Unit exam #3, Unit 1 Exam bio 102, Unit 2 exam bio 102

Identify the following stages of the cell cycle:

(A) prophase (B) metaphase (C)anaphase (D)telophase (E)cytokinesis

The atomic mass of a proton is A)0 atomic mass units B)2 atomic mass units C)1 atomic mass units D)-1 atomic mass units.

1 atomic mass units

List and describe the three types of functional areas in the cerebrum.

1)Sensory areas receive sensory impulses and produce sensations. 2)Motor areas initiate nerve impulses that control muscle fibers. 3)Association areas are believed to contain areas for intelligence,artistic and creative ability,and learning.

Give four examples of how the skeleton protects internal organs. Essay

1)The skull protects the brain. 2)The vertebral column protects the spinal cord. 3)The thoracic cage protects the lungs and heart. 4)The pelvis protects the urinary bladder and the internal reproductive organs.

List the following in the correct sequence as they occur in response to a stimulus.

1. Sensory receptor detects a stimulus. 2. Afferent nerves carry sensory information to brain and spinal cord. 3. Integration occurs in the CNS 4. Efferent nerves carry motor information to effectors 5. Effector responds to original stimulus

If the atomic number of an element is 9 and the mass number is 19,how many neutrons does the atom have? A)10 B)9 C)19 D)28

10

How many different amino acids compose all human polypeptides (proteins)? A)10 B)15 C)20 D)25

20

How many pairs of chromosomes are located in the nucleus of a typical human body cell? 2 18 20 46 23

23

If the atomic number of an element is 27 and the mass number is 60,how many neutrons does the atom have? A)27 B)33 C)87 D)60

33

A typical human body cell has _____ chromosomes. 23 52 28 18 46

46

The pH of the blood is slightly basic.Which of the following describes this pH? A)6.4 B)12.6 C)4.7 D)7.4

7.4

Atoms with more than one shell are most stable when the outermost shell contains _____ electrons. A)10 B)1 C)8 D)6

8

What role can inorganic metals such as iron or zinc have in a reaction? A)A catalyst B)A coenzyme C)A substrate D)A cofactor

A cofactor

A tissue is defined as: Organelles that are grouped together for dividing purposes. A group of specialized cells with similar function. A group of molecules with similar function. A group of organs with a similar function.

A group of specialized cells with similar function.

Explain the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane. Essay

A plasma membrane is a liquid,double layer of phospholipid molecules with proteins imbedded in the double layer.The phospholipid molecules have polar heads and nonpolar tails,and they point their hydrophobic,nonpolar tails into the center of the membrane.The protein molecules are free to move about within the lipid bilayer.

Which of the following describes positive feedback mechanisms? (Choose all that apply.) A) A mechanism that continues until it completes a process that has a specific cut off point. B) A process that stimulates and promotes a change that is occurring in the body C) The most common mechanism of homeostasis in the body

A) A mechanism that continues until it completes a process that has a specific cut off point. B) A process that stimulates and promotes a change that is occurring in the body

The cranial cavity houses which organ? A) Brain B) Lungs C) Spinal cord D) Stomach E) Heart

A) Brain

Which of the following feedback mechanisms work to maintain a relatively constant value, with very little fluctuation from the set point? A) Negative B) Positive

A) Negative

The anatomical position can be described as: A) standing upright, arms at side, palms facing forward B) lying face up, arms up above the head, palms down C) lying face down, arms at side, palms facing down

A) standing upright, arms at side, palms facing forward

Organelles are: (select all that apply) A) structures that carry out specific functions within cells B) small organs in the body like the eyes, ears and nose C) structures composed of groups of macromolecules

A) structures that carry out specific functions within cells C) structures composed of groups of macromolecules

What does the endomysium cover? A)A muscle fiber B)A muscle fascicle C)The whole muscle organ D)The tendon of a muscle

A)A muscle fiber

Which of the following is NOT a component of a homeostatic mechanism? A)A nerve pathway B)A control center C)A sensor D)An effector

A)A nerve pathway

Which of the following is NOT a danger signal for cancer? A)A sore that heals quickly. B)A change in bowel habits. C)An obvious change in a wart or mole. D)A nagging cough.

A)A sore that heals quickly.

