unit d review q's

Psychologist Michael Gazzaniga asked split-brain patients to stare at a dot as he flashed HE·ART on a screen. HE appeared in the left visual field, ART in the right. When asked, patients said they saw

ART

Which of the following fictional research findings is the best evidence against the idea that "our lives are determined by our experiences"?

Babies are born with personalities that are relatively stable throughout their lives.

Those who define intelligence as academic aptitude are most likely to criticize

Gardner's concept of multiple intelligences.

If an image falls on the eye's blind spot, you do not detect it. Which of the following best explains this phenomenon?

The image is not perceived because without receptor cells, transduction cannot occur.

How have gender roles in the United States changed over time?

Traditional masculine or feminine traits are not as significant in mate selection as they were in the past.

When asked to describe a picture that showed two boys stealing cookies behind a woman's back, a patient replied, "Mother is away her working her work to get her better, but when she's looking the two boys looking the other part." Which brain region has most likely been damaged?

Wernicke's area

Intelligence tests were initially designed by Binet and Simon to assess

academic aptitude.

Crystallized intelligence refers most directly to a person's

accumulated knowledge and verbal skills.

The written exam for a driver's license would most likely be considered a(n) ________ test.

achievement

The depolarization of a neural membrane can create a(n)

action potential.

Schizophrenia that develops rapidly, seemingly as a reaction to stress, is called ________ schizophrenia.

acute

The WAIS was designed for testing ________ intelligence, whereas the WISC was designed for testing ________ intelligence.

adults'; children's

What are the molecules that are similar enough to a neurotransmitter to bind to its receptor sites on a dendrite and mimic that neurotransmitter's effects called?

agonists

Sluggishness, tremors, and twitches similar to those of Parkinson's disease are most likely to be associated with the excessive use of certain ________ drugs.

antipsychotic

The cortical regions that are not directly involved in sensory or motor functions are known as

association areas.

In treating alcohol dependency, therapists have clients consume alcohol that contains a nausea-producing drug. This technique is known as

aversive conditioning.

Nerves are neural cables containing many

axons

Because Gretchen is afraid of contracting infectious diseases, she compulsively avoids shaking people's hands or touching doorknobs. Research suggests that an especially effective treatment for her difficulty would involve

behavior therapy.

Schizophrenia is a disorder that is MOST likely to be treated with

biomedical therapies.

After several weeks of feeling apathetic and dissatisfied with his life, Mark has suddenly become extremely cheerful and so talkative he can't be interrupted. He seems to need less sleep and becomes irritated when his friends tell him to slow down. Mark's behavior is indicative of

bipolar disorder.

If a blind person uses one finger to read Braille, the brain area dedicated to that finger expands as the sense of touch invades the visual cortex. This is an example of

brain plasticity.

Ellen volunteers during her AP psychology class to try to balance a yardstick on her two fingers. While her eyes are open, she finds the task quite easy. However, when she closes her eyes, she finds the same task almost impossible. Which brain region relies on visual information in coordinating our voluntary movements?

cerebellum

The association areas are located in the

cerebral cortex.

Rats that received unpredictable electric shocks in a laboratory experiment subsequently became apprehensive when returned to that same laboratory setting. This best illustrates that anxiety disorders may result from

classical conditioning.

Which approach emphasizes the importance of providing patients with feelings of unconditional acceptance?

client-centered therapy

Although originally trained in Freudian techniques, Aaron Beck developed a ________ therapy for depression.

cognitive

Teaching people to stop blaming themselves for failures and negative circumstances beyond their control is of most direct concern to ________ therapists.

cognitive

An integrated therapy that aims to modify both self-defeating thinking and maladaptive actions is known as

cognitive-behavioral therapy.

Intelligence tests are most likely to be considered culturally biased in terms of their

content validity.

Selective-serotonin-reuptake-inhibitors are frequently prescribed for the treatment of

depression.

Dissociative disorders are most likely to be characterized by

disruptions in conscious awareness and sense of identity.

Group therapy is typically more effective than individual therapy for

enabling people to discover that others have problems similar to their own.

If a professor accused you of cheating on a test, your adrenal glands would probably release ________ into your bloodstream.

epinephrine

The DSM-5 does NOT

explain the causes of the various psychological disorders.

To assess whether intelligence is a single trait or a collection of several distinct abilities, psychologists have made extensive use of

factor analysis.

The cocktail party effect is your ability to selectively attend to one voice among many. This ability also illustrates the Gestalt principle of

figure and ground.

The Stanford-Binet, WAIS, and WISC tests are all types of

general intelligence tests.

The U.S. National Institute of Mental Health has indicated that the development of ADHD is a consequence of

genetic influences.

Higher intelligence scores are positively correlated with the volume of ________ in specific brain areas involved in memory, attention, and language.

gray matter

Cones and rods are to vision as ________ are to audition.

hair cells

Seeing one-eyed monsters would be a(n) ________. Believing that you are Christopher Columbus would be a ________.

hallucination; delusion

Twin studies suggest that Alzheimer's disease is influenced by

heredity

Thinking about sex (in your brain's cerebral cortex) can stimulate a region of the limbic system to secrete hormones. These hormones trigger the pituitary gland to influence hormones released by other glands in the body. Which brain region influences the endocrine system?

hypothalamus

A psychotherapist is most likely to use the DSM-5 in order to ________ various psychological disorders.

identify

Factor analysis is a statistical procedure that can be used to

identify clusters of closely related test items.

Standing in the checkout line at the grocery store, Jerry kept looking at his watch to see the time. As a result, he failed to see that a store employee was being robbed by a person just in front of him. Jerry most clearly suffered

inattentional blindness.

