UNIT 7

Nitrogen bearing substances in dead organic matter and manure are converted into ammonia and nitrates as a result of what? nitrogen fixation ammonification denitrification decomposition absorption

decomposition

Which group of organisms is responsible for the breaking apart of nitrates and ammonia molecules creating N2 gas that returns to the air? nitrogen-fixing bacteria animals denitrifying bacteria plants

denitrifying bacteria

What process removes water from oceans, lakes, and rivers and pumps it into the atmosphere? precipitation evaporation condensation percolation

evaporation

What is the cause of the dead zones? all of these too much oxygen in the ocean excess fertilizer in the ocean a lack of nitrogen in the ocean

excess fertilizer in the ocean

Already the levels of CFC in the stratosphere are being reduced because of the Montreal Protocol. true false

false

Destroying the good ozone layer is causing the global warming and climate change concerns. true false

false

Ozone destroying substances are only produced by human activities. true false

false

The Montreal Protocol has had no effect on the levels of CFCs in the atmosphere. true false

false

The energy storage molecule generated by plants and we depend on for survival is: _______ chlorophyll. vitamin C glucose. carbon dioxide.

glucose.

What human actions can reduce the levels of bad ozone in our air? Mark all that apply. reformulate substance like paint fuels and solvents increase production of good ozone increase deforestation increase car pooling and public transit reduce factory pollution

increase car pooling and public transit reduce factory pollution reformulate substance like paint fuels and solvents

The levels of carbon dioxide have been _______________ since measuring began back in 1958. unchanged decreasing increasing

increasing

Which fossil fuel produces the lowest amount of carbon dioxide when burned? oil coal natural gas

natural gas

The Haber process creates ammonia from what gas in the atmosphere? oxygen hydrogen nitrogen water vapor

nitrogen

What kind of organism converts nitrogen from the air into a form that can be used by plants? denitrifying bacteria plants nitrogen-fixing bacteria animals

nitrogen-fixing bacteria

What gas in the atmosphere is used to form ozone? CFCs oxygen chlorine carbon dioxide

oxygen

A large part of the stratosphere where the amount of ozone is very low is called the... catalyst chasm CFC hole ozone layer ozone hole

ozone hole

The process that forms glucose from carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is called what? chlorophyll synthesis photosynthesis respiration decomposition

photosynthesis

What is the process where plants use carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose called? photosynthesis global warming chlorophyll

photosynthesis

Which type of molecule in living things contains nitrogen? Select all that apply. lipids proteins DNA carbohydrates

proteins DNA

To reverse the development of dead zones what must humans do? reduce the nitrogen fertilizer getting into rivers increase the oxygen in the oceans all of these increase the use of natural fertilizers

reduce the nitrogen fertilizer getting into rivers

Carbon removed from the air by forests and other plant life. source sink

sink

Carbon stored in sediments at the bottom of the ocean. source sink

sink

When coal layers and oil reservoirs were formed millions of years ago they were a carbon ___________. source sink

sink

Carbon dioxide released into the air by volcanoes source sink

source

Carbon dioxide returning back into the air decaying plants and animals. source sink

source

Carbon released by burning fuel in factories source sink

source

The text says that, "Once the forest is cleared for crop or grazing land, the soils can become a large source of carbon emissions." Does this mean that the soils are a carbon source or a

source

The carbon in our bodies was formed inside what? the core of the earth the sun the cores of small stars the cores of gas giant stars

the cores of small stars

Which layer in the atmosphere contains the bad ozone? troposphere mesosphere stratosphere thermosphere

troposphere

As an animal breathes it exhales carbon dioxide back into the air. This carbon dioxide can be used by plants for photosynthesis. true false

true

Bad ozone is created by reactions between chemicals commonly found in factory and car pollution. true false

true

Both deforestation and degradation are currently a source of carbon for the atmosphere. true false

true

It is obvious that plants need sunlight to stay alive. Animals also need sunlight to stay alive. true false

true

Nitrogen cycles between plants and animals can occur on both the land and in the sea. true false

true

One chlorine atom can destroy 100,000 ozone molecules. true false

true

One chlorine atom can destroy tens of thousands of ozone molecules. true false

true

Ozone destroying substances release chlorine and bromine, which are the chemicals that actually break up ozone molecules faster than nature is forming them. true false

true

Ozone is continually being formed and destroyed in the stratosphere. true false

true

Photosynthesis is the reverse chemical process of respiration. true false

true

Respiration is the reverse chemical process of photosynthesis. true false

true

Taking action to stop good ozone destruction and reducing bad ozone formation will also help many other forms of environmental degradation. true false

true

Volcanic dust can lower Earth's temperatures by reflecting some sunlight back into space. true false

true

What are the three most abundant volcanic gases? water vapor sulfur dioxide hydrogen fluoride carbon dioxide

water vapor sulfur dioxide carbon dioxide

In what ways do plants affect the atmosphere? All of these. Plants release oxygen into the atmosphere during photosynthesis. Plants remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Plants release water into the atmosphere by the process of transpiration.

