Unit 7 Review
In the Initiation phase of DNA replication, which of the following occurs?
A )Enzymes separate the two DNA strands B) the two original strands are bound to their own, finished, complementary strands C) The non-complementary strand of DNA is dissolved by enzymes D) DNA polymerase brings in matching nucleotides Ans: A
Transcription and translation differ in that:
A )transcription produces protein and translation produces mRNA B) transcription produces mRNA and translation produces polypeptides C) transcription produces DNA and translation produces tRNA D) transcription produces mRNA and translation produces DNA Ans: B
Mitosis functions to create ____ cells from ____ parent cell(s).
A) 1 ... 2 B) 4 ... 2 C) 4 .... 1 D) 2 ... 1 Ans: D
The head naturally loses ____ hairs daily.
A) 500 B) 100 C) 10 D) 50 Ans: D
What is meant by a muscle "twitch"?
A) A hormonal cascade from the Endocrine system resulting in a new muscle innervation B) A group of intense contractions caused by a motor unit in the smooth muscle C) An isolated contraction caused by a single action potential from a motor neuron D) Muscle fibers contracting in a wave-like motion as they continue through a limb Ans: C
What is a multipolar cell?
A) A soma with one process B) Multiple ganglia serving a multiple neurons C) A soma with one axon and multiple dendrites D) Ganglion with several axons Ans: C
Lifting an arm laterally away from the body is a movement termed:
A) Abduction B) Adduction C) Rotation D) Circumduction Ans: A
Which of the following cells in connective tissue are not fixed in place?
A) Adipocytes B) Macrophages C) Mesenchyma D) Fibrycytes Ans: B
The size of a motor unit is dependent on:
A) All motor units are the same size B) The number of motor neurons C) The angle of the joint of the skeletal muscles involved D) The amount of muscle tension required Ans: D
The chromosomes lining up on the imaginary center line of the cell occurs during which stage of Mitosis?
A) Anaphase B) Prophase C) Telophase D) Metaphase Ans: D
This type of cell releases histamine when damaged or irritated in order to cause vasodilation, swelling, and redness at the site of injury.
A) Areolar cells B) Adipocytes C) Macrophage cell D) Mast cell Ans: D
Inflammation and swelling of the joints due to aging or injury is termed
A) Arteriosus B) Auriculitis C) Arthritis D) Articulosis Ans: C
Why aren't lysosome enzymes harmful to a cell?
A) Because they only break down lipids B) Because they are deactivated by hydrogen peroxide C) Because they are enclosed in a membrane D) Because their proteins don't break down cellular components Ans: C
What is present in the ventricles of the brain that cushion it and protect it from injury, as well as provides nourishment to the brain?
A) Blood B) Meninges C) Lymphatic fluid D) Cerebrospinal fluid Ans: D
Tendons attach ____ , while ligament attach ____.
A) Bones to muscles and other structures ... bones to bones B) Muscles to bones ... epithelium to muscle C) Bones to bones ... muscles to muscles D) Muscles to connective tissue ... bones to bones Ans: A
What is the complementary DNA sequence to the following: AGTGGCTA?
A) CTAGGTAG B) TAGCCACT C) ACATTGAT D) TCACCGAT Ans: D
Hematopoietic tissue in the bone marrow is responsible for forming:
A) Cartilage B) Osteocytes C) Adipocytes D) Erythrocytes E) Lipocytes Ans: D
Microtubules and microfilaments help to compose the ____.
A) Cell membrane B) Cytoskeleton C) Nucleus D) Nucleolus Ans: B
At the end of Telophase, the new daughter cells are created by splitting the parent cell with a ____.
A) Cell plate B) Desmosome C) Cell wall D) Cleavage furrow Ans: D
Interpreting sensory information from the periphery and spinal cord, and regulating balance and coordination is the:
A) Cerebrum B) Midbrain C) Brain stem D) Cerebellum Ans: D
Dermicidin is a(n):
A) Chemical produced by inured skin B) Anticoagulant found in deep veins and arteries C) Antimicrobial peptide released by the sweat glands D) Hormone found in endocrine glands Ans: C
The entire complement of an organism's DNA is termed a(n) ____
A) Chromatids B) Genome C) Gene D) Chromosomes Ans: B
Turning the knee inward is a movement termed:
A) Circumduction B) Medial rotation C) Supination D) Lateral adduction Ans: B
The nitrogenous bases of nucleic acids are joined together by ____ bonds.
A) Covalent B) Hydrogen C) Ionic D) Peptide Ans: B
The presence of hair in the nose and ears functions to:
A) Create new mucinocytes B) Supporting new keratinocytes C) Trap and remove airborne dust particles and allergens D) Retain heat for thermoregulation Ans: C
The liquid, jelly-like portion within the cell is called the ____.