Which of the following is a common neurotransmitter? A)Acetylcholine B)Acetylcholinesterase C)An enzyme D)Acetylcholinesterase and an enzyme

A)Acetylcholine

Which process does not require a concentration gradient? A)Active transport B)Diffusion C)Facilitated diffusion D)Osmosis

A)Active transport

What type of connective tissue is made of enlarged fibroblasts that are filled with fat,and provides insulation,padding,and energy storage? A)Adipose tissue B)Areolar connective tissue C)Dense connective tissue D)Aponeuroses

A)Adipose tissue

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of connective tissue? A)All types are avascular. B)It has a non-living extracellular matrix. C)It contains fibers as well as cells. D)Can be a solid,semifluid,or a fluid

A)All types are avascular.

What is found within the cell's nucleus? A)Chromatin B)Nucleolus C)DNA D)All apply.

D)All apply.

What is responsible for skin color? A)Carotene B)Melanin C)Hemoglobin D)All apply.

D)All apply.

What is the function of a blood clot? A)Prevents blood loss B)Prevents toxins from entering other tissues C)Prevents pathogens from entering other tissue D)All apply.

D)All apply.

What protects the spinal cord? A)Vertebrae B)Meninges C)Cerebrospinal fluid D)All apply.

D)All apply.

Where may cartilage be found? A)Trachea B)Outer ear C)Ends of long bones D)All apply.

D)All apply.

Which aspect of a noise may affect hearing loss? A)Loudness B)Duration C)Proximity D)All apply.

D)All apply.

Which consists of keratinized cells? A)Hair B)Nails C)Stratum corneum D)All apply.

D)All apply.

Which is a function of the thoracic cage? A)To protect the heart B)To aid in breathing C)To support the bones of the shoulder D)All apply.

D)All apply.

Which is true of the skin? A)It is waterproof. B)It prevents water loss. C)It prevents water from entering when immersed. D)All apply.

D)All apply.

Which of the following are examples of body membranes? A)Meninges B)Synovial membranes C)Serous membranes D)All apply.

D)All apply.

Which of the following are known carcinogens? A)Viruses B)Excessive radiation C)Certain chemicals D)All apply.

D)All apply.

Which of the following can be used to classify muscular tissue? A)Location B)Striations C)Voluntary control D)All apply.

D)All apply.

Which of the following is a function of the skeleton? A)Produces blood cells B)Provides sites for muscle attachment C)Protects internal organs D)All apply.

D)All apply.

Which of the following is a function of the skin? A)Protection B)Sensory reception C)Synthesis of vitamin D D)All apply.

D)All apply.

Which of the following is a function of the sympathetic division of the ANS? A)Inhibits tears B)Decreases intestinal activity C)Inhibits urination D)All apply.

D)All apply.

Which of the following is a method for detecting cancer? A)Mammogram B)Blood test C)Biopsy D)All apply.

D)All apply.

Which of the following is part of a neuron? A)Axon B)Cell body C)Dendrite D)All apply.

D)All apply.

Which of the following is/are connective tissue(s)? A)Bone B)Cartilage C)Blood D)All apply.

D)All apply.

Which of the following structures have hair cells as receptors? A)Cochlea B)Semicircular canals C)Vestibule D)All apply.

D)All apply.

Which type of neuron is involved in a reflex arc? A)Sensory B)Motor C)Interneuron D)All apply.

D)All apply.

What type of connective tissue is composed of all three types of fibers,has a spider-web appearance,and binds tissues together? A)Dense connective tissue B)Adipose tissue C)Reticular connective tissue D)Areolar connective tissue

D)Areolar connective tissue

Which of the following is NOT true of smooth muscle? A)Causes peristalsis in the digestive tract B)Assists voiding of urine C)Direct flow of blood D)Assists in respiration

D)Assists in respiration

The armpit is which region? A)Acromial B)Pectoral C)Mammary D)Axillary

D)Axillary

Which of the following is NOT a cartilaginous joint? A)Between the ribs and the sternum B)Between the bodies of the vertebra C)Between the two pelvic bones D)Between each tooth and its socket

D)Between each tooth and its socket

Which tissue has lacunae? A)Bone B)Cartilage C)Tendons D)Bone and cartilage

D)Bone and cartilage

Which type of muscle tissue is striated? A)Cardiac B)Skeletal C)Smooth D)Both cardiac and skeletal are correct.

