unit 7

1973

The American Psychiatric Association classified homosexuality as an illness until the year _____.

_medical costs will be reduced_

The CEO of a large corporation is considering the benefits her firm will offer employees. If she offers employees psychotherapy for psychological problems, chances are good that: medical costs will be reduced. medical costs will be increased. work efficiency will go down. absenteeism will go up.

DSM-5

Tonya is interested in studying psychological disorders. If she wants to study the classification system MOST often used in the United States, she should read the _____.

_transference_

When a patient in psychoanalysis begins to have feelings such as love or hatred toward their therapist, and those feelings are linked to other relationships they have had or have, they are experiencing: transference. resistance. blocking. countertransference.

_major depressive

When the brain's danger-detection system becomes too active, the risk for _____ disorder(s) does NOT increase. posttraumatic stress obsessive-compulsive major depressive anxiety

_treatment generally provides a boost to a person's long-term outcome_

Research results on the effectiveness of psychotherapy show that: people who do not receive treatment do not get better. for all people, treatment is better than no treatment. therapy is typically effective. treatment generally provides a boost to a person's long-term outcome.

eye movement desensitization and reprocessing.

Stefan recently suffered a traumatic experience and is now seeing a therapist on a regular basis. His therapist waves her finger in front of Stefan's face while he imagines the traumatic scene. This type of therapy is known as: systematic desensitization. mesmerism. exposure therapy. eye movement desensitization and reprocessing.

_transcranial magnetic stimulation

Tasha wants to help a family member who suffers from depression and has not found relief with therapy or medication. Tasha would probably recommend _____ as the safest option, because there are very few dangerous side effects. drug combinations transcranial magnetic stimulation psychosurgery electroconvulsive therapy

_1938_

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) was first introduced in: 1918. 1938. 1908. 1928.

_be at greater risk for mental health problems due to social stigma_

George, a gay man who is not open about his sexual orientation in his work environment due to fear of discrimination, is likely to: be classified as having an illness. be at greater risk for mental health problems due to social stigma. have better mental health than a heterosexual individual. decide to not worry about the stigma and come out.

_meta-analysis_

A research team combines the results of nearly two dozen studies examining the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy in treating self-injurious behavior among clients with borderline personality disorder. The research team is conducting a: correlation study. factor analysis. descriptive study. meta-analysis.

_depress central

Blake's doctor told her that she should not drink alcohol while taking Xanax. This is because antianxiety agents such as Xanax _____ nervous system activity. depress peripheral increase peripheral depress central increase central

_antisocial personality disorder_

Bobby stole money from the local grocery store on the corner to buy beer. He later assaulted a 72-year-old woman and stole her purse. In the alley, he dumped the purse, went to Starbucks for a cup of coffee, and proceeded to take the train over to the south side. On the train, someone stepped on his shoes, and Bobby threw the hot coffee in the person's face and laughed. Bobby would be considered to have: bipolar disorder. dissociative disorder. schizophrenia. antisocial personality disorder.

cognitive therapy.

Chelsea's therapist uses active listening within an empathic environment. Her therapist is MOST likely using: dialectical behavior therapy. psychoanalysis. Correct: client-centered therapy. client-centered therapy.

_dissociative

In _____ disorders, awareness becomes separated from past feelings, thoughts, and memories. psychotic dissociative personality anxiety

_increase exercise

Julia is suffering from depression. In addition to medication to alleviate her symptoms, Julia's doctor may also recommend that she _____ to increase serotonin. join a support group eat more vegetables take time off of her job increase exercise

_exposure therapy_

A therapist helps Rebecca overcome her fear of water by getting her to swim in the family's backyard pool three times a day for two consecutive weeks. a token economy. exposure therapy. aversive conditioning. cognitive therapy.

dialectical behavior

A version of cognitive behavioral therapy called _____ therapy helps change harmful, even suicidal behavior patterns.

hippocampus; amygdala

According to the textbook, brain scans of clients with dissociative identity disorder show "shrinkage in areas that aid memory and detection of threat." These areas are MOST likely the _____ and the _____, respectively. medulla; amygdala hippocampus; amygdala hippocampus; medulla amygdala; hippocampus

_avoiding omega-3 fatty acids_

Agnes is a graduate student in psychology who suffers from depression. She has been on antidepressants for years with marginal effect. Instead of taking additional medication or undergoing brain stimulation, her therapist recently encouraged her to review research on therapeutic lifestyle change. Agnes noticed that those who went through the 12-week training program performed all of the following EXCEPT: avoiding omega-3 fatty acids. enhancing positive thinking. engaging in at least 30 minutes of aerobic exercise daily. sleeping 7 to 8 hours every night.

