UNIT 7 Practice Test PART 2
The case of University of California Regents v. Bakke concerned which of the following issues?
The constitutionality of policies made to correct racial injustice
During his presidency, Richard Nixon did which of the following?
Ended American participation in the war in Vietnam
Which of the following statements about George Wallace's third-party presidential campaign in 1968 is correct?
He appealed to many middle-class voters upset by the civil disobedience associated with the Civil Rights and antiwar demonstrations.
Which of the following is true of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965?
It eliminated the quotas based on national origins adopted in the 1920s
The 1979 incident at Three Mile Island had which of the following effects?
It increased support for the movement against nuclear power.
Which of the following statements about the emergence of rock and roll music as a part of 1950's popular culture in the United States is true?
It relied heavily on Black musical traditions.
Which of the following was true of women in the five years following the Second World War? Correct Answer
Large numbers left their industrial jobs to make room for returning soldiers.
The Supreme Court case of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka directly contradicted the legal principle established by
Plessy v. Ferguson
"SECTION 3. The President in every possible instance shall consult with Congress before introducing United States Armed Forces into hostilities or into situation where imminent involvement in hostilities is clearly indicated by the circumstances" Which of the following developments best explains the passage of the excerpted law?
Presidents deepened United States military engagement in Vietnam without a declaration of war.
Which of the following was a key difference between the Korean War and the Vietnam War?
Public opposition was more significant for the Vietnam War than for the Korean War.
Which of the following was most responsible for bringing to an end Senator Joseph McCarthy's anticommunist campaign?
Television audiences witnessed his manner of leveling unsubstantiated charges.
The increased culture of consumerism during the 1950s was most similar to developments in which of the following earlier periods?
The 1920s
Kent State University was the site in 1970 of which of the following events?
An antiwar demonstration in which four students were killed by members of the National Guard
Which of the following long-term developments in the twentieth century most influenced the passage of new immigration laws in 1965?
The increased international and domestic pressures for the United States to remove discriminatory barriers
Which of the following best illustrates the conservative backlash of the late 1960s and early 1970s?
The presidential elections of 1968 and 1972
In the decade following the Second World War, the Supreme Court decision that had the most widespread consequences concerned which of the following?
The rights of minority groups
Lyndon B. Johnson's Great Society included all of the following EXCEPT
a universal health care program
In her influential 1962 work Silent Spring, Rachel Carson warned
about the dangerous impact of pesticides
In Miranda v. Arizona (1966), the Supreme Court ruled that
arrested persons must be informed of their rights
The National Organization for Women (NOW) was founded in 1966 in order to
challenge sex discrimination in the workplace
"The wonderful advantage that American women have is that we can have all the rewards of that number-one career, and still moonlight with a second one to suit our intellectual, cultural, or financial tastes or needs." Schlafly's argument in the excerpt responded most directly to the
change in the structure of families
The support for former Alabama governor George Wallace in the 1968 presidential campaign best illustrates the
exploitation of race as a national political issue
A development related to the overall trend from 1960 to 1980 depicted on the graph was the
increase in public concern regarding air and water quality
The Civil Rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s successfully eliminated
legal segregation
Malcolm X's statement suggests that he strongly agreed with
radical leftist movements
Students staged a sit-in in Greensboro, North Carolina, in 1960 to protest
segregation of public facilities
The New Look military, brinksmanship, and massive retaliation were all instances of
shifts to a more confrontational stance toward the Soviet Union during the early years of the Cold War
The central point of the 1960s cartoon above was that
the cost of the Vietnam War limited the President's ability to carry out domestic programs
The 1970's and the 1980's saw an increase in all of the following EXCEPT
the percentage of two-parent households
"The reason why we find ourselves in a position of impotency is not because our only powerful potential enemy has sent men to invade our shores...but rather because of the traitorous actions of those who have been treated so well by this Nation." Joseph McCarthy's investigative tactics found support among many Americans because
there was widespread fear of communist infiltration of the United States
Which of the following migration patterns had the greatest impact on United States society in the 1950s?
