UNIT 6 APESSSSSSS

Traveling alone in a car uses 3.6 MJ of energy per kilometer. If 4 people go on a trip of 400 miles, what is the MJ used per person? 200 MJ 320 MJ 580 MJ 860 MJ 1440 MJ

580 MJ

Which of the following statements best explains why natural gas is often used as a fuel when countries are transitioning from nonrenewable to renewable energy sources? A Natural gas burns more efficiently and cleanly than other sources of carbon-based fossil fuels, thus contributing to a reduction in atmospheric carbon dioxide. B The infrastructure for storing and transporting natural gas can be used in the future in conjunction with hydrogen fuel technologies. C Natural gas can be used in industrial applications only, but it has great potential to replace coal as a fuel source. D The process of extracting natural gas, known as hydraulic fracturing, requires very little water or energy.

A Natural gas burns more efficiently and cleanly than other sources of carbon-based fossil fuels, thus contributing to a reduction in atmospheric carbon dioxide.

Which of the following best describes the total consumption of all fossil fuels in 2040 compared to the consumption of nuclear energy in 2040? A Consumption of fossil fuels will be approximately 13 times greater than consumption of nuclear energy. B Consumption of fossil fuels will be approximately 9 times greater than consumption of nuclear energy. C Consumption of fossil fuels will be approximately 5 times greater than consumption of nuclear energy. D Consumption of fossil fuels will be approximately 4 times greater than consumption of nuclear energy.

A. Consumption of fossil fuels will be approximately 13 times greater than consumption of nuclear energy.

Purity is a major factor in determining the type of coal used for energy. Which of the following types of coal are correctly paired with a description of its purity and common use? Responses A. Anthracite is considered the highest grade coal because it is almost pure carbon, and it is often used for domestic heating. B. Coking coal is most widely available and contains 60-86% carbon, which makes it ideal for use in coal power plants. C. Steam coal has a high carbon content with low amounts of impurities, which makes it ideal for use in the steel industry. D.Lignite is the most mature and purest form of coal, and it is often used for large-scale power generation.

A. Anthracite is considered the highest grade coal because it is almost pure carbon, and it is often used for domestic heating.

Which of the following best describes how the use of hydrogen fuel negatively impacts the environment? Responses A. The harvesting of hydrogen fuel from ocean sediments can result in damage to marine ecosystems and fisheries. B. The transport of hydrogen fuel requires pipelines that can negatively impact terrestrial habitats, especially when these pipelines leak. C. The combustion of hydrogen fuel releases carbon dioxide, which contributes to ocean acidification and global climate change. D. The energy needed to produce the hydrogen fuel may come from fossil fuels, whose use contributes to ocean acidification and global climate change.

A. The harvesting of hydrogen fuel from ocean sediments can result in damage to marine ecosystems and fisheries.

Rock layer that can be porous but must have very low to no permeability A B C D

B

Which of the following is the approximate projected rate of change in renewable energy consumption from 2010-2040 ? A. 4.33 quadrillion BTU B. 2.33 quadrillion BTUsBTU C. 2.00 quadrillion BTUs D. 0.733 quadrillion BTUs

B 2.33 quadrillion BTUs per year

Which of the following best explains energy transformation in hydrogen fuel cells? A Methane reacts with oxygen to produce carbon and hydrogen atoms, which releases energy. B Hydrogen reacts with oxygen to produce water, which releases energy. C In the presence of sunlight, carbon dioxide reacts with water to produce sugar and oxygen, requiring energy. D Hydrogen chloride is dissolved in water, requiring energy.

B Hydrogen reacts with oxygen to produce water, which releases energy.