Disssociative Identity

Angel has been arrested for grand theft auto. He claims that it was not him and that he knows nothing about the crime, as another one of his personalities must have done it. The court-appointed psychiatrist knows immediately that Angel does not suffer from _____ disorder, as the original personality generally denies awareness of the others.

_50 to 60

Data cited in the textbook suggests that about _____ percent of those experiencing anxiety or depression have used alternative treatments such as massage, spiritual healing, or herbal medicine. 70 to 80 10 to 20 30 to 40 50 to 60

Generalized anxiety

Delilah is continually tense and plagued by muscle tension, sleeplessness, and an inability to concentrate. Delilah MOST likely suffers from _____ disorder

_humanistic

Dr. Barlow states that most individuals wish to become better people and that today's problems are more important than the experiences of the past. Dr. Barlow's beliefs are MOST consistent with _____ therapy. humanistic psychoanalytic cognitive Incorrect: behavior behavior

_mild depression_

Dr. Ramos is a client-centered therapist. Her type of therapy is empirically supported for the treatment of: anxiety. insomnia. phobias. mild depression.

_cognitive

Drew's therapist believes in using only empirically supported therapies for treating his insomnia. She will probably use _____ therapy. psychodynamic behavior client-centered cognitive

_is not classified as an illness_

Elsa is a 50-year-old teacher who is openly gay. According to the American Psychiatric Association (APA), Elsa's homosexuality: is not addressed by the APA. is classified as an illness. is not classified as an illness. does not put her at greater risk for mental health problems.

_the token economy_

In an eating disorders clinic, the patients receive merits for good eating behaviors such as finishing their meal, not exercising after their meal, and for appropriate behaviors in the unit. This BEST illustrates an application of: systematic desensitization. cognitive therapy. virtual reality exposure therapy. the token economy.

_antisocial personality disorder_

Last week, Tate went into the hospital for a painful medical procedure. Amazingly, he did not seem worried beforehand, and he showed no signs of autonomic nervous system arousal. In addition, Tate seems to lack a conscience for wrongdoing. It is possible that Tate would be diagnosed as having: dysthymia. antisocial personality disorder. schizophrenia.

_evidence-based practice

Leigh is a diligent clinician. In order to provide her clients with the best therapy she can provide, she keeps up to date on the latest psychotherapy research. She also takes into consideration her patients' values, characteristics, preferences, and circumstances. Finally, she is also mindful of her own expertise. Leigh is using which approach in clinical decision making? evidence-based practice eclectic approach meta-analysis unconditional positive regard

_schizophrenia_

Mrs. Higgins believes that aliens from another planet have removed her stomach and are watching to see how long it takes her to grow another. Mrs. Higgins is MOST likely suffering from: a phobia. bipolar disorder. schizophrenia. dissociative identity disorder.

_vicious cycle_

Neal has been diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Neal interprets negative stressful events using a pessimistic explanatory style. His explanatory style creates a hopeless depressed state, which then hampers the way Neal thinks and acts, causing more negative stressful events. neurotransmitter imbalance. vicious cycle. defense mechanism. misattribution.

agoraphobia

Stella has been diagnosed with panic disorder and refuses to leave her home without her husband. She fears any situation in which she cannot escape or find help when a panic attack would strike. Stella suffers not only from panic disorder, but also from _____.

_an eclectic approach_

Stephanie meets with her therapist once a week in order to talk about her marriage as well as the relationship she has with her parents. Stephanie's therapist uses psychodynamic techniques to help her gain insight into her relationships, as well as behavioral and cognitive techniques to improve Stephanie's communication skills. The therapist's work exemplifies: counterconditioning. exposure therapy. an eclectic approach. psychoanalysis.

_depressive disorder_

T. J. seems to have stopped caring about his own life. He has lost interest in his work and his usual social activities. Sometimes he wonders if living is worth the effort. T. J. is MOST likely suffering from a(n): dissociative disorder. antisocial personality disorder. specific phobia. depressive disorder.