Migration of Americans from urban centers to the suburbs
The pattern described in the excerpt of Americans who "got married, moved to the suburbs, and had babies" most directly contributed to which of the following long-term developments?
The rise of youth rebellion through the counterculture
"The systematic exclusion of persons of Mexican descent from service as jury commissioners, grand jurors, and petit jurors in the Texas county in which petitioner was indicted and tried for murder, although there were a substantial number of such persons in the county fully qualified to serve, deprived petitioner, a person of Mexican descent, of the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment, and his conviction in a state court is reversed." Mexican American activism in the 1950s and 1960s was most directly inspired by which of the following?
The tactics and goals of the African American Civil Rights movement
The presidency of Jimmy Carter (1977-1981) was plagued by which of the following foreign policy issues?
The taking of American hostages in Iran
"Current sit-ins and other demonstrations are concerned with something much bigger than a hamburger.... Whatever may be the difference in approach to their goal... students, North and South, are seeking to rid America of the scourge of... discrimination—not only at lunch counters, but in every aspect of life." The tactics described in the excerpt best represent which of the following?
Using nonviolence
The chart above illustrates the effect of President Richard Nixon's policy of
Vietnamization
The policy of containment, justified by George Kennan's 1947 analysis of the international situation, called for
blocking the expansion of the Soviet Union's influence
During the decade of the 1960's, young people, Black people, American Indians, Hispanic Americans, and women were among the groups protesting various aspects of American society. All of the following were protested against by one or more of these following groups EXCEPT the
excessive cost of the social security system
In The Feminine Mystique, Betty Friedan argued that women
experienced a discrepancy between the reality and the public image of their lives
The decade of the 1970s was marked by all of the following economic conditions in the United States EXCEPT
increased labor union membership among autoworkers
African American pressure prompted President Harry Truman to advance civil rights by
issuing Executive Order 9981 desegregating the armed forces
The "Declaration of Constitutional Principles" (Southern Manifesto) of 1956 and George Wallace's campaigns for the presidency in 1968 and 1972 all endorsed
keeping the federal government out of state matters
Betty Friedan's best-selling book of the 1960s observed that
many middle-class housewives and mothers felt frustration and a lack of fulfillment
In the mid-1950s, President Eisenhower's argument for federal funding of highway construction emphasized
national defense
When the Soviet Union successfully launched the first artificial satellite Sputnik in 1957, Congress responded by
passing the National Defense Education Act
The principal reason for the formation of the Dixiecrat party in 1948 was the opposition of dissident Democrats to President Truman's
proposal for civil rights legislation
At the time the excerpts were written, Martin Luther King, Jr., disagreed with Malcolm X in that King believed that
the most desirable outcome of Civil Rights activism would be equal rights and racial integration
The festival near Woodstock, New York, in 1969 is most closely associated with the
counterculture
The situation depicted in the cartoon came into existence as a result of the pursuit of which of the following policy goals?
Containment of communism
Which of the following describes the trend in crude oil imports to the United States from 1950 to 1970 as depicted in the graph?
Crude oil imports rose gradually until reaching half a billion barrels in 1970
Which of the following describes the trend in crude oil imports to the United States between 1970 and 1980 as depicted in the graph?
Crude oil imports rose rapidly and then declined to about 2 billion barrels in 1980
"I am convinced that if we are to get on the right side of the world revolution, we as a nation must undergo a radical revolution of values. We must rapidly begin...the shift from a thing-oriented society to a person-oriented society." King's ideas in the excerpt most directly represent which of the following shifts in thinking among Civil Rights leaders in the second half of the 1960s?
Deepening concerns about persistence of inequality
"One of the tragedies of the struggle against racism is that up to now there has been no national organization which could speak to the growing militancy of young black people in the urban ghetto. There has been only a civil rights movement whose tone of voice was adapted to an audience of liberal whites. It served as a sort of buffer zone between them and angry young blacks. . . ." The ideas expressed in the excerpt arose most directly in reaction to which of the following?