Which of the following geologic profiles would most likely be found at the circled region in the figure? A B PEAT PEAT C D

B PEAT PEAT

Natural gas is often priced in units of dollars per therm. One therm equals 100,000 BTUs. A certain family uses 600 therms of energy to heat its home annually using a natural gas furnace that is 80 percent efficient. The family is considering replacing its current furnace with one that is 96 percent efficient. Assuming the cost of a therm is $0.30, which of the following would be the family's annual savings in the cost of home heating? Responses A. $23.04 B. $28.80 C. $138.24 D. $172.80

B. $28.80

In many parts of the United States, homeowners use a significant portion of their energy budget to heat their home in the winter. It has been determined that lowering a thermostat by 3°F3°F in the winter can reduce the energy costs by about 1010 percent in many homes. An individual homeowner lowers their thermostat by 33 degrees exactly halfway through the billing period. For the month that the thermostat was lowered, the heating bill was $95$95. How much money did the family save in the month in which they lowered the thermostat setting halfway through the billing period? Responses A. $2.85 B. $5.00 C. $9.50 D. $10.00

B. $5.00

A family of four lives in a three-bedroom house and uses an average of 900kWh of electricity per month. The family cools their house for three months during the summer with two window-unit air conditioners that each use 350kWh of electricity per month. Which of the following is the percentage of the family's total annual electricity that is used to run the two air conditioners for the three summer months? Responses A. 9.7 percent B. 19.4 percent C. 38.8 percent D. 77.8 percent

B. 19.4 percent

Which of the following is the most practical solution to maximizing energy production at wind farms while minimizing the risk to wildlife? Responses A. Turn on turbines only at night when most birds and bats are not flying. B. Turn off turbines during periods of maximum migration. C. Turn on turbines only when winds are below 5 miles per hour . D. Limit the height of turbines to 1010 meters and the width of the blades to 55 meters.

B. Turn off turbines during periods of maximum migration.

Which of the following best describes electricity generation using wind turbines? A Newer wind turbines can generate consistent electricity even when there is no wind. B Wind turbines can be constructed on either vertical or horizontal axes. C Wind turbines are rarely used offshore because they tend to float in rough seas. D Wind turbines can be used by individual homeowners but have limited effectiveness when connected to the electrical grid.

B. Wind turbines can be constructed on either vertical or horizontal axes.

Which of the following time periods has the highest energy output? A 10 am-12 pm B 12 pm-2 pm C 2 pm-4 pm D 4 pm-6 pm

B.12 pm-2 pm

In an apartment building, exhaust from a gas-powered electrical generator is captured to produce hot water to heat a swimming pool. Which of the following is illustrated by this process? Responses A.Synergy B.Cogeneration C.Synfuels D.Energy recovery

B.Cogeneration

Which of the following explains why some energy sources are renewable? Responses A.Renewable energy sources exist in a fixed amount and cannot be easily replaced. B.Renewable energy sources can be replenished naturally, at or near the rate of consumption. C. Renewable energy sources include natural gas and other fossil fuels because they are made from the remains of ancient organisms. D. Renewable energy sources use advanced technologies and have been discovered in recent years, making them newer energy sources.

B.Renewable energy sources can be replenished naturally, at or near the rate of consumption.

Which of the following is an example of the process of cogeneration? A Using timber waste products as biofuel B Using wastewater from electricity production for heating homes C Using the corn crops for ethanol fuel production D Using the reservoir behind a hydroelectric dam for recreation

B.Using wastewater from electricity production for heating homes

At which of the following locations in the nuclear power plant would an accident most likely result in the release of fission products? A B C D

C

In the diagram above, which letter correctly identifies the step where kinetic energy is converted to mechanical energy? A B C D

C

Rock layer that must be porous and have enough permeability for fluid to move through the layer A B C D

C

Based on the data above, approximately how much greater is the average cost of electricity produced in the United States from offshore wind than from hydroelectric power? A 0.42 times greater B 0.88 times greater C 2.3 times greater D 3.9 times greater

C 2.3 times greater

How many kilowatt hours (kWhkWh) per year does refrigerator AA use? A 6kWh B 182kWh C 2,190kWh D 2,190,000kWh

C. 2,190kWh

Which of the following is a drawback to using biofuels, such as ethanol, as a fuel source? Responses A. Ethanol-blended gasoline has higher carbon emissions than petroleum alone. B. The global demand for biofuels is continually decreasing. C. There is high energy investment in producing and processing the crops needed for ethanol production. D. Ethanol-blended gasoline increases the likelihood of freezing gas lines in winter months.