5

The U.S. National Institute of Mental Health estimates that about 1 in _____ adult Americans suffers from a diagnosable mental disorder in a given year.

_a token economy

Which therapy is NOT based on classical conditioning? a token economy exposure therapy aversion therapy systematic desensitization

_repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)

With _____, patients receive repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain, which can be used to stimulate activity in various areas of the brain. electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) an electrocardiogram (EKG) conversion therapy repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)

_posttraumatic stress

Years after he barely survived an attack that killed his wife and two children, Mr. Puskari suffers recurring flashbacks and frequent nightmares of the event. They render him incapable of holding a steady job. Mr. Puskari is MOST clearly showing signs of _____ disorder. dissociative posttraumatic stress generalized anxiety obsessive-compulsive

_rush to deinstitutionalize the mentally ill

Zara's mother was in a mental institution in the late 1950s when antipsychotic drugs were first introduced. Like many others, Zara blames the _____ for her mother's subsequent homelessness. rush to deinstitutionalize the mentally ill use of antipsychotic medication long-term stay in an institution failure of institutions to properly care for the homeless

ADHD

_____ is a psychological disorder characterized by extreme inattention and impulsivity.

Schizophrenia

_____ is the mental disorder that is MOST likely to lead to poverty.

delusion

A _____ is a false belief that often accompanies psychotic disorders.

_a phobia_

Although Mark realizes his behavior is unreasonable, he is so distraught by high bridges that he avoids them and takes an unnecessarily lengthy route to and from work each day. Mark appears to suffer from: generalized anxiety disorder. a phobia. bipolar disorder. obsessive-compulsive disorder.

_form the foundation for treating psychological disorders_

Although few therapists practice using Freud's original theory, it did help: set the stage for the reform of the mental health field. define psychological disorder. create the DSM-5. form the foundation for treating psychological disorders.

_biomedical therapy

Carlos is suffering from bipolar disorder, a disorder where his mood shifts between periods of depression, periods of mania, and normal functioning. To help control the symptoms of his disorder, Carlos takes prescribed drugs regularly. Carlos MOST likely sees a therapist who specializes in what type of therapy? humanistic therapy behavioral therapy psychotherapy biomedical therapy

action; obsession

Compulsion is to _____ as _____ is to thought. emotion; obsession action; obsession action; hallucination emotion; hallucination

_positive

Frank was seen laughing inappropriately in the library as if he were responding to internal stimuli. On the bus home, he was crying uncontrollably and suddenly became angered when a fellow passenger offered him a tissue. His excess of inappropriate behavior reflects the _____ symptoms of schizophrenia. reactive negative positive

_increase_

If one has a parent or sibling with depression or bipolar disorder, one's chances of also having depression or bipolar disorder: decrease. are not influenced by familial genetics. increase. stays the same.

_psychiatrist_

Lindsey is a physician who specializes in the treatment of psychological disorders. She is an MD and can prescribe medication. Lindsey is MOST likely a: counselor. psychiatric social worker. clinical psychologist. psychiatrist.

_last for two or more weeks_

Major depressive disorder is characterized by signs such as lethargy, feelings of worthlessness, and loss of interest in family, friends, and activities. To be diagnosed with major depressive disorder, these signs must: alternate with symptoms of mania. be caused by a medical condition. last for two or more weeks. last for one week.

_Women are more likely to suffer from depression_

A psychologist gets an e-mail referral from a prospective client whose name is Devon. Devon complains of stress, fatigue, and apathy. The psychologist asks if Devon is male or female. Why did the psychologist consider this important to know? Men are more likely to experience anger outbursts under these circumstances. Women are more likely to experience anxiety. Men are more likely to suffer from depression under these circumstances. Women are more likely to suffer from depression.

anorexia nervosa.

Although she is underweight, Lindsey is extremely afraid of becoming obese. She often checks her body in the mirror for any signs of fat and refuses to eat most foods because she insists they are fatty or high in calories. Lindsey MOST clearly demonstrates symptoms of: anorexia nervosa. a phobia. bulimia nervosa. binge-eating disorder.

_twice as

As compared to people living in other nations, people living in the United States are _____ likely to be diagnosed with bipolar disorder. less twice as equally four times as

_an earlier onset of symptoms_

As compared with women who develop schizophrenia, men who develop the disorder have: predominantly motor symptoms. a late onset of symptoms. predominantly positive symptoms. an earlier onset of symptoms.