Discrimination and disenfranchisement that continued despite legislative gains
The sentiments expressed in the excerpt best reflect which of the following divisions within the Civil Rights movement?
Frustrations among Civil Rights activists that social and political change was not occurring fast enough
"Current sit-ins and other demonstrations are concerned with something much bigger than a hamburger.... Whatever may be the difference in approach to their goal... students, North and South, are seeking to rid America of the scourge of... discrimination—not only at lunch counters, but in every aspect of life." The excerpt best serves as evidence of which of the following developments during the 1960s?
Growing pressure to eliminate racial inequalities in society
Which of the following was a major effect of the passage of the Immigration Act of 1965?
Immigration from Asia increased significantly.
"One of the tragedies of the struggle against racism is that up to now there has been no national organization which could speak to the growing militancy of young black people in the urban ghetto. There has been only a civil rights movement whose tone of voice was adapted to an audience of liberal whites. It served as a sort of buffer zone between them and angry young blacks. . . ." The ideas expressed in the excerpt could best be used to support which of the following perspectives at the time?
Integration should be rejected as the primary goal of the African American rights movement.
Which of the following was a reason for the patterns depicted on the map?
Many counties and states actively resisted implementing the Supreme Court's ruling in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka.
The Supreme Court decision on Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka essentially reversed which of the following earlier Court decisions?
Plessy v. Ferguson
Which of the following developments is the most direct effect of the situation portrayed in the image?
Reduced public trust in the federal government and the president
What conclusions about school segregation in 1954 can be drawn from the map above?
School segregation was a national problem, not one confined to a single region.
"We are people of this generation, bred in at least modest comfort, housed now in universities.... Freedom and equality for each individual, government of, by, and for the people—these American values we found good" Which of the following most directly contributed to the sentiments expressed in the excerpt?
Social inequalities exposed during the Civil Rights movement
Which of the following civil rights groups is NOT correctly matched with one of its leading figures?
Southern Christian Leadership Conference . . Marcus Garvey
"For each of us, as for the robin in Michigan or the salmon in the Miramichi, this is a problem of ecology, of interrelationships, of interdependence." Which of the following developments contributed most directly to the conditions described in the excerpt?
The growth of suburban housing on previously undeveloped land
"No thoughtful person can question that the American economic system is under broad attack. This varies in scope, intensity, in the techniques employed, and in the level of visibility. "There always have been some who opposed the American system. . . ."But what now concerns us is quite new in the history of America. We are not dealing with sporadic or isolated attacks from a relatively few extremists or even from the minority socialist cadre. Rather, the assault on the enterprise system is broadly based and consistently pursued. . . ." Those who shared Powell's perspective most likely opposed which of the following developments in the United States?
The creation of social welfare and regulatory agencies under the New Deal and Great Society
The "graying" of America since the 1970s is widely seen as threatening which of the following?
The long-term viability of the social security system
The 1950s picture above shows what some social critics believed to be
a representation of the conformity of postwar culture
"[W]e must, by means of a rapid and sustained build-up of the political, economic, and military strength of the free world, and by means of an affirmative program intended to wrest the initiative from the Soviet Union, confront it with convincing evidence of the determination and ability of the free world to frustrate the Kremlin design of a world dominated by its will." The excerpt most directly reflects the United States efforts to
build an international security system
A United States response to the successful orbiting of Sputnik in 1957 was to
expand federal aid into education
"The Communist parties, which were very small in all these Eastern States of Europe, have been raised to preeminence and power far beyond their numbers and are seeking everywhere to obtain totalitarian control." An important way in which the situation described in the excerpt was significant was that it
highlighted a view of communism as an authoritarian threat
"Current sit-ins and other demonstrations are concerned with something much bigger than a hamburger.... Whatever may be the difference in approach to their goal... students, North and South, are seeking to rid America of the scourge of... discrimination—not only at lunch counters, but in every aspect of life." The events described in the excerpt contributed most directly to the
passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
Trust in the effectiveness of the United States government declined in the 1970s most directly in response to the
revelation of political scandals in the executive branch
Major domestic developments in the United States during President Eisenhower's two terms included all of the following EXCEPT
the dismantling of New Deal welfare programs
Which of the following explains the context for United States economic development between 1950 and the early 1970s?
