Unit 7 Global Climate Change

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Albedo

Ability of a surface to reflect light

Global warming potential includes consideration of which of the following variables?

Ability to absorb infrared radiation

Average temperatures have been & are expected to continue increasing the most in

Arctic

H2O (water)

Evaporation from natural resources

Greenhouse gases

Gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, water vapor, tropospheric ozone & chlorofluorocarbons in the atmosphere which absorb & re-radiate heat energy

Which of the following accurately describes the greenhouse effect?

It prevents infrared radiation from escaping into space.

Climate change

Measurable changes in weather patterns based primarily on changes in the earth's atmospheric temperature averaged over a period of at least 30 years

Which greenhouse gas is emitted from bacterial breakdown of fertilizers and animal manure?

N2O

Greenhouse effect

Natural effect that traps heat energy in the troposphere; Greenhouse gases absorb heat energy radiated by earth's surface, increasing surface temperatures

Climate

The average weather conditions in an area over a long period of time (30 years or more)

Which country/region has produced the greatest cumulative carbon emissions since 1750?

US

N2O (nitrous oxide)

bacterial levels in soil, fertilizers, breakdown of live stock waste, burning vehicle fuels

CO2 (carbon dioxide)

burning fossil fuels and forests, respiration, volcanos, and manufacturing of cement

Which of the following are NOT significant anthropogenic sources of carbon dioxide?

landfills

Which greenhouse gas is emitted from the combustion of biomass, such as forests and organic waste?

carbon dioxide

Which country produces the most carbon dioxide emissions annually?

china

Which of the following is the only anthropogenic greenhouse gas?

chlorofluorocarbons

Which of the following is NOT a significant anthropogenic source of methane?

decomposition of clearcut forests

Which 2 economic sectors contribute most to annual greenhouse gas emissions in the US?

electricity and transportation

The majority of modern greenhouse gas emissions come from which activity?

fossil fuels

Tropospheric ozone (O3)

from smog/human activities; not from ozone layer; oxygen gas in atmosphere, interactions of air pollutants

Which greenhouse gas is most common on our planet & most rapidly moves through the atmosphere?

h2o

Which of the following has the highest albedo?

ice and snow

Diffusion of excess atmospheric carbon dioxide into the ocean causes

inability of corals & mollusks to create shells

CH4 (methane)

livestock, landfills, production of fossil fuels, melting of permafrost, swamps, and wetlands (anaerobic bacteria activity)

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

made in lab; man made; industrial uses; air conditioners, electrical equipment

Throughout Earth's history, climate changes have typically been caused by all of these EXCEPT

migration of species among landmasses

Global warming potential

the relative ability of one molecule of a greenhouse gas to contribute to warming

Weather

the state of the atmosphere at a place and time as regards heat, dryness, sunshine, wind, rain, etc.

Climate change tipping points

those thresholds beyond which natural systems could change for hundreds to thousands of years, with possibly catastrophic effects.

Aerosols

tiny solid particles or liquid droplets that remain suspended in the atmosphere for a long time; can cause cooling in upper atmosphere as they reflect light energy or warming in lower atmosphere

Ocean acidification

when CO2 dissolves in seawater, it reacts with water to form carbonic acid, which lowers ocean pH; Causes structural problems to coral skeletons & shells & skeletons of aquatic organisms such as crabs, oysters & some phytoplankton


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