C. There is high energy investment in producing and processing the crops needed for ethanol production.

Which of the following gases is released from the structure labeled C in the diagram? Responses A. Carbon dioxide B. Methane C. Water vapor D. Radon-222

C. Water vapor

Rock layer that must be rich in organic matter that was subjected to heat and pressure over time during the formation of oil and natural gas. Responses A B C D

D

Which of the following best describes why people in less developed countries use wood as a primary energy source? A The infrastructure required to transport wood is well established. B Wood produces fewer carbon emissions than other energy sources, such as geothermal or natural gas. C Wood can be converted to peat and cheaply burned for fuel. D Wood, in the form of firewood and charcoal, is often readily available.

D Wood, in the form of firewood and charcoal, is often readily available.

A hydrogen fuel cell-powered car driving on a highway is different from gasoline-powered cars because hydrogen fuel cell-powered cars only emit A carbon dioxide and hydrogen gas B carbon dioxide and heat C water vapor and hydrogen gas D water vapor and heat

D water vapor and heat

Which is an example of a secondary energy source? Solar Coal Electricity Heat Nuclear

Electricity

Which of the following PVPV panel systems is least effective at producing energy? Responses Tracking, dual-axis No tracking, tilted south No tracking, tilted west No tracking, tilted east

No tracking, tilted east

Which energy source does not originate from the Sun? Coal Solar Oil Nuclear Natural gas

Nuclear

Which of the following statements about geothermal energy is accurate? Responses While geothermal energy can heat buildings directly, it is not used to generate electricity. The location of geothermal energy sources ranges from short distances below ground to miles below the surface. Steam from underground sources must be condensed before it can be used aboveground. In some parts of the world, geothermal sources are used to power steam locomotives.

The location of geothermal energy sources ranges from short distances below ground to miles below the surface.

Which of the following best describes the method of vehicle transport that is the most environmentally sustainable? Responses The use of a vehicle powered by hydrogen fuel cells because there are no carbon emissions The use of a plug-in hybrid vehicle because the fuel sources do not release any carbon dioxide The use of a vehicle powered by biodiesel because it can be used in conjunction with traditional diesel The use of a vehicle powered by ethanol because corn is grown to produce energy rather than for human consumption

The use of a vehicle powered by hydrogen fuel cells because there are no carbon emissions

Which of the structures in the diagram is the site where the nuclear power plant accidents at Three Mile Island and Chernobyl occurred? A. Control Rods B. Stream line C. D.

A. Control Rods

Which of the following is required to convert geothermal energy into electricity? A Wind B Groundwater C Fossil fuel D Sunlight

B Groundwater

How many BTUs were consumed in the United States in 2017 by consumers that used petroleum as a fuel source? Responses A. 28 quadrillion B T Us B. 36 quadrillion BTUs C. 62 quadrillion B T Us D. 97 quadrillion BTUs

B. 36 quadrillion BTUs

Which of the following describes an environmental problem that can result from the combustion of fossil fuels to generate electricity? Responses A. A chemical reaction occurs between the fossil fuel and oxygen to produce energy for the generation of electricity. B. Carbon dioxide is a product of the combustion fossil fuels, and it can lead to global climate change when released into the atmosphere. C. The combustion of fossil fuels can heat water to convert the water into steam to turn turbines that are connected to electrical generators. D. Combustion reactions using fossil fuels require more energy than they produce and are therefore very inefficient.

B. Carbon dioxide is a product of the combustion fossil fuels, and it can lead to global climate change when released into the atmosphere.

Which of the following are often used for energy storage of wind power? A Converters B Generators C Batteries D Rotor blades

C Batteries

Which of the following is an environmental benefit associated with substituting ethanol for gasoline? A Ethanol is more energy efficient than gasoline. B Ethanol has a lower cost than gasoline. C Burning ethanol produces fewer air pollutants than burning gasoline alone. D Burning ethanol removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

C Burning ethanol produces fewer air pollutants than burning gasoline alone.

Which of the following best describes a potential advantage of using geothermal energy instead of solar farms for power generation? A Harnessing geothermal energy does not release hydrogen sulfide gas, whereas solar farms do. B Geothermal energy does not release greenhouse gases, whereas solar farms do. C Geothermal energy can be harnessed without destroying large tracts of habitat, whereas solar farms require large amounts of space. D Geothermal energy is easily accessible and can be harnessed in most parts of the world, whereas solar energy is difficult to harness.