Low unemployment encouraged American optimism about economic growth.
Whyte's concern in the excerpt for "the pressures of the group, the frustrations of individual creativity" best provides evidence for which of the following developments in the 1950s?
The emphasis on conformity in suburban communities
"A shadow has fallen upon the scenes so lately lighted by the Allied victory. Nobody knows what Soviet Russia and its Communist international organization intends to do in the immediate future, or what are the limits, if any, to their expansive and proselytizing tendencies. . . . It is my duty . . . to place before you certain facts about the present position in Europe." The fact that a former British prime minister expressed the ideas in the excerpt to an audience in the United States helped promote which of the following?
The participation of both Britain and the United States in an international collective security system
"The Moral Majority, Christian Voice, and other groups of the 1970s and 1980s had a far broader issue agenda than their predecessors. The core agenda involved opposition to abortion, civil rights protection for gays and lesbians, and the ERA [Equal Rights Amendment to the Constitution, which would have guaranteed equal rights for women], and support for school prayer and tuition tax credits for religious schools." The excerpt most directly reflects which change in United States society during the 1970s and 1980s?
The rise of political activism among evangelicals
The Stonewall riots of 1969 were significant because they
led to the birth of gay rights organizations around the country
In the 1960s, the policy referenced in the image was
overturned by the passage of new legislation
"For each of us, as for the robin in Michigan or the salmon in the Miramichi, this is a problem of ecology, of interrelationships, of interdependence. We poison the caddis flies in the stream and the salmon runs dwindle and die. . . ." Carson's argument in the excerpt most strongly influenced the
passage of new laws to reduce pollution
The high inflation rates of the late 1960s and early 1970s were due in part to
spending on social-welfare programs and the Vietnam War
The image most directly illustrates a United States foreign policy that emphasized
stopping the spread of communism in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East
All of the following were crises during Dwight D. Eisenhower's presidency EXCEPT
the Soviet Union blockading river, road, and rail traffic into West Berlin
During the 1970s and 1980s, the New Right appealed strongly to all of the following groups EXCEPT those who were
urban African Americans
"It is logical that the United States should do whatever it is able to do to assist in the return of normal economic health in the world, without which there can be no political stability and no assured peace." The Marshall Plan most directly resulted from which of the following?
A foreign policy based on the collective security of noncommunist nations
The ideas expressed in the memo were most consistent with which of the following foreign policy beliefs after 1945?
A global capitalist economy led by the United States would help stabilize the international system.
Which of the following best characterizes the goals of Martin Luther King, Jr.?
A peaceful integration of the races in all areas of society
The rock n' roll of Elvis Presley, Jerry Lee Lewis, and the Rolling Stones derived primarily from
African American rhythm and blues
Which of the following was a similarity between Eisenhower's and Kennedy's arguments in the excerpts?
Both asserted that communism was a threat to the United States national security
"The systematic exclusion of persons of Mexican descent from service as jury commissioners, grand jurors, and petit jurors in the Texas county in which petitioner was indicted and tried for murder, although there were a substantial number of such persons in the county fully qualified to serve, deprived petitioner, a person of Mexican descent, of the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment, and his conviction in a state court is reversed." Which of the following most directly contributed to the emergence of Mexican American activism in the 1950s and 1960s?
Changing immigration policies and patterns
"I am convinced that if we are to get on the right side of the world revolution, we as a nation must undergo a radical revolution of values. We must rapidly begin...the shift from a thing-oriented society to a person-oriented society. When machines and computers, profit motives and property rights are considered more important than people, the giant triplets of racism, extreme materialism, and militarism are incapable of being conquered." The reference to "the world revolution" in the excerpt most directly refers to which of the following developments in international affairs following the Second World War?
