Unit 6 Quizes

A test battery for a child being assessed for a fluency disorder should typically include:

A broad battery that not only samples the child's speech and feelings about speaking, but also has the capacity to rule out phonologic, semantic, morphologic, syntactic, and pragmatic disorders.

In the United States, the prevalence of fluency disorders is:

About 5%, which is almost five times the incidence rate because many people with fluency disorders recover spontaneously.

Fluency enhancing situations for most stutterers include:

All suggested answers are correct.

Studies of fraternal twins have shown that:

Answer is NOT There is substantial data about monozygotic twins and stuttering but little is known about stuttering and fraternal twins.

You are taking over a caseload of high school aged students from another speech/language specialist. She tells you that she currently is treating 3 girls for stuttering. If the school's population is "typical," you'd expect to hear her say she is treating approximately _______ boys for the same condition

Answer is NOT: Certainly no more than four and possibly less.

You are a speech/language pathologist working in a public school with an 8-year-old child who stutters. You want to find situations in which the child exhibits greater fluency. It would be reasonable to expect improvement when:

Answer is NOT: You use an activity in which the child presents "Show and Tell" items to the rest of your therapy group.

Generally speaking, compared to adult women, adult men:

Are likely to be treated for clinically significant fluency disorders four times as often.

Children who are bilingual:

Are more likely to stutter than are monolingual children.

As a group, ________________ display an increased risk for stuttering.

Bilingual children

Stuttering most typically begins when:

Children start to string words together into longer utterances.

Situations in which stutterers commonly experience increased dysfluency include:

Conversing with people of the opposite sex.

After assessing a four-year-old boy for possible stuttering, your observations clearly indicate that he is displaying behaviors consistent with normal developmental dysfluency. After the assessment you:

Explain the signs of stuttering and normal developmental dysfluency, reassure the parents, and provide specific suggestions to further the child's general communicative growth.

A person has a clinically significant fluency disorder if they are dysfluent more often than other people.

False

Although a person stutterers, this does not increase the risk for the presence of a language processing disability.

False

Although it used to be thought that people who stutter were more likely than nonstutterers to have relatives who stuttered, it now is known that this is untrue.

False

Most children who stutter for more than 4 years will not recover and are likely to exhibit severe stuttering characteristics throughout their lives.

False

Stuttering begins in most cases in late childhood or early adolescence (ages 10 - 14) when social and academic pressures become acute.

False

Stuttering usually occurs in one monozygotic twin but not the other.

False

Speech characteristics consistent with a diagnosis of "stuttering" include:

High overall frequency of dysfluency accompanied by the presence of prolongations.

Over the past ten years, the elementary school you serve as a speech/language specialist has stayed the same size but has undergone a significant population shift. When you were first employed, the children were largely monolingual, English speakers. At this point almost 70% of the school's children are bilingual. Based on results of research, we would expect to see the number of stutterers you are serving:

Increase.

People who stutter are:

More likely than people who do not stutter to have additional, unrelated language and phonological disorders.

Females recover from stuttering:

More often than males and without professional intervention in most cases.

When assessing children suspected of having fluency disorders, the presence of other coexisting conditions:

Must always be assessed because stutters are generally at increased risk for problems in other communicative areas than are those who do not stutter.

Studies of monozygotic twins have shown that:

No conclusions have been reached as the data has largely been conflicting. When stuttering occurs in one, it is likely to occur in the other. Stuttering occurs randomly in monozygotic twins; if one twin stutters the other is no more likely to stutter than are people in the general population. Although one twin stutters, the other usually doesn't, and, in fact, the presence of stuttering in one twin, does not increase the probability of the other stuttering.

Stuttered speech is characterized by:

None of the above.

A fluency disorder is "clinically significant" when:

None of the other suggested answers is correct.

Fluency disorders are:

Present in boys approximately four times more often than in girls on the average.

Dysfluency types, their frequency, and duration, as well as positive family history and gender are:

Primary characteristics to consider when making the diagnosis of stuttering.

The core behaviors of stuttering are:

Repetitions, prolongations, and interjections in the speech stream.

There are several known conditions that:

Result in immediate but temporary reductions in dysfluent speech, or, conversely, in similar short-term dysfluency increases for many people who stutter.

Eye blinks, oral struggle behaviors, and head and body jerks are:

Secondary, learned behaviors often exhibited by stutterers.

You are screening a child who has been referred to you for a possible fluency disorder. She displays more dysfluencies on consonants than vowels, more dysfluencies on words at the beginning of sentences, more dysfluencies on rare or unusual words, and more dysfluencies on the first word in a sentence. You conclude:

She is displaying symptoms consistent with stuttering.

A 5-year-old child is referred to you for a possible fluency disorder. In a conversational language sample she displays a few single word and part-word repetitions but no prolongations of either sounds or silences. You conclude:

She's unlikely to require treatment because her dysfluency types and frequencies are within expected ranges and characteristic of normal developmental dysfluencies.

The fact that stuttering occurs disproportionately in males, tends to run in families, and appears frequently in monozygotic twins supports a view that:

The cause of stuttering is genetic.

The onset of stuttering is most closely associated with:

The period during which children first begin speaking in longer phrases and sentences.

If a family has several relatives who stutter or recovered from stuttering:

There is a significantly increased risk that they will have children who stutter.

You have been asked to discuss stuttering at an upcoming meeting of the PTA. What will you tell parents who ask if having a close relative who stutters increases their risk of having a child who stutters?

There is an increased risk when close relatives stutter so it's important for parents with relatives who stutter to know the signs of normal developmental dysfluency and of stuttering and to observe their children and seek professional guidance if concerns about fluency arise.

You are reviewing your school district's year end report. You see that 40 boys and 20 girls are receiving therapy for stuttering. How do you react to this?

These proportions are not consistent with the expected gender distributions for stuttering and suggest that stuttering males in your district may be underserved or that females are being over-identified.

You are assessing an adult who complains of problems with fluency which he feels have made it "impossible to talk to girls." In addition, he says he was recently turned down for a promotion at work because he didn't answer questions fully for fear of becoming dysfluent. Your assessment reveals this individual is dysfluent considerably more often than most people are. It is reasonable to conclude:

This client appears to have a clinically significant fluency disorder causing barriers of a severity and pervasiveness that justifies SLP intervention.

The incidence rate for fluency disorders in the United States is:

Three times as high between birth and age 10 as it is in adolescence and adulthood.

Being bilingual increases the risk of stuttering.

True

Certain identifiable speaking situations cause many stutterers to exhibit immediate improvements in fluency.

True

Children with "normal developmental dysfluencies" not only display less dysfluencies overall than stuttering children, they are likely to display fewer types of dysfluencies than are those children who stutter.

True

If a person stutters, they are more likely to exhibit dysfluency on unusual or rarely used words than they are on common words.

True

On the average, four boys stutter for every girl who does.

True

Stutterers often become more dysfluent when they speak on the telephone, try to tell jokes, or need to say their own names.

True

Stutterers often exhibit improved fluency when speaking to animals or to small children

True

Taken as a whole, approximately 1 person in 100 stutters, but you may see stuttering much more frequently if you work with children in the primary grades (K - 6).

True

The three components of stuttering are the core fluency issues, the secondary learned behavioral reactions to dysfluency, and the person's feelings and attitudes associated with dysfluent speech.

True

When working with adult populations, a therapist might expect to see men more often then women for treatment of fluency disorders.

True

Most people:

Who stutter, both males and females, recover from the condition but females are more likely than males to do so and the majority of recoveries occur spontaneously and not necessarily as a result of treatment.

A three-year-old girl is brought for consultation by her parents who report that she sometimes repeats whole words or sounds, especially when she is upset or excited. The girl's mother says her daughter is more dysfluent some weeks than others but doesn't seem to be aware of her dysfluencies at any time. The parents are concerned that their daughter may be "stuttering." They say that no one in either family stutters but that their child has been present when a stuttering adult friend visits. You advise the parents to:

answer is not: Take immediate steps to see that the stuttering friend stops visiting when the daughter is present.

An example of transference activities for stuttering would be:

answer is not: Teaching the client how to transfer from a stuttering block to fluent speech in a smooth way that is less likely to be perceived as stuttering.

Therapeutic regimens for stuttering that omit procedures for transfer and maintenance:

answer is not: Are desirable because they are less expensive and produce similar outcomes.

Eye blinks, oral struggle behaviors, and head and body jerks are the primary components of stuttering.

false

If parents feel their child stutters, than he or she has a clinically significant fluency disorder.

false

In general, people who stutter exhibit increased dysfluency when they speak in the presence of a loud masking noise or speak at an artificially raised or lowered pitch.

false

Most stutterers are unable to sing as a result of the increase in dysfluency that singing causes.

false

Most stutterers become more dysfluent when speaking to animals or children.

false

Once diagnostic assessment shows that a dysfluent child is not "stuttering," additional counseling with parents is unnecessary and unethical.

false

People who stutter are no more likely than people who do not stutter to have a language processing disability.

false

Stuttering can begin at any time of life and adult onset stuttering, in particular, is as common as onset in early childhood.

false

Stuttering is four times more common in females than males.

false

Stuttering occurs most frequently on words near or at the end of sentences.

false

"Normal, developmental dysfluencies" are characterized by few, if any, single syllable word repetitions, part-word repetitions, or prolongations of either sounds or silences.

true

Approximately half of all people who stutter have a relative who stuttered or recovered from stuttering.

true

Approximately half of all those who stutter also have an unrelated language processing disability (Specific Language Impairment).

true

Desensitization therapy is a direct form of treatment for stuttering but it does not directly address the speech dysfluencies themselves.

true

If a family has several relatives who stutter or recovered from stuttering, there is an increased likelihood that they will have children who stutter.

true

In the United States, approximately 5 out of 100 people stutter at some time in their life.

true

Studies of monozygotic twins reveal that when stuttering occurs in one, it is likely to occur in the other.

true

You are a speech/language pathologist being transferred from a school primarily serving monolingual, English-speaking children to one of the same size that predominately serves bilingual children. You expect to see an increase in the number of children you treat for fluency disorders.

true