Unit 5 Ultimate Test Practice

The human sleep cycle repeats itself about every

90 minutes

Your ability to immediately recognize the voice over the phone as your mother's illustrates the value of:

Acoustic learning

Advocates of social influence theory of hypnosis are likes to argue that

Advocates of social influence theory of hypnosis are likes to argue that

Hypnosis has been associated with quackery, thanks to the false claims made by:

Anton Mesmer

People with sleep apnea do not recall being awake and gasping for air, then falling back to sleep. Which of the following best explains this phenomenon?

Anything that happens during the 5 minutes just before we fall asleep is typically lost from memory

Which of the following is bad advice for a person trying to overcome insomnia?

Awaken at the same time every day even if you have had a restless night

17 year old Jesus insist that he never dreams. Research suggests that he probably

Doesn't remember his dreams

Which of the following is a amphetamine derivative that acts as a mild hallucinogen

Ecstasy

An altered state of consciousness in which people experience fantastic images and often feel separated from their bodies is most closely associated with the use of

Hallucinogens

How is the hypothalamus involved in sleep?

In response to decreasing light the hypothalamus' suprachiastmatic nucleus causes the pineal gland to increase production of melatonin, leading you to sleep.

After sleeping about an hour and a half, Kioshi enters a phase of paradoxical sleep. He is like to:

Internally aroused and externally calm, heart breathing goes up

THC, the active ingredient in ____, is classified as a _____

Marijuana, mild hallucination

The hypnagogic sensations of falling or floating are most likely to occur during which sleep stage?

NREM-1 sleep

After Carlos had been asleep for about an hour and a half, his heart began to beat faster, his breathing became fast and irregular, and his closed eyes began to dart back and forth. Carlos was most likely experiencing:

REM sleep

After Riley had been asleep for about an hour and a half, her heart began to beat faster, her breathing became fast and irregular, and her closed eyes began to dart back and forth. Riley was most likely experiencing

REM sleep

At 3 o'clock in the morning, John has already slept for 4 hours. As long as his sleep continues, we can expect an increasing occurrence of:

REM sleep

Brain regions that are active as rats learn to navigate a maze show similar activity patterns again as the rats later experience

REM sleep

Fast and jerky movements of the eyes are especially likely to be associated with

REM sleep

Genital arousal is most likely to be associated with

REM sleep

Nightmares are to _____ as night terrors are to

REM sleep; NREM-3 sleep

Paradoxical sleep is to slow wave sleep as ________ sleep is to ________ sleep.

REM; Stage 4

Which of the following is the best advice for a person concerned about occasional insomnia?

Relax and drink a glass of milk before bedtime

Circadian rhythm refers to

a pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24-hour cycle

Alpha waves are associated with:

a relaxed but awake state

Dissociation refers to

a state of divided consciousness

Twenty-eight-year-old Theodore has an irrational fear of dogs. His therapist hypnotizes him and asks him to mentally relive his earliest childhood experience with a dog. The therapist is making use of:

age regression

Which of the following is a common symptom of nicotine withdrawal?

anxiety

Sleep talking may occur during

any stage of sleep

Which of the following is most accurate about a typical night's sleep?

as sleep progresses, NREM-3 sleep diminishes while REM sleep increases

The school of thought in psychology that systematically avoided the study of consciousness during the first half of the last century was

behaviorism

The school of thought in psychology that systematically avoided the study of consciousness during the first half of the last century was

behavorism

Those who emphasize that mood fluctuations may be indicative of seasonal affective disorder are highlighting the importance of:

biological rhythms

To move beyond the "hypnosis is social influence" versus "hypnosis is divided consciousness" debate, today's hypnosis researchers are using a unified ________ approach.

biopsychosocial

Which of the following is the most widely consumed psychoactive substance?

caffeine

After flying from California to New York, Arthur experienced a restless, sleepless night. His problem was most likely caused by a disruption of his normal

circadian rhythm

After four years of working nights, Raymond now works days. His present difficulty in getting to sleep at night is most likely due to a disruption of his normal:

circadian rhythm

Our inability to fall asleep early as we had planned, is most likely a reflection of:

circadian rhythm

With the approach of night, our body temperatures begin to drop. This best illustrates the dynamics of the

circadian rhythm

A brief 15- to 30-minute rush of euphoria followed by a crash of agitated depression is mostly closely associated with the use of

cocaine

Hypnotically age-regressed people

correctly demonstrate behaviors associated with specific developmental stages

The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep are called

delta waves

Alcohol is considered a(n)

depressant

Drugs such as alcohol and opiates that calm neural activity and slow body functions are called

depressant

Research indicates that alcohol

disrupts the processing of recent experiences into long-term memories

Three hours after going to sleep, Shoshanna's heart rate increases, her breathing becomes more rapid, and her eyes move rapidly under her closed lids. Research suggests that Shoshanna is

dreaming

Plato's belief that death involves the separation of the mind from the body is known as:

dualism

The belief that death involves the liberation of the soul from a bodily prison illustrates:

dualism

The greatest danger of viewing drug addiction as a disease is that this may lead drug addicts to

feel powerless to overcome the addiction

Some people function well with fewer than 6 hours of sleep per night, while others need 9 hours or more. Such differences in individual sleep patterns suggests that

genetics makes a difference in how much sleep we need and get

Which of the following typically occur(s) during REM sleep?