Decolonization and the emergence of nationalist movements in Asia and Africa
"One of the tragedies of the struggle against racism is that up to now there has been no national organization which could speak to the growing militancy of young black people in the urban ghetto. There has been only a civil rights movement whose tone of voice was adapted to an audience of liberal whites. It served as a sort of buffer zone between them and angry young blacks. . . ." Which of the following resulted most directly from the ideas expressed in the excerpt?
Growing opposition among Civil Rights activists to Democratic political leaders who supported the status quo
Which of the following statements is correct about the rise of Senator Joseph R. McCarthy to national prominence?
He effectively played on the fears of Americans that communists had infiltrated the State Department and other federal agencies.
"The whole success of the proposed program hangs ultimately on recognition by this Government, the American people, and all free peoples, that the cold war is in fact a real war in which the survival of the free world is at stake.... The prosecution of the program will require of us all the ingenuity, sacrifice, and unity demanded by the vital importance of the issue and the tenacity to persevere until our national objectives have been attained." Which of the following United States actions most directly resulted from the goals expressed in the excerpt?
Intervention in the conflict in Korea
"The National Progressive Party, committed to the principle of government by a self-controlled democracy expressing its will through representatives of the people, pledges itself to secure such alterations in the fundamental law of the several States and of the United States as shall insure the representative character of the government." Progressivism, as described in the excerpt, has the most in common with which of the following later domestic policy initiatives?
President Lyndon Johnson's protection of voting rights during the Great Society
"Sec 2. The Senator from Wisconsin, Mr. McCarthy . . . in stating to the public press on November 13, 1954, that the chairman of the Select Committee (Mr. Watkins) was guilty of 'the most unusual, most cowardly things I've ever heard of' and . . . in characterizing the said committee as the 'unwitting handmaiden,' 'involuntary agent' and 'attorneys-in-fact' of the Communist Party and in charging that the said committee in writing its report 'imitated Communist methods'" Rhetoric in the excerpt would most likely have been interpreted as promoting which of the following policies?
Rejecting tactics used to expose alleged communists in the government
The controversy over school busing during the early 1970s best exemplifies which of the following historical patterns?
Resistance to racial desegregation
"Freedom is indivisible, and when one man is enslaved, all are not free. When all are free, then we can look forward to that day when this city will be joined as one and this country and this great continent of Europe in a peaceful and hopeful globe." Kennedy's strategies expressed in the excerpt have the most in common with which of the following?
Ronald Reagan's rhetoric about the Soviet Union in the 1980s
Which of the following best describes the historic situation in the 1960s that prompted the emergence of social and political reform movements such as the Black Panther Party?
The United States became increasingly divided as conflicts within and between liberal and conservative movements intensified.
Which of the following best describes an interpretation of the overall trend in the graph of United States crude oil consumption between 1950 and 1980 ?
The United States became more dependent on imports of crude oil in this period.
"Modern technology and opportunity have not discovered any nobler or more satisfying or more creative career for a woman than marriage and motherhood." The ideas in the excerpt about women's roles in society have the most in common with ideas associated with which of the following?
The greater separation of home and workplace during the first decades of the nineteenth century
Which of the following most directly contributed to the developments Eisenhower warned "we must guard against"?
The growth of the nuclear arsenal
"To the extent that we now rely on the police, mace, the National Guard, tear gas, steel fences and a wringing of hands, we will fail. What we need is a reappraisal of our own middle-class selves, our worth and our hard-won progress. We need to use disdain, not mace" The historical development described in the excerpt can best be explained by which of the following related developments?
The persistence of economic and racial disparity in the United States
In which of the following ways did public attitudes toward the Civil Rights movement change as a result of sentiments such as those expressed in the excerpt?
White approval declined as a result of the perception that aggressive policies like those of the Black Panthers resulted in urban unrest.
The announced purpose of the Marshall Plan was to
aid the economic recovery of the war-torn Europe
The main goal of the Marshall Plan was to
finance the economic reconstruction of Western Europe
In an influential 1947 article, diplomat George F. Kennan advocated that the United States should
focus its foreign policy on containing the spread of Soviet communism
The cartoon was primarily a response to the
growing debate over the Vietnam War