C Geothermal energy can be harnessed without destroying large tracts of habitat, whereas solar farms require large amounts of space.

Which of the following correctly identifies the sequence of energy conversions that occur in a wind turbine? A Mechanical energy →→ kinetic energy →→ electrical energy B Potential energy →→ mechanical energy →→ kinetic energy C Kinetic energy →→ mechanical energy →→ electrical energy D Potential energy →→ electrical energy →→ mechanical energy

C Kinetic energy →→ mechanical energy →→ electrical energy

Which of the following best describes an environmental problem that is often linked to the process of fracking? A Fracking operations require large tracts of land, which degrades habitat and harms wildlife. B Fracking can increase stream flow and water volume, disrupting fish migration pathways. C Wastewater from fracking operations is injected into porous rock formations, which can induce seismic activity. D Excessive nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, run off the land near fracking sites, which can lead to large algal blooms in nearby waterways.

C Wastewater from fracking operations is injected into porous rock formations, which can induce seismic activity.

Which of the following identifies the air pollutants most commonly released during the burning of biomass? A Lead ( Pb ), carbon monoxide ( CO ), and nitric acid ( HNO3 ) B Particulate matter ( PMPM ), ozone ( O3 ), and carbon monoxide ( CO ) C Carbon dioxide ( CO2 ), particulate matter ( PM ), and carbon monoxide ( CO ) D Polychlorinated biphenyls ( PCBs ), carbon dioxide (CO2 ), and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs )

C. Carbon dioxide ( CO2 ), particulate matter ( PM ), and carbon monoxide ( CO )

An individual has been driving a passenger vehicle to work, averaging 60 miles a week in a car that averages 22 miles per gallon. The individual plans to purchase a hybrid vehicle that averages 50 miles per gallon. If the individual drives to work 50 weeks a year, how much gas will they save if they switch to a hybrid vehicle for their commute? Responses A. 28 gallons B. 60 gallons C. 76 gallons D. 107 gallons

C. 76 gallons

Which of the following best describes an advantage of burning biomass rather than burning fossil fuels in developing countries? Responses A. Biomass production requires less open space than fossil fuel extraction does, so land is available for other purposes. B. Biomass production requires less open space than fossil fuel extraction does, so land is available for other purposes. C. Biomass production is cheaper than fossil fuel extraction, making it more readily available for use. D. Burning biomass is more efficient than burning fossil fuels, providing more available energy from less of the resource.

C. Biomass production is cheaper than fossil fuel extraction, making it more readily available for use.

Which of the following best describes a potential negative environmental effect of fossil fuel extraction? A Fossil fuel extraction requires new infrastructure and has a high start-up cost. B Birds are injured or killed when they fly around extraction sites. C Thermal energy produced during the extraction process is released into nearby streams and lakes. D Air pollutants, such as methane and particulate matter, are emitted into the atmosphere.

D Air pollutants, such as methane and particulate matter, are emitted into the atmosphere.

Which of the following would be the best location for a wind farm with ten industrial turbines? Responses A. Adjacent to a wetland area with a large migratory avian population in the fall and spring B. Scattered throughout a residential neighborhood where strong wind gusts are common C. Just outside a town near a cave housing a large bat population D. Arranged uniformly on a local farm that has fields and pastureland for dairy and grain production

D. Arranged uniformly on a local farm that has fields and pastureland for dairy and grain production

Which of the following best describes an environmental problem associated with hydrologic fracturing, or fracking? Responses A. Fracking has led to an increase in the production of oil and natural gas, lowering energy prices. B. Fractures in the shale will close up once the fracking fluid is removed unless fine particles, like sand, are introduced to hold them open. C. The products of fracking release more carbon dioxide and sulfur compounds into the atmosphere than other fossil fuels. D. Fracking fluids can escape from the drill hole and contaminate surface water and groundwater.