_clinical psychologist_

Ashley has a master's degree. Based on this information alone, Ashley is NOT a: counselor. psychiatric social worker. clinical psychologist. clinical social worker.

_social

Avoiding eating in public, speaking up in public, and going to parties is characteristic of _____ anxiety disorder. persistent social generalized dissociative

_She should not tell them she was in a psychiatric hospital. Many people react negatively to those labeled _mentally ill._

Lynette is released after a four-week stay at a psychiatric hospital. She needs to find an apartment near her job because she cannot afford a car. When she talks to potential landlords, how should she describe herself? negative attitudes toward those labeled "mentally ill" only exist in Western Europe, so she does not need to worry about telling potential landlords she was in a psychiatric hospital. She should tell them she was in a psychiatric hospital. Many people react more positively and empathically toward those labeled "mentally ill." It is against the law for her to not disclose that she was in a mental hospital. She should not tell them she was in a psychiatric hospital. Many people react negatively to those labeled "mentally ill."

Not good; the slow progression of symptom development suggests he will probably never fully recover.

Marcus is a young male recently diagnosed with schizophrenia. His symptoms, however, developed over a long period of time. According to the research available on schizophrenia, what are the chances that he will recover? Good; the slow progression of symptom development suggests he will recover quickly. Not good; the slow progression of symptom development suggests he will probably never fully recover. Not good; while full recovery may be doubtful, Marcus may have symptom-free periods. Good; most cases of schizophrenia resolve on their own.

_cognitive therapy_

Patrick suffers from depression. Whenever something bad happens, he tends to blame himself or overgeneralizes the extent of the situation. To address Patrick's depression, his therapist is attempting to teach him more adaptive ways of thinking. The therapist's approach is MOST representative of: systematic desensitization. psychoanalysis. insight therapies. cognitive therapy.

mania

Which symptom is NOT diagnostic of schizophrenia? catatonia mania hallucinations delusions

_light exposure therapy

Which technique is effective in the treatment of a seasonal depressive pattern? repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation eye movement desensitization and reprocessing light exposure therapy electroconvulsive therapy

obsessive-compulsive

_____ disorder is characterized by a person having repetitive thoughts that may lead to repetitive actions.

_Psychoanalysis

_____ is the therapeutic technique developed by _____. The goal of this type of therapy is to help patients gain insight into repressed impulses and conflicts. Psychoanalysis; Sigmund Freud Client-centered therapy; Carl Rogers Dialectical behavior therapy; Marsha Linehan Cognitive therapy; Aaron Beck

_Cognitive-behavioral

_____ therapy makes people aware of their irrational negative thinking and trains them to react more positively in everyday settings. Humanistic Psychoanalytic Cognitive-behavioral

_dissociative identity disorder

Artie has been arrested for grand theft auto. He claims that it was not him and that he knows nothing about the crime, as another one of his personalities must have done it. The court-appointed psychiatrist knows immediately that Artie does not suffer from _____, as the original personality generally denies awareness of the others. multiple personality disorder dissociative identity disorder schizophrenia bipolar disorder

_behavior conditioning

As a parent, Wendy is skeptical of treatments that sound too good to be true. When she arrives at the psychologist's office, she asks about effective treatment for bed-wetting because her 6-year-old son has been having difficulties. She learns that _____ is the empirically supported treatment. psychodynamic therapy family therapy cognitive therapy behavior conditioning

_three times

In North America, young adults are _____ as likely as their grandparents to have suffered from depression. five times half three times twice

family

Marina's therapy with a 15-year-old patient has been going well, but the patient tends to bottle up her feelings when discussing her relationship with her mother. Marina believes that the patient can benefit from her family's involvement, which will promote positive communication. Today's session brings together Marina's patient and her parents. Marina is engaging in _____ therapy.

_the label itself may create a self-fulfilling prophecy_

One of the negative outcomes of giving a person a psychiatric diagnosis is that a person may then live up to others' expectations. This means that: a person will develop expectations of himself or herself. a person will work hard to improve his or her life. the label itself may create a self-fulfilling prophecy. a person will believe others expect things of him or her.

Bipolar

_____ disorder consists of states of sadness alternating with periods of overexcited hyperactivity. Bipolar Dissociative identity Major depressive Generalized anxiety