D)Both cardiac and skeletal are correct.

Which type of muscle tissue is involuntary? A)Cardiac B)Skeletal C)Smooth D)Both cardiac and smooth are correct.

D)Both cardiac and smooth are correct.

What is the role of ATP in the sliding filament theory? A)Energizes the myosin cross-bridge B)Releases calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum C)Breaks the link between actin and myosin D)Both energizes the myosin cross-bridge and breaks the link between actin and myosin.

D)Both energizes the myosin cross-bridge and breaks the link between actin and myosin.

The function(s)of the ossicles in hearing is (are) A)equalize pressure in the middle ear. B)magnifying the sound waves about 20 times. C)transferring the sound waves to the fluid of the inner ear. D)Both magnifying the sound waves about 20 times and transferring the sound waves to the fluid of the inner ear.

D)Both magnifying the sound waves about 20 times and transferring the sound waves to the fluid of the inner ear.

Which of the following functions in gravitational equilibrium? A)Saccule B)Utricle C)Semicircular canals D)Both saccule and utricle are correct.

D)Both saccule and utricle are correct.

Which type(s)of skin gland(s)become(s)active with puberty? A)Sebaceous gland B)Apocrine sweat gland C)Eccrine sweat gland D)Both sebaceous and apocrine sweat glands.

D)Both sebaceous and apocrine sweat glands.

Which muscle is called the "trumpeters muscle",and aids in chewing and sucking? A)Zygomaticus B)Masseter C)Levator anguli oris D)Buccinator

D)Buccinator

What ion is necessary for cross-bridging? A)Iron B)Sodium C)Potassium D)Calcium

D)Calcium

What triggers the release of a neurotransmitter from the presynaptic neuron vesicles? A)Sodium ions B)Potassium ions C)Electrons D)Calcium ions

D)Calcium ions p178

This disease is characterized by the death of motor neurons but does not affect intellect and sensation. A)Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis B)Myasthenia gravis C)Duchenne muscular dystrophy D)Fibromyalgia

A)Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

What are the bones storage depots for? A)Calcium and vitamin D B)Fat and vitamin C C)Calcium and white blood cells D)Calcium,fat,and phosphate

D)Calcium,fat,and phosphate

What can give skin a yellowish hue? A)Hemoglobin B)Melanin C)Keratin D)Carotene

D)Carotene

Which part of the brain serves to coordinate skeletal muscle movements? A)Cerebrum B)Diencephalon C)Pons D)Cerebellum

D)Cerebellum

What type of skin gland secretes earwax? A)Sebaceous gland B)Eccrine sweat gland C)Apocrine sweat gland D)Ceruminous gland

D)Ceruminous gland

If a person was diagnosed as having a tumor in the dorsal cavity,where might you expect to find it? A)Abdominal or pelvic cavities B)Superior or inferior cavities C)Thoracic or abdominal cavities D)Cranial or spinal cavities

D)Cranial or spinal cavities

What does the action potential consist of? A)Depolarization B)Repolarization C)Resting potential D)Depolarization and repolarization

D)Depolarization and repolarization

What is the dominant cell found in fibrous connective tissue? A)Osteocyte B)Chondrocyte C)Erythrocyte D)Fibroblast

D)Fibroblast

Which type of cut will give front and back portions? A)Median B)Transverse C)Sagittal D)Frontal or coronal

D)Frontal or coronal

What bone is important for swallowing? A)Palatine bone B)Maxilla C)Mandible D)Hyoid bone

D)Hyoid bone

Which part of the brain is the link between the nervous and endocrine systems? A)Midbrain B)Pons C)Thalamus D)Hypothalamus

D)Hypothalamus

Which parts of the nervous system work together to provide much of the body's homeostasis? A)Cerebrum and midbrain B)Pons and medulla oblongata C)Hypothalamus and thalamus D)Hypothalamus and medulla oblongata

D)Hypothalamus and medulla oblongata

Which lobe of the cerebrum is involved in social emotions and taste? A)Occipital B)Frontal C)Temporal D)Insula

D)Insula

Which muscle will extend and adduct the arm for swimming or climbing a rope? A)Biceps brachii B)Serratus anterior C)Deltoid D)Latissimus dorsi

D)Latissimus dorsi

Billy had surgery to remove his appendix.In which abdominal quadrant would the incision be made? A)Upper left B)Upper right C)Lower left D)Lower right

D)Lower right

What is the purpose of blinking of the eyes? A)Lubricate the eye surface B)Protect the eye from infection C)Remove debris from the eye surface D)Lubricate and remove debris from eye surface

D)Lubricate and remove debris from eye surface

Which of the following is NOT an example of dense connective tissue? A)Aponeuroses B)Dermis of the skin C)Ligaments D)Lymph nodes

D)Lymph nodes

Which type of neuroglia is phagocytotic and engulfs bacteria? A)Astrocytes B)Oligodendrocytes C)Schwann cells D)Microglia

D)Microglia

Which of the following is NOT a primary taste? A)Umami B)Sweet C)Bitter D)Minty E)Salty

D)Minty

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of fast-twitch fibers? A)Useful for bursts of energy B)Fatigues quickly C)Light in color D)Mostly aerobic

D)Mostly aerobic

Three discrete types of muscle fibers are identified on the basis of their fuel supply,oxygen supply,and tension.Which of the following athletic endeavors best represents the use of slow-twitch fibers? A)A sprint by an Olympic runner B)Swinging a baseball bat C)Lifting weights D)Mountain climbing

D)Mountain climbing

Which of the following spinal nerves does NOT innervate the hands? A)Radial nerve B)Ulnar nerve C)Median nerve D)Musculocutaneous nerve

D)Musculocutaneous nerve

Which would NOT occur when the body temperature is too low? A)Involuntary muscle contraction B)Dermal blood vessel dilation C)Sweat production D)Neither dermal blood vessel dilation nor sweat production would occur.

D)Neither dermal blood vessel dilation nor sweat production would occur.

Which system is the spinal cord part of? A)Endocrine B)Lymphatic C)Skeletal D)Nervous

D)Nervous

Which of the following bones forms the back and base of the cranium? A)Mandible B)Ethmoid C)Temporal D)Occipital

D)Occipital

Which of the following pairs of body regions is INCORRECT? A)Carpal - wrist B)Popliteal - back of knee C)Gluteal - buttocks D)Orbital - ear

D)Orbital - ear

Which of the following are the bone-eating (resorbing)cells? A)Osteoprogenitor cells B)Osteocytes C)Osteoblasts D)Osteoclasts

D)Osteoclasts

The chest is which region? A)Cephalic B)Lumbar C)Brachial D)Pectoral

D)Pectoral

Which of the following surrounds a fascicle? A)Endomysium B)Epimysium C)Fascia D)Perimysium

D)Perimysium

What is the function of Langerhans cells? A)Water-proofing B)UV protection C)Register pain D)Phagocytize microbes

D)Phagocytize microbes

Which spinal nerve serves the diaphragm? A)Radial B)Ulnar C)Musculocutaneous D)Phrenic

D)Phrenic

The lungs would be found in which cavity? A)Spinal cavity B)Abdominal cavity C)Mediastinum D)Pleural cavity

D)Pleural cavity

Which of the following is NOT involved in refraction? A)Cornea B)Aqueous humor C)Lens D)Pupil

D)Pupil

Which of the following is NOT a function of the pelvic girdle? A)Attachment of the upper limbs B)Bear the body's weight C)Protect the urinary bladder D)Protect the internal reproductive organs

A)Attachment of the upper limbs

Which part of a neuron carries impulse away from the cell body? A)Axon B)Dendrite C)Nucleus )Neuroglia

A)Axon

Which of the following is the most common type of skin cancer? A)Basal cell carcinoma B)Squamous cell carcinoma C)Melanoma D)Kaposi's sarcoma

A)Basal cell carcinoma

What does calcium do during muscle contraction? A)Binds to troponin B)Binds to the cross bridges C)Supplies energy D)Hydrolyzes ATP

A)Binds to troponin

The motor speech area is found in the left frontal lobe and called A)Broca's area B)Wernicke's area. C)prefrontal area. D)insula.

A)Broca's area

The spinal cord is part of the ___________,while the cranial nerves are part of the ___________. A)CNS,PNS B)PNS,CNS

A)CNS,PNS

Which type of muscle tissue has intercalated disks? A)Cardiac B)Skeletal C)Smooth D)Both cardiac and skeletal are correct.

A)Cardiac

What is the function of intermediate filaments? A)Cell-to-cell junctions B)Cell movement C)Form flagella D)Cell shape

A)Cell-to-cell junctions

What process provides the most of a muscle's ATP? A)Cellular respiration B)Lactic acid fermentation C)Creatine phosphate breakdown D)Alcoholic fermentation

A)Cellular respiration

The head is which region? A)Cephalic B)Lumbar C)Brachial D)Pectoral

A)Cephalic

Which of the following spinal nerve areas is NOT matched with the correct number of nerve pairs? A)Cervical - 7 B)Thoracic - 12 C)Lumbar - 5 D)Sacral - 5

A)Cervical - 7

__________ are small hair-like extensions that produce movement across the surface of cells. A)Cilia B)Flagella C)Microvilli D)Basal bodies

A)Cilia

__________ help keep the lungs clean. A)Cilia B)Flagella C)Basal bodies D)Microvilli

A)Cilia

Where is the spiral organ located? A)Cochlear duct B)Vestibular duct C)Tympanic duct D)Semicircular duct

A)Cochlear duct

Which of the following is NOT a sign of inflammation as seen in a skin injury? A)Cold B)Swelling C)Redness D)Pain

A)Cold

What type of tissue is made of concentric rings called an osteon or Haversian system? A)Compact bone B)Hyaline cartilage C)Adipose tissue D)Spongy bone

A)Compact bone

What forms over the diaphysis in endochondral ossification of a long bone? A)Compact bone collar B)Perichondrium C)Epiphyseal plate D)Fibrocartilage

A)Compact bone collar

Which of the following is part of the appendicular skeleton? A)Coxa B)Sacrum C)Sternum D)Ribs

A)Coxa

Which of the following is NOT a cause of skin wrinkles? A)Decrease in the number of hair follicles B)Less padding from the hypodermis C)Loose epidermis D)Fewer and less organized dermal fibers

A)Decrease in the number of hair follicles

Which of the following is NOT a rotator cuff muscle? A)Deltoid B)Supraspinatus C)Infraspinatus D)Subscapularis

A)Deltoid

Which of the following allows movement of muscles and joints and maintains normal skin tension? A)Elastic fibers B)Collagen fibers C)Sensory fibers D)Dermal papillae

A)Elastic fibers

Which system are the hormones part of? A)Endocrine B)Cardiovascular C)Reproductive D)Nervous

A)Endocrine

What substance is found in the cochlear duct? A)Endolymph B)Air C)Perilymph D)Mucus

A)Endolymph

What is the function of the auditory (eustachian)tube? A)Equalizes air pressure in the middle ear B)Allows fluid to drain out of the inner ear C)Keeps infection out of the middle ear D)Allows us to hear ourselves speak

A)Equalizes air pressure in the middle ear

What bone contains the cribriform plate that has tiny holes for olfactory nerves? A)Ethmoid bone B)Palatine bone C)Sphenoid bone D)Maxilla

A)Ethmoid bone

The thigh is which region? A)Femoral B)Crural C)Plantar D)Palmar

A)Femoral

Which of the following is an example of a long bone? A)Femur B)Patella C)Vertebra D)Frontal bone

A)Femur

What type of cartilage makes up the intervertebral disks? A)Fibrocartilage B)Hyaline cartilage C)Elastic cartilage

A)Fibrocartilage

The period of interphase when cell growth and manufacture of organelles occurs is the A)G1 phase. B)S phase. C)G2 phase. D)mitosis phase.

A)G1 phase.

What type of energy is used to create a PET scan? A)Gamma rays B)Electrons C)Protons D)Electrical

A)Gamma rays

This muscle allows you to stand on your tiptoes. A)Gastrocnemius B)Tibialis anterior C)Flexor digitorum longus D)Hamstring group

A)Gastrocnemius

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of slow-twitch fibers? A)Have few capillaries B)Small motor units C)Have many mitochondria D)Abundant supply of myoglobin

A)Have few capