Unit 8: Programming Languages

FORmula TRANslation (FORTRAN)

One of the first high-level languages developed (announced in 1957) and gain acceptance within a strong computer community. i. Many numerical analysis and statistical packages will be written in FORTRAN.

C++

A programming language; takes C to an object-oriented level. Still a prominent language, help to start two other languages: Java and C#

Ada

A suitable for all development needs, name after Augusta Ada King (1815-1851) i. Features - Structured programming - Object-oriented programming - Generic programming

C

A third-generation imperative language. It was developed as a system programming language to write an operating system. i. Features - Low-Level Access to Memory - A simple set of keywords

What is the difference between an assembler, a compiler, and an interpreter?

An assembler translates low-level assembly code into machine language. A compiler translates high-level programs into machine language. Interpreters execute instructions while they are translated, rather than create an executable file to be run later on.

Java

An object-oriented programming language designed specifically for programs (particularly multimedia) to be used over the Internet. Java allows programmers to create small programs or applications to enhance websites.

What is the difference between declarative statements, imperative statements, and comments? Why do programming languages need all three?

Declarative statements define variable and procedure names that are used later in the program. Imperative statements describe the steps in the underlying algorithms. Comments provide a way for the programmer to explain his/her intent directly in the source code.

Differences to Imperative and Object-Oriented Programming

In the object-oriented approach, the list is different. The list is constructed as an object that hold the list together with a collection of methods for manipulating the list. Instead of sorting the list the way the imperative method does, we asked the program to sort itself out.

Similarities to Imperative and Object-Oriented Programming

Methods within an object are essentially small imperative program units. e.g: The popular oriented-language C++ was developed by added object-oriented features to the imperative language known as C.

C#

This language was developed by Microsoft to be a tool in the .NET framework. i. its' role involves developing software that utilizes the .NET famework