A) Cytosol B) Nucleus C) Endoplasmic reticulum D) Golgi apparatus Ans: A
In the elongation stage of Transcription, which enzyme is responsible for adding new nucleotides to the growing mRNA strand?
A) DNA polymerase B) DNA unwindase C) RNA polymerase D) RNA helicase Ans: C
Loose connective tissue differs from dense connective tissue in that:
A) Dense connective tissue is reinforced by bundles of fibers B) Loose connective tissue is composed of tightly organized fibers C) Loose connective tissue contains a rigid, calcified matrix D) Dense connective tissue provides strength to the body and protects soft tissues Ans: A
Oligodendrocytes function to:
A) Destroy old or damaged neurons B) Move electrical transmissions toward a synapse C) Make new neurons in the Central nervous system D) Insulate axons in myelin Ans: D
The external and internal carotid arteries supply the _____ with oxygen-rich blood.
A) Diaphragm and peritoneum B) Neck and upper limbs C) Thoracic cavity D) Cranium and brain Ans: D
Pointing the toes outward laterally is an example of:
A) Elevation B) Protraction C) Dorsiflexion D) Eversion Ans: D
Which type of cell is responsible for producing cerebrospinal fluid?
A) Ependymocytes B) Chondrocytes C) Erythrocytes D) Myocytes Ans: A
The most abundant type of cartilage found in the rib cage and nose is:
A) Fibrous B) Elastic C) Hyaline D) Reticular Ans: C
The movement of touching the thumb to the tip of a finger is termed:
A) Flexion B) Opposition C) Inversion D) Circumduction Ans: B
Protraction of the jaw is characterized by:
A) Forward motion of the cranium anteriorly B) Rotation of the neck muscles laterally C) Forward motion of the mandible and the lower jaw sticking out D) Lowering the mandible to open the mouth Ans: C
The diencephalon is comprised of the _____ and _____.
A) Frontal and occipital cerebral lobes B) Cerebrum and cerebellum C) Somatic and autonomic nervous systems D) Thalamus and hypothalamus Ans: D
Which of the following function as myelin-generating structures?
A) Glial cells B) Lipocytes C) Axons D) Nodes of Ranvier Ans: A
Which of the following organelles is not part of the endomembrane system?
A) Golgi apparatus B) Ribosomes C) Lysosomes D) Endoplasmic reticulum E) Mitochondria Ans: B
Where is the left visual field processed in the brain?
A) In the right visual cortex B) In the left visual cortex C) On the medial right retina D) In the optic chaism Ans: A
Where does visual processing occur in the brain?
A) In the sulci and gyri B) In the pons and brainstem C) In the cerebellar somatosensory cortex D) In the temporal and parietal lobes Ans: D
When the body is laying on the floor facing upwards, it is in ____ position.
A) Inversion B) Supine C) Flexion D) Prone Ans: B
The prime mover of the facial muscle that is responsible for flaring of the nostrils is the:
A) Levator labii superioris B) Corrugator supercilii C) Occipito-frontalis D) Nasalis Ans: D
The diencephalon functions primarily to:
A) Limit the rate of autonomic functions B) Connect the cerebrum to the rest of the nervous system components C) Regulate the perception of pain D) Mediate nervous system response to muscle tone Ans: B
One of the functions of Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is ____.
A) Lipid synthesis B) Carbohydrate synthesis C) Protein synthesis D) Nucleic acid synthesis Ans: A
The cells of cartilage are termed:
A) Lipocytes B) Osteocytes C) Adipocytes D) Chondrocytes Ans: D
The term "homunculus" refers to:
A) Locations of the body mapped out in the cerebral cortex B) Physical areas of the cerebellum and their corresponding motor neurons C) A condition of merged brainstem and pons D) The space between the cerebral hemispheres where connections occur Ans: A
The connective tissue containing leukocytes and a liquid matrix is:
A) Lymph B) Pus C) Interstitial fluid D) Blood Ans: A
The area of the brain most influential on the autonomic nervous system and endocrine secretions is the:
A) Medulla B) Brain stem C) Cerebellum D) Hypothalamus Ans: D
Which type of connective tissue cells store lipids?
A) Mesenchymal cells B) Macrophages C) Mast cells D) Adipocytes Ans: D
The end result of Mitosis occurs after the division of the cytoplasm and ____.