Research suggests that women are more skilled than men at

interpreting others' facial expressions of emotion.

The amount of light entering the eye is regulated by the

iris

A synapse is a(n)

junction between a sending neuron and a receiving neuron.

Severing a cat's reticular formation from higher brain regions causes the cat to

lapse into a coma.

If primed with the flashed word foot, the ________ will be especially quick to recognize the word heel. If primed with foot, cry, and glass, the ________ will be especially quick to recognize the word cut.

left hemisphere; right hemisphere

With increasing age, adopted children's intelligence test scores become ________ correlated with their adoptive parents' scores and ________ correlated with their biological parent's scores.

less positively; more positively

Cognitive therapy works, top-down, by changing thought processes. Antidepressant drugs work, bottom-up, on the emotion-forming

limbic system.

Researchers use biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis to understand eating disorders. The social-cultural level of analysis is especially likely to emphasize that eating disorders are influenced by

mass media standards of appearance.

Your life would be most immediately threatened if you suffered destruction of the

medulla

The impact of early environmental influences on intelligence is most apparent among young children who experience

minimal interaction with caregivers.

The body's speedy, electrochemical information system is called the

nervous system.

Behaviors such as cutting or burning the skin, hitting oneself, pulling hair out, inserting objects under the nails or skin, and self-administered tattooing can be described as a(n)

nonsuicidal self-injury

The disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts and actions is called a(n)

obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Mr. Quinones, a fifth-grade teacher, gives a blue plastic star to each student who achieves a high score on a math or spelling test. At the end of the semester, students can exchange their stars for prizes. Mr. Quinones' classroom strategy illustrates an application of

operant conditioning.

Praising socially withdrawn children when they have eye contact with others and ignoring them after a temper tantrum best illustrates an application of

operant conditioning.

Consciousness is

our awareness of ourselves and our environment.

While he was studying, Matthew was suddenly overwhelmed by feelings of intense apprehension. For several minutes he felt so agitated that he could not catch his breath. Matthew was most likely suffering from a(n)

panic attack.

Perceiving the color, motion, and form of a bird in flight illustrates

parallel processing.

The somatic nervous system is a component of the ________ nervous system.

peripheral

Motor neurons are to the ________ nervous system as interneurons are to the ________ nervous system.

peripheral; central

Psychiatrists and psychologists are most likely to consider socially unusual behavior as disordered if it is

personally distressful.

Aptitude tests are specifically designed to

predict ability to learn a new skill.

One component of emotional intelligence involves

predicting accurately when feelings are about to change.

Which approach would attempt to minimize psychological disorders by working to reduce the incidence of child abuse and illiteracy in society?

preventive mental health

Mr. Choi's therapist wants to help him become aware of his conflicting childhood feelings of love and hate for his parents. The therapist's goal best reflects a primary aim of

psychoanalysis

Midori's therapist suggests that she developed a dissociative identity disorder as a way of protecting herself from an awareness of her own hatred for her abusive mother. The therapist's suggestion most directly reflects a ________ perspective.

psychoanalytic

Psychological disorders that researchers believe are learned, such as phobias, are most likely to be treated with

psychotherapy

As we move, objects that are fixed in place, a light pole, for example, may appear to move. What is this monocular cue for depth called?

relative motion

The home environment most clearly has a greater influence on children's ________ than on their ________.

religious beliefs; personality traits

Which cells for visual processing are located closest to the back of the retina?

rods and cones

A person who demonstrates an exceptional specific mental skill while otherwise remaining very limited in intellectual capacity is said to show signs of

savant syndrome.

One cluster of personality disorders marked by noticeably odd or eccentric behavior is exemplified by the ________ personality disorder.

schizoid

A short attention span is an early warning sign of

schizophrenia

Hallucinations and delusions are most likely to be experienced by those who suffer from

schizophrenia.

You typically fail to consciously perceive that your own nose is in your line of vision. This best illustrates

selective attention.

The axon of a resting neuron has gates that do not allow positive sodium ions to pass through the cell membrane. What is this characteristic called?

selective permeability

When children are told that certain classmates are learning disabled, they may behave in ways that inhibit the success of these students in the classroom. This best illustrates the dangers of

self-fulfilling prophecies.

The detection and encoding of stimulus energies by the nervous system is called

sensation

According to the social-cognitive perspective, women are more vulnerable to depression than men because they are more likely to

sense a lack of personal control over their lives.

The green-colored ham and eggs had such a strange appearance that they tasted terrible to Sam. This illustrates the importance of

sensory interaction.

Which brain structure relays information from the eyes to the visual cortex?

thalamus

Standing atop a mountain on an utterly dark, clear night, most of us would see a candle flame atop another mountain 30 miles away. This best illustrates

the absolute threshold.

Both the inseparability of mind and body and the interaction of nature and nurture are most clearly emphasized by

the biopsychosocial approach.

On the day she is to be interviewed for an important new position, Rachel awakens with a severe toothache. During the interview she feels no pain; not until 30 minutes later does she become aware again of the troublesome toothache. Rachel's experience is best explained by

the gate-control theory.

Current research suggests that

the place and frequency theories correctly explain different aspects of how we hear pitch.

Those with a narcissistic personality disorder are likely to be preoccupied with

their own self-importance.

Aerobic exercise, adequate sleep, light exposure, and social engagement are important components of

therapeutic life-style change.

The local fire department sounds the 12 o'clock whistle. The process by which your ears convert the sound waves from the siren into neural impulses is an example of

transduction

A test that measures or predicts what it is supposed to is said to have a high degree of

validity

On which of the following tasks are 55-year-old adults most likely to perform just as effectively as they could 30 years earlier?

writing a story

A test is reliable if it

yields dependably consistent scores