genital arousal

LSD is most likely to produce

hallucinations

Sensory experiences that occur without a sensory stimulus are called

hallucinations

After sleeping for about an hour and a half, Francisco enters a phase of paradoxical sleep. He is likely to

have very relaxed muscles

After sleeping for about an hour and a half, José enters a phase of paradoxical sleep. He is likely to:

have very relaxed muscles

Bats need a lot of sleep because their high waking metabolism produces _____ that are toxic to neurons

hypnagogic sensations

Traffic accident rates have been found to ________ after the spring change to daylight savings time and to ________ after the fall change back to standard time.

increase; decrease

Tristan

is cute as hell

Research has indicated that hypnosis

is helpful in overcoming alcohol addicitons

According to Freud, the personally threatening and censored meaning of a dream is its

latent content

Greg remembered a recent dream in which his girlfriend suddenly grabbed the wheel of his speeding car. Greg's therapist suggested that the dream might be a representation of the girlfriend's efforts to avoid sexual intimacy. According to Freud, the therapist was attempting to reveal the ________ of Greg's dream.

latent content

Josef, a high school student, tells his therapist that he has had a recurring dream in which he hunts and kills a ferocious tiger. The therapist explains that the dream reflects Josef's unresolved feelings of hostility toward his father. According to Freud, the therapist is revealing the possible ________ content of Josef's dream.

latent content

Shane, a straight-A student, remembers dreaming that he failed an important chemistry test. According to Freud, Shane's account represents the _____ content of his dream.

manifest

Alexa, a straight-A student, remembers dreaming that she failed an important chemistry test. According to Freud, Alexa's account represents the _____ content of his drea,.

manigest

Mrs. Roberts, who suffers from AIDS, has been given an ordinarily illegal drug at the university hospital. Considering her specific medical condition, it is likely that she has received

marijuana

When light strikes the retina, it signals the suprachiasmatic nucleus to alter ________ production by the pineal gland.

melatonin

By the 1960, the study of consciousness had been revived by psychologist' renewed interest in

mental processes

Which of the following sleep disorders would be the most incapacitating for a commercial bus driver?

narcolepsy

About three hours after he falls asleep, Bobby often sits up in bed screaming incoherently. His mother tries to awaken him, but with no success. His pulse races and he gasps for breath. The next morning, he remembers nothing. It appears that Bobby suffers from

night terrors

Unconscious information processing is more likely than conscious processing to:

occur simultaneously on several parallel dimensions

Morphine and heroin are

opiates

Consciousness is

our awareness of ourselves and our environment

REM sleep is called paradoxical sleep because

our nervous system is highly active, while our voluntary muscles hardly move

The activation synthesis theory best helps to explain why:

people often experience sudden visual images during REM sleep

If Gavin doesn't drink caffeinated sodas daily, he experiences severe headaches. Gavin is most clearly showing signs of

physical dependence

deep sleep appears to play an important role in

physical growth

While Bev was hypnotized, her therapist suggested that during the next several days she would have a strong desire to eat well-balanced meals. The therapist was apparently making use of

posthypnotic suggestion

Chemical substances that alter perceptions and moods are called _____ drugs.

psychoactive

How did the definition of psychology change when behaviorism began to dominate the field?

psychology centered on direct observation of our actions

Consciousness is to unconsciousness as ________ is to ________.

serial processing; parallel processing

Mr. Dayton occasionally stops breathing while sleeping. He wakes up to snort air for a few seconds before falling back to sleep. Mrs. Dayton complains that her husband snores. Clearly, Mr. Dayton suffers from

sleep apnea

Obesity is a risk factor for developing which of the following sleep disorders?

sleep apnea

The rhythmic bursts of brain activity that occur during NREM-2 sleep are called

sleep spindles

Research on dreaming indicates that:

some people are able to test their state of consciousness while dreaming

Compared with when they were only 20 years old, 60-year-olds

spend less time in deep sleep

People are particularly responsive to hypnosis if they

strongly expect that they can be hypnotized

The circadian rhythm is influenced by light-sensitive retinal proteins that trigger signals to the

suprachiasmatic nucleus

Sleep apnea is a disorder involving

the cessation of breathing during sleep

When people are experiencing vivid dreams

their eyes are likely to move under their closed eyelids

After suffering a trauma, people commonly report an increase in

threatening dreams

As drug users experience neuroadaptation, they demonstrate signs of

tolerance

The need to take larger and larger doses of a drug in order to experience its effects is an indication of

tolerance

It has been found that night terrors:

typically occur during Stage 4 sleep

Participants in a sexual stimulation study who mistakenly thought they had consumed alcohol were more likely to report having strong sexual fantasies and feeling guilt-free than those who thought they had not consumed alcohol. This study best illustrated the impact of

user expectations

Terry has not had a decent night of sleep in over a week. If this sleep deprivation continues, he will become increasingly susceptible to

viral infections

The discomfort and distress that follow the discontinued use of certain drugs is called

withdrawal

Forty-year-old Lance insists that he never dreams. Research suggests that he probably:

would report a vivid dream if he were awakened during REM sleep