A) Metaphase B) DNA replication C) Cytokinesis D) Mutation Ans: C
Axons entering the dorsal nerve root of the vertebral column transmit signals from:
A) Motor neurons B) Skeletal muscle C) The ventral nerve root D) Sensory input Ans: D
Differentiation refers to:
A) Moving daughter cells from Mitosis to their opposite poles B) The change in morphology and physiology of a cell to a specialized form C) The various functions of the intracellular organelles D) Organs requiring more than one type of cell division Ans: B
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A) Muscle tone decreases with skeletal movement B) Muscle tone decreases to zero when the body is at rest C) Muscle tone during sleep or rest creates complete tetanus D) Muscle tone is always maintained in the body to stabilize joints and maintain posture Ans: D
Hypertonia is a condition characterized by:
A) Muscles with a flaccid appearance B) The complete lack of lactic acid in the muscles C) Excessive muscle tone and reflex responses D) Muscles in an isotonic state Ans: C
A transient ischemic attack (TIA) results in:
A) Necrosis and complete loss of function of the extremities B) The diaphragm does not cause negative pressure to build up in the thorax C) Blood supply to a region is blocked but is later restored D) Oxygen saturation goes above normal levels Ans: C
Adipose, areolar, and reticular tissue are examples of ___ , whereas ligaments and tendons are examples of ___ .
A) Nervous tissue ... muscle tissue B) Muscle tissue ... connective tissue C) Loose connective tissue ... dense connective tissue D) Connective tissue ... epithelial tissue Ans: C
What form do electrical depolarizations take in order to cross a synapse?
A) Neuroglia B) Neurotransmitters C) Buffers D) Hormones Ans: B
Extensions of the cell membranes of neurons are called:
A) Neuroglia B) Soma C) Axons D) Processes Ans: D
Which of the following is a normal result of moving from seated to orthostatic position?
A) No change in heart rate or blood pressure B) Increased heart rate and blood pressure C) Decreased heart rate but increased blood pressure D) Decreased heart rate and blood pressure Ans: B
Mature red blood cells lack ____, and therefore their lifespan is shortened.
A) Nuclei B) Cytosol C) Cell membranes D) Hemoglobin Ans: A
Chromosomes are the condensed form of:
A) Nucleosomes B) Proteins C) Chromatin D) Nucleoli Ans: C
The origin of the facial muscle responsible for smiling is the:
A) Occipital bone B) Maxilla C) Zygomatic bone D) Frontal bone Ans: C
Which of the following cells has a similar function to macrophages of the Immune system?
A) Oligodendrocytes B) Ependymal cells C) Satellite cells D) Microglia Ans: D
A homologous chromosome is composed of:
A) One chromatid from a single parent B) Four chromatids, two from each parent C) Two chromatids, one from each parent D) A tetrad of chromatids from a single parent Ans: C
Sensory topography and mapping refers to:
A) Organizing motor neuron input based on the strength of the sensations B) Recognizing images received by the retinas to the brain C) Identifying the locations of sensory receptors by the somatosensory cortex D) Connections between the ascending and descending tracts in the brainstem Ans: C
The main muscle involved in chewing food is the:
A) Palatoglossus B) Geniohyoid C) Masseter D) Mandibular Ans: C
Genetic material is contained in which cellular component?
A) Peroxisome B) Ribosome C) Nucleolus D) Nucleus Ans: D
Lysosomes are produced in the ____.
A) Peroxisomes B) Nucleolus C) Golgi apparatus D) Mitochondria Ans: C
All sensory neurons, with the exception of olfaction (smell), pass through the _____ before being processed in the cerebrum.
A) Pons B) Brainstem C) Pituitary gland D) Thalamus Ans: D
The main connection between the cerebellum and the brain stem is the:
A) Pons B) Medulla C) Cerebrum D) Diencephalon Ans: A
The nuclear membrane is dissolved during which stage of Mitosis?
A) Prometaphase B) Metaphase C) Prophase D) Telophase E) Anaphase Ans: C
The function of mitochondria is to synthesize ____.
A) Proteins B) Glucose C) ATP D) Lipids Ans: C
A cell's full complement of proteins is called its ____.
A) Proteome B) Transcription factor C) Genome D) Amino acid sequence Ans: A
The synthesis of RNA (ribonucleic acid) is performed by the ____.
A) Ribosomes B) Lysosomes C) Golgi apparatus D) Nucleolus Ans: D
A ballerina pointing her toes downward relies on this movement:
A) Rotation B) Crural inversion C) Dorsiflexion D) Plantar flexion Ans: D
The sweat glands are also called ____ glands.
A) Sebaceous B) Apocrine C) Sudoriferous D) Arrector pili Ans: C
he area where the chromatids of a homologous chromosome are joined is termed the ____.