D. Fracking fluids can escape from the drill hole and contaminate surface water and groundwater.

Which of the following correctly pairs a region with its percent increase in electricity demand between 2016 and 2040? Responses A. Africa; 61 percent B. United States; 0.17 percent C. China; 158 percent D. India; 227%

D. India; 227%

Which of the following is a characteristic of nonrenewable energy sources that distinguishes them from renewable energy sources? Responses A. The construction of power plants that use nonrenewable energy sources is typically more expensive than the construction of those that use renewable energy sources. B. Nonrenewable energy sources are typically less harmful to wildlife and ecosystems than renewable energy sources are. C. Nonrenewable energy sources typically require additional new technology in order to be used than renewable energy sources do. D. Nonrenewable energy sources typically take a longer time to replenish than renewable energy sources do.

D. Nonrenewable energy sources typically take a longer time to replenish than renewable energy sources do.

Which of the following correctly depicts the nuclear chain reaction that occurs in a nuclear power plant? NEUTRON NEUTRON NEUTRON

In nuclear power production, Uranium-235 is used as fuel. In this image, a neutron interacts with an atom of Uranium-235, releasing two additional neutrons. These neutrons can then interact with additional atoms of Uranium-235, causing a chain reaction.

If peak electricity use occurs around 2p.m. in the Los Angeles area and avoiding brownouts is more important to the installers of the PVPV panels than annual energy output, which of the following PVPV panel systems would be best to use in the area? Responses No tracking, tilted south No tracking, tilted west No tracking, tilted east No tracking, flat

No tracking, tilted west

The major source of energy in the United States is natural gas. coal. oil. nuclear. renewables.

oil.

Cogeneration is the use of two or more energy sources to generate electricity. the use of two separate turbines to generate electricity. a method of electricity generation that includes renewable energy. a method of increasing a power plant's capacity factor. the use of a fuel to generate heat and electricity.

the use of a fuel to generate heat and electricity.

Geothermal energy plants are a viable alternative energy source because they Responses use the heat from Earth's interior to create steam that is used to generate electricity and then can be pumped back into the ground can be built for use in any location where surface drilling is possible and construction of geothermal plants increases land stability use the heat from Earth's interior to directly heat buildings and houses and give off no greenhouse gasses do not give off hazardous air pollutants into the atmosphere and require very little water

use the heat from Earth's interior to create steam that is used to generate electricity and then can be pumped back into the ground

Which of the following best explains the process of electricity generation in a hydrogen fuel cell? Responses A. At the cathode, water reacts with oxygen to release hydrogen and heat. Electricity is generated as the bonds form between hydrogen and oxygen. The by-product of the reaction is heat. B. At the cathode, hydrogen is reduced and then electrons flow to the anode to generate electricity. Oxygen is produced at the cathode. Oxygen and heat are the by-products of the reaction. C. At the anode, hydrogen is oxidized and electrons flow in a circuit to the cathode. At the cathode, oxygen reacts with the hydrogen to produce water. Water and heat are by-products of the reaction. D. At the anode, hydrogen is oxidized and electrons pass through an electrolyte to the cathode. There, the protons react with water to produce oxygen. Water and heat are by-products of the reaction.

A. At the cathode, water reacts with oxygen to release hydrogen and heat. Electricity is generated as the bonds form between hydrogen and oxygen. The by-product of the reaction is heat.

Which of the following would be most likely to be used as a fuel source for electricity generation in the plant displayed in the diagram? Responses A. Uranium-235 B. Cesium-137 C. Iodine-123 D. Yttrium-90 and Yttrium-91

A. Uranium-235

Which of the following best identifies a benefit of using renewable energy sources rather than nonrenewable energy sources? A Renewable energy sources do not have negative environmental impacts, whereas nonrenewable energy sources have many negative environmental impacts. B Renewable energy sources are replenishable and are virtually inexhaustible by human consumption, whereas nonrenewable sources do not form in a short period of time. C Renewable energy sources are available uniformly throughout the world, whereas nonrenewable sources are unequally distributed. D Renewable energy technologies are more developed and more readily available than nonrenewable energy technologies.

B Renewable energy sources are replenishable and are virtually inexhaustible by human consumption, whereas nonrenewable sources do not form in a short period of time.

Which of the following most accurately explains how geothermal energy is produced and utilized in these applications? A Geothermal energy uses heat from the Sun to raise the Earth's surface temperatures to a point where these applications can heat homes and buildings. B Geothermal energy uses heat from the Sun to create atmospheric temperature gradients, which in turn power turbines to generate electricity. C Geothermal energy uses the natural insulating power of Earth to create temperature differentials that are used to heat buildings in the winter and cool them in the summer. D Geothermal energy cannot be tapped directly from heat generated by volcanoes or other geologically active areas.

C Geothermal energy uses the natural insulating power of Earth to create temperature differentials that are used to heat buildings in the winter and cool them in the summer.

Which of the following statements is best supported by the data shown in the graph? Responses A. P V panels that cannot track the Sun and are in a fixed position tilted to the east produce the most electricity daily and annually. B. Of the PV panels that cannot track the Sun, those in a fixed position tilted to the west produce more electricity daily and annually than do those in a fixed position tilted to the south. B. P V panels that cannot track the Sun and are in a fixed position tilted to the south produce the least electricity daily and annually. C. PV panels that can track the Sun and are constantly moving to always directly face the Sun produce the most electricity daily and annually.

C. PV panels that can track the Sun and are constantly moving to always directly face the Sun produce the most electricity daily and annually.

Which of the following best describes the conditions under which peat is formed? Responses A.Partially decayed vegetation is placed under low-pressure, aerobic, acidic conditions. B. Partially decayed vegetation is placed under high-pressure, anaerobic, alkaline conditions. C. Partially decayed vegetation is placed under high-pressure, anaerobic, acidic conditions. D.Partially decayed vegetation is placed under low-pressure, aerobic, alkaline conditions.

C. Partially decayed vegetation is placed under high-pressure, anaerobic, acidic conditions.

Although nuclear energy is considered a cleaner energy source than fossil fuels, some scientists argue this does not support the claim that nuclear energy is renewable. Which of the following claims best supports the argument that nuclear energy is a nonrenewable energy source? Responses A. Nuclear energy has low carbon emissions and does not contribute to global warming. B. The uranium deposits on Earth are finite. C. Nuclear energy is generated by the process of nuclear fission. D. Nuclear power plants convert water to steam, similar to fossil fuel-burning power plants.

B. The uranium deposits on Earth are finite.

Which of the following statements best explains why there is continued widespread use of nonrenewable fossil fuels in energy production in the United States? A Established technology and transportation infrastructure for fossil fuels allows these resources to be converted into energy to meet consumer demand. B Fossil fuels are significantly cheaper than renewable resources, so they do not require government subsidies, which ultimately saves the government money. C The environmental effects of fossil fuels are easy to mitigate, while the environmental effects of renewable resources are difficult to understand and reverse. D Fossil fuels will always be present and are plentiful in quantity, so there is little pressure to find a replacement for them as an energy source.

A Established technology and transportation infrastructure for fossil fuels allows these resources to be converted into energy to meet consumer demand.

Which of the following describes a step in the generation of electricity using fossil fuels that can most directly lead to an environmental problem? A Fossil fuel is burned to boil water. B Water is converted to steam. C Steam turns a turbine. D Turbines power a generator.

A Fossil fuel is burned to boil water.

Which of the following is a disadvantage of using hydrogen fuel cells? A Hydrogen gas is not readily available on Earth. B The products of the reactions in hydrogen fuel cells damage the environment. C Hydrogen fuel cells are much less efficient in powering vehicles than internal combustion engines are. D Hydrogen fuel cells need to be very large to generate electricity.

A Hydrogen gas is not readily available on Earth.

Which of the following statements about the global distribution and use of fossil fuels is best supported by the data on the map? A Saudi Arabia and Australia produce large volumes of fossil fuels with relatively low energy demand. B The United States produces more fossil fuels than it consumes. C Japan has the greatest energy independence because there are abundant reserves of fossil fuels present in the country. D Russia and Indonesia are reliant on the export of other nations for their fossil fuels.

A Saudi Arabia and Australia produce large volumes of fossil fuels with relatively low energy demand.

