Unit 5 test

being able to navigate around FCHS blindfolded?

Cognitive map

Studies of latent learning high light the importance of?

Cognitive processes

B.F. Skinner and the creation of his operant chamber was influenced by which of the following?

John watson

The study of respondent (classical) behavior is to _________ as the study of operant behavior is to __________.

Pavlov, Skinner

In classical conditioning, which of the following pairs do not require learning?

UCS, CR

Researches conditioned a flatworm to contract its body to a light by repeatedly pairing the light with electric shock. The stage in which the flatworm's contraction response to light is established and gradually strengthened is called?

acquisition

A Skinner box is a(n)?

chamber containing a bar or key that an animal can manipulate to obtain a reward.

After having bad barbecue pork in the cafeteria, your stomach gets a bit woozy each time you enter. The cafeteria is the ___________ and your stomach feeling woozy is the ________.

conditioned stimulus, conditioned response

Which of the following experiments does not demonstrate that mental information guides behavior and is acquired through cognitive learning?

conditioning of dogs

in operant conditioning, behavioral change is brought about by the manipulation of

consequences

The best strategy for teaching a child a new behavior is to use?

continuous reinforcement

If I want my dog Fuzzy to roll over. At first, I should use ________ reinforcement. After she has learned the behavior, I should change to a __________ schedule of reinforcement.

continuous, intermittent

A punishment _______the probability of a response, while a negative reinforce _________ the probability of a response.

decreases, increases

Learning always occurs as a result of

experience

At one time, Jimmy was scared of dogs because he was bitten by one. With repeated exposure to tame dogs in safe settings, Jimmy's fear of dogs has gradually faded. Jimmy's diminishing fear of dogs best illustrates...

extinction

Which schedule of reinforcement result in lots of behavior as the time for reinforcement approaches, but little behavior until the next time for reinforcement approaches?

fixed interval

Becky recently joined a frequent flyer program. After every 10th flight, Becky receives a free flight. This best illustrates which schedule of reinforcement?

fixed ratio

Monica's therapist reminds her so much of her own father that she has many of the same mixed emotional reactions to him that she has to her own dad. Her reactions to her therapist best illustrates the importance of?

generalization

Maria has moved from rural Iowa to New York City. Her first few weeks in her new apartment, Maria is unable to fall asleep due to all the noise. After about a month, Maria no longer effected by the outside noise when going to sleep. This demonstrates?

habituation

In his classic study, Albert Bandura found that children exposed to an adult model who behaved aggressively by beating up a Bobo doll would...

imitate the adult's action

Which of the following is not true about punishment?

it should be directed at the person, not the behavior

Jeffrey always enjoyed cooking simple meals for himself. When he was preparing a meal, he would frequently read new recipes and he liked to wander around the local Whole Foods store. When his friend Marsha asked that he help her with food for a party she was having, Jeffrey amazed everyone, including himself, when he prepared a feast that looked and tasted like it was done by a professional caterer. Jeffrey's newfound skill is an example of?

latent learning

Acquiring new habits best illustrates the process of...

learning

Which of the following are most clearly activated by picking up a spoon and by simply watching another person pick up a spoon?

mirror neurons

chilren often imitate what they see on television

modeling

"Time out"

negative punishment

Peggy's use of foul language decreased because it was followed by the loss of her $5 weekly allowance. Taking away Peggy's allowance served as?

negative punishment

A student jumps up and down with her hand raised yelling "me, me, me, me!!!" until the teacher calls on her. The child continues to jump and yell in the future. This example illustrates...

negative reinforcement

You hit the "off button" on you alarm clock when it rings. The ending of the obnoxious sound acts as a (n)

negative reinforcement

Before learning painfully that the sound of a buzzing bee signaled she was about to get stung, Sara felt no fear to the buzzing sound. At that time, the sound of the buzzing bee was most clearly a(n)

neutral stimulus

Dan and Joe, are both 4 years old. They recently just watched all the Spiderman movies. Joe's mother recently found the boys standing on the garage roof, ready to try jumping across to the next roof. What best accounts for the boys' behavior?

observational learning

Mirror neurons provide a biological basis for?

observational learning

The last time you came home after your curfew, your parents grounded you for the next two weekends. Ever since then you have been careful to come home on time. The change in your behavior is best explained by?

operant conditioning

"If you clean your room, you can go to the movies with your friends" best illustrates...

premack principle

What is the difference between a primary and a conditioned reinforcer?

primary reinforcers are unlearned and innately satisfying: conditioned reinforcers are learned

The law of effect refers to the tendency to?

repeat behaviors that are rewarded

Money is to food as ________ is to ________

secondary reinforcer; primary reinforcer

During summer camp, counselors are trying to teach campers to demostrate good sportsmanship. So, tthey give campers a sticker each time they demonstrate good sportsmanship. When they have earned 10 stickers, they may select a candy bar of their choice. This represents an example of?

shaping

Five-year-old Trevor is emotionally disturbed and refuses to communicate with anyone. To get him to speak, his teacher initially gives him candy for any utterance, then only for a clearly spoken word, and finally only for a complete sentence. The teacher is using the method of...

shaping

After a scary biking accident, Alex extinguished his conditioned fear of bikes by cycling on a safe trail every day for a week. The reappearance of his previously extinguished fear when he rode a bike on the same trail two weeks later best illustrates...

spontaneous recovery

If Pavlov's dogs had been adopted by a nice family after the experiments ended and they eventually stopped salivating to a bell, but then suddenly when the doorbell rang they began salivating again, they would be demonstrating?

spontaneous recovery

Robert's dog Fuzzy, runs to Robert every time he says "COME." If one day Fuzzy comes running when Robert yells "DUMB" we might say that Fuzzy has demonstrated?

stimulus generation

In Garcia and Koelling's studies of taste-aversion learning, rats learned to associate?

taste with sickness

B. F. Skinner's work elaborated what E. L. Thorndike had called?

the law of effect

When grocery shopping with his mother, 4 year old Henry sometimes throws temper tantrums if his mother refuses his requests for a particular snack food. Parent training experts would suggest that his mother should...

threaten to punish henry

A(n) _______________ refers to the behavior elicited by the unconditioned stimulus

unconditioned response

Coffee shops that reward customers with one free cup of coffee after every ten coffee purchases are using which reinforcement schedule?

variable interval

On the first day of class, Professor Wallace tells her geography students that pop quizzes will be given at unpredictable times throughout the semester. Clearly, studying for Professor Wallace's surprise quizzes will be reinforced on a ________ schedule?

variable interval

Going door to door to sell a product best illustrates which of the following schedules of reinforcement?

variable ratio