All of these.

While international efforts to improve the atmosphere are important, it is also important that you and I take action to reduce our pollution. Why is this so? Reducing our pollution means that the world is just a little bit cleaner, and individuals and families can save money in many cases as well. Millions of small improvements can add up to make a big difference in the world. All of these. Reducing pollution from individuals and families will not only affect ozone but many other forms of environmental degradation as well.

All of these.

Ozone damages crops and vegetation. Good Bad

Bad

Ozone is formed by human pollution activities. Good Bad

Bad

Ozone is harmful to breathe. Good Bad

Bad

What man-made substance was the source of the exact substances that destroy ozone? chlorine CFC oxygen bromine carbon dioxide

CFC

The carbon cycle can be thought of as interconnected carbon sources and sinks. Which statement below describes a carbon sink? Carbon dioxide is released into the air by volcanoes. Carbon is released by burning fossil fuels in factories and vehicles. Carbon is removed from the air by forests and other plant life. Carbon dioxide is returned to the air by decaying plants and animals.

Carbon is removed from the air by forests and other plant life.

Chlorine is a catalyst for the destruction of ozone. What is a catalyst? Catalysts are substances that block ozone molecules so they cannot absorb UV rays. Catalysts cause more UV rays to form than can be absorbed by natural ozone. Catalysts are chemicals that trigger a reaction but are not used up in the reaction. Catalysts create bad ozone which is destroying the good ozone.

Catalysts are chemicals that trigger a reaction but are not used up in the reaction.

Why is it difficult to integrate nitrogen gas from the atmosphere into the nitrogen cycle of the biosphere? Oceans quickly absorb nitrogen gas so there is not enough left in the air for land plants. Nitrogen is not very abundant in the atmosphere. Most plants do not require organic nitrogen compounds for survival. Few organisms can break apart the nitrogen molecule into nitrates or ammonia.

Few organisms can break apart the nitrogen molecule into nitrates or ammonia.

Deforestation alters the carbon in the atmosphere in two primary ways. What are they? Select two please. Forests remove carbon from the atmosphere as the plants carry on photosynthesis. Cutting down the forest requires lots of fuel, and this is the most important carbon sink for the earth. Forests are often burned. The burning gives off carbon dioxide into the air; thus, a burning forest is a carbon source. Forests store more carbon in the tissues of the vegetation than in all other sinks combined. Forests create green surfaces , which helps to cool the climate of the earth.

Forests remove carbon from the atmosphere as the plants carry on photosynthesis. Forests are often burned. The burning gives off carbon dioxide into the air; thus, a burning forest is a carbon source.

Which statement below is false as it relates to how deforestation affects the carbon in the atmosphere? Forests are often burned. The fires release carbon dioxide into the air. Thus burning a forest produces a carbon source. Forests store more carbon in the tissues of the vegetation than in all other sinks combined. Forests remove carbon from the atmosphere as the plants carry on photosynthesis. Huge volumes of carbon dioxide escape from decaying leaves and other organic matter into rivers and streams that flood large areas of forest during the rainy season.

Forests store more carbon in the tissues of the vegetation than in all other sinks combined.

Ozone blocks UV rays. Good Bad

Good

Ozone is formed naturally in the stratosphere. Good Bad

Good

What is the cause of the extra carbon dioxide in the atmosphere as shown on the graph?

Human use of fossil fuels.

What does the stratosphere do to protect life? It contains the ozone layer, which blocks harmful UV rays. It is the first to block out harmful X-rays and cosmic rays from space. It is the layer in which man-made or natural debris from space burns up. Provides warmth, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and weather for living things.

It contains the ozone layer, which blocks harmful UV rays.

How has the level of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere changed since 1958, when the first direct measurements were started? It has increased. It has not changed. It has decreased. It has fluctuated wildly.

It has increased.

In animal cells during respiration water and carbon dioxide are both produced. What happens to the extra carbon dioxide that the animal doesn't need?

It is exhaled back into the atmosphere.

The carbon needed by living organisms cannot be depleted. Why? It is recycled from the atmosphere through the biosphere and back to the air. It is made from sunlight and water inside animal cells. It is constantly supplied by the decomposers. It is always stored in living cells.

It is recycled from the atmosphere through the biosphere and back to the air.

In photosynthesis, glucose and oxygen are both produced. What happens to the extra oxygen that the plant doesn't need?

It is released back into the air.

. What does the thermosphere do to protect life? It contains the ozone layer, which blocks harmful UV rays. It is the first to block out harmful X-rays and cosmic rays from space. It is the layer in which man-made or natural debris from space burns up. Provides warmth, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and weather for living things.

It is the first to block out harmful X-rays and cosmic rays from space.

What does the mesosphere do to protect life? Provides warmth, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and weather for living things. It is the first to block out harmful X-rays and cosmic rays from space. It is the layer in which man-made or natural debris from space burns up. It contains the ozone layer, which blocks harmful UV rays.