A) Sister chromatid B) Nonsister chromatid C) Centromere D) Chromatin Ans: C
The ____ moves the chromosomes to each required area in the cell during Mitosis.
A) Spindle B) Cell membrane C) Centromere D) Chromatids Ans: A
The muscle responsible for rotating and tilting the head both side-to-side and forwards is called the:
A) Splenius cervicis B) Transversospinales C) Erector spinae D) Sternocleido-mastoid Ans: D
Closing an open mouth by moving the mandible is an example of:
A) Supination B) Rotation C) Elevation D) Eversion Ans: C
The act of deglutition is also known as:
A) Swallowing B) Speaking C) Laughing D) Coughing Ans: A
The space between neurons that electrical signals must cross to continue nervous transmission is called a(n):
A) System B) Synergy C) Synapse D) Soma Ans: C
The descending tracts of white matter carry _____ from the brain.
A) Temperature regulation B) Motor commands C) Pressure interpretations D) Somatosensory input Ans: B
Getting a haircut does not deter future hair growth because:
A) The blood supply to the scalp is left untouched B) External hairs are composed of a combination of keratin and melanin C) The superficial cut does not damage the hair bulb D) The arrector pili muscles are not involved Ans: C
What is meant by the "blood-brain barrier"?
A) The exchange of oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood in the lungs B) A selectively permeable membrane between blood and the Central nervous system C) Facilitated diffusion of wastes out of the circulatory system D) The meninges of the brain filtering out large proteins Ans: B
In terms of isotonic contractions, a concentric contraction is defined by:
A) The increase in the angle of a skeletal muscle joint B) The lengthening of a muscle to move a load C) Keeping the angle of a skeletal muscle joint stable while the muscle contracts D) The shortening of a muscle to move a load Ans: D
Muscle tension is due to:
A) The relaxation of muscle fibers B) The recycling of actin and troponin C) The shortening of the sarcomeres D) The lengthening of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ans: C
The reason we perceive vision in three-dimensional space is due to:
A) The sclera of the eye being a viscous matter B) The presence of the fovea in the eyeballs C) Monocular and binocular depth cues D) The projection of images upside-down on the retinas Ans: C
Hyperextension occurs when:
A) There is excessive extension of a joint beyond its normal range of motion B) Movement occurs at a joint in a 90 degree angle C) Synovial fluid in a joint decreases and friction increases D) A joint receives damage from interacting with a solid force Ans: A
Isotonic contractions differ from isometric contractions in that:
A) They are common names for the same type of muscle movement B) Isometric contractions do not move a load C) Isotonic contractions increase the tension in the muscle D) Isometric contractions increase the angle of a skeletal muscle joint Ans: C
What is the function of a transcription factor?
A) To bind to genes to either inhibit or promote expression B) To increase the overall rate and occurrence of cell division C) To decrease metabolic function in the mitochondria D) To initiate Mitosis in damaged tissues Ans: A
What is the function of the thalamus?
A) To relay sensory information to the cerebral cortex B) To control hormone secretion in the Endocrine system C) To interpret motor neuron input for the cerebellum D) To merge the senses of taste and smell into a single sensation for the brain Ans: A
During the S phase of the cell's replication cycle, the DNA:
A) Triples B) Is reduced to half a chromosome C) Dissolves into individual nucleotides D) Is replicated once Ans: D
Ligaments and tendons are provided their strength and resilience due to their composition of:
A) ground matrix B) reticular fibers C) lipoprotein D) Collagen Ans: D
The process of Translation requires all of the following except which?
A) tRNA B) DNA C) anticodons D) codons E) mRNA Ans: B
Which of the following cellular components is needed to perform Transcription?
A) tRNA B) Nucleotides C) ribosomes D) mRNA Ans: B
The main difference between a strand of DNA and that of RNA is:
A) they have different sugars as their main backbone of attachment B) DNA is involved in Mitosis, while RNA is involved in Meiosis C) DNA is found in animals, RNA is found in plants D) DNA is single-stranded, RNA is double-stranded Ans: A
The eponychium is:
A)The hair follicle, where the cells of the internal root sheath are found B)The connective layer between the hypodermis and underlying tissue C) The nail bed, where the cuticle meets the lunula D)The basal layer of the gums where teeth germinate Ans: C
What causes a stroke, or cerebrovascular accident (CVA)?
A)mAn increase in pressure in the aorta B) A lower limb thrombosis that travels to the lungs C) A lack of blood flow to the brain cells D) A rupture in the Vena cava Ans: C
Perfusion to the brain is maintained by the:
A)mAorta B) Pulmonary artery C) Vena cava D) Circle of Willis Ans: D