Throughout the world, especially the less-developed countries, burning wood or other biomass for heating or cooking in homes is common. One negative environmental impact of this practice is the production of particulates indoors, which can be a health hazard to humans. Which of the following describes the best strategy for mitigating this potential problem? Responses A. Installing effective ventilation systems in dwellings B. Updating dwellings with well-sealed windows C. Planting native plants around the dwelling D. Equipping dwellings with rainwater collection systems

A. Installing effective ventilation systems in dwellings

Which of the following statements correctly explains the role of fossil fuels in the production of energy? Responses A. The combustion of fossil fuels heats water to produce steam, which then turns a turbine. B. The steam released from the combustion of fossil fuels turns a generator, which then powers a turbine. C. The heat released from burning fossil fuels rises and turns a turbine, which then releases carbon dioxide. D. Steam produced from a turbine ignites the fossil fuels, which then powers the generator.

A. The combustion of fossil fuels heats water to produce steam, which then turns a turbine.

The homeowner is considering purchasing a new model of refrigerator, Refrigerator BB. This model uses 50 percent less energy per year. Which of the following would be the estimated cost savings for the homeowner in a year if she replaces Refrigerator AA with Refrigerator BB? A $30.00 B $131.40 C $262.80 D $500.00

B $131.40

Which of the following statements correctly describes a difference between biomass-fired power plants and traditional fossil-fuel-burning power plants, such as coal-fired plants? A The production of biomass does not release carbon dioxide but burning fossil fuels does. B The operational costs of biomass plants are very high when compared with traditional fossil fuel plants. C Biomass plants produce higher levels of mercury emissions than fossil fuel plants. D Biomass as a fuel source is not widely available all over the world while fossil fuels are abundant around the world.

B The operational costs of biomass plants are very high when compared with traditional fossil fuel plants.

If a country possesses large oil and gas reserves within its borders, which of the labeled rock types must be present in the underlying geology of the country? A.A B.B C.C D.D

C. SEDIMENTARY ROCK

Which of the following statements best describes a difference between nonrenewable and renewable energy sources? A Nonrenewable energy sources release carbon dioxide when used, whereas renewable energy sources do not release carbon dioxide. B Renewable energy sources are often obtained a long distance away from the customer, whereas nonrenewable energy sources are obtained locally. C Renewable energy sources can be replaced naturally at current consumption rates, whereas nonrenewable energy sources cannot be replaced easily. D Renewable energy sources produce energy that can be recycled after use, whereas the energy from nonrenewable energy sources cannot be recycled.

C.Renewable energy sources can be replaced naturally at current consumption rates, whereas nonrenewable energy sources cannot be replaced easily.

Which of the following best describes how a homeowner using an off-the-grid PVPV solar system, in the same country as seen in the graph above, can power a home between 9:00 PM and 6:00 AM? A Switching to the electrical grid to obtain power B Relying on sources like wind or hydroelectricity in times of darkness C Using excess energy from a sunny day stored in batteries for power D Burning wood to create heat and light for the home.

C.Using excess energy from a sunny day stored in batteries for power

Which of the following best describes a benefit of increasing the number of offshore wind farms rather than onshore wind farms? Responses A. Offshore wind farms will consume less water during operation than wind farms on land because the turbines require less steam for electricity generation. B. Offshore wind farms will decrease the maintenance costs associated with electricity generation because they are cheaper to operate than wind farms on land. C. Offshore wind farms will emit less carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide than wind farms on land because they are farther from urban areas. D. Offshore winds farms will produce up to three times as much electricity as wind farms on land because of increased wind speeds offshore.

D. Offshore winds farms will produce up to three times as much electricity as wind farms on land because of increased wind speeds offshore.

Which of the following best describes a disadvantage of geothermal energy production? Responses Geothermal energy production is a significant source of noise pollution. Geothermal energy implementation in homes and businesses has a high upfront cost, and electricity is needed to operate pumps. Geothermal energy generation costs remain stable when gas and oil prices increase. Geothermal energy is weather dependent and can be generated only at certain times of the year.

Geothermal energy implementation in homes and businesses has a high upfront cost, and electricity is needed to operate pumps.