It is the layer in which man-made or natural debris from space burns up.

When carbon dioxide enters the ocean it is used in which of the following ways? Select all that apply. It is used to release dissolved oxygen into the air. It is used by ocean plants to carry on photosynthesis. It precipitates becoming minerals. It is used by organism to make seashells.

It is used by ocean plants to carry on photosynthesis. It precipitates becoming minerals. It is used by organism to make seashells.

What does it mean when the text says the oceans are a carbon sink? It means the ocean release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. It means the oceans block out UV rays from the sun. It means the oceans remove carbon from the carbon cycle.

It means the oceans remove carbon from the carbon cycle.

What is the Montreal Protocol?

It was a plan adopted by many nations to reduce the release of CFCs into the atmosphere

What role did algae and ocean plants play in the formation of the ozone layer? Ocean algae and plants produced oxygen, which escaped into the air and was converted into ozone. Photosynthesis from ocean plants and algae released ozone as a waste product. Algae and ocean plants created bad ozone. When this bad ozone reached the stratosphere, it reacted with UV rays and became good ozone. Algae absorbed UV rays, releasing ozone to escape into the air.

Ocean algae and plants produced oxygen, which escaped into the air and was converted into ozone.

What role did algae and ocean plants play in the formation of the ozone layer?+ Algae played no role in the formation of the ozone layer. Algae and ocean plants carried on photosynthesis, which released ozone as a waste product. Algae absorbed oxygen from the air, leaving ozone in its place. Ocean algae and plants produced oxygen, which escaped into the air and was converted into ozone.

Ocean algae and plants produced oxygen, which escaped into the air and was converted into ozone.

What does the troposphere do to support life? It is the layer in which man-made or natural debris from space burns up. It contains the ozone layer, which blocks harmful UV rays. It is the first to block out harmful X-rays and cosmic rays from space. Provides warmth, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and weather for living things.

Provides warmth, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and weather for living things.

According to the text, "It is not certain whether intact tropical forests are a net source or sink of carbon." What does this mean?

Scientists do not know if forests release more carbon dioxide into the air than they remove from the air. There is still much to learn about the role of forests and the carbon cycle.

What does strong sunlight and hot temperatures of the summer time do to the bad ozone? Strong sunlight and hot weather decreases the effects of bad ozone. Strong sunlight and hot weather has no effect on bad ozone. Strong sunlight and hot weather increases the effects of bad ozone.

Strong sunlight and hot weather increases the effects of bad ozone.

What would happen to the carbon-oxygen cycle if animals were removed from the process?

The cycle would eventually stop.

What would happen to the carbon-oxygen cycle if the sun stopped shining? There would be no change in the cycle since sunlight is not part of it to begin with. The cycle would reverse—plants would take on the role of animals and animals would fill the role of the plants. The cycle would increase in speed until the carbon in the atmosphere was gone. The cycle would stop and life would become extinct. The cycle would continue indefinitely.

The cycle would stop and life would become extinct.

What happens when ozone absorbs UV rays? Ozone chemically converts UV rays into carbon dioxide. Ozone is changed into a form of air pollution when it absorbs UV rays. The ozone molecules reflect the UV rays back into space. The ozone molecule is broken apart into oxygen atoms, which quickly reform into ozone.

The ozone molecule is broken apart into oxygen atoms, which quickly reform into ozone.

How do animals and decomposers (like mushrooms, mold and mildew) obtain the carbon they need? They consume plants or other animals. They break water molecules apart using sunlight to form carbon dioxide. They create carbon from volcanic gases. All of these.

They consume plants or other animals.

What happens to the excess fertilizer that runs off farms and fields into the oceans? It produces large dead zones in the ocean. It is a greenhouse gas that warms Earth's temperature. It has no effect on ocean environments. It creates lush plant growth and increases all ocean food chains.

What happens to the excess fertilizer that runs off farms and fields into the oceans? It produces large dead zones in the ocean. It is a greenhouse gas that warms Earth's temperature. It has no effect on ocean environments. It creates lush plant growth and increases all ocean food chains.

What substances are the exact causes of the ozone destruction? Mark all that apply. carbon dioxide oxygen CFC bromine chlorine

bromine chlorine

Carbon in our atmosphere exists in the form of what? glucose chlorophyll solar radiation carbon dioxide

carbon dioxide

Carbon in our atmosphere exists mainly as what molecule? protein carbon dioxide glucose C6H12O6

carbon dioxide

What are the three volcanic gases most harmful to life? carbon dioxide water vapor hydrogen fluoride sulfur dioxide

carbon dioxide hydrogen fluoride sulfur dioxide

Volcanoes release more than 130 million tons of CO2 into the atmosphere every year. This fact means that volcanoes are a what? carbon sink carbon source

carbon source

Identify the health effects of bad ozone on humans. Mark all that apply. chest pain throat irritation reduced lung function sunburn skin cancer coughing worsened bronchitis

chest pain throat irritation reduced lung function coughing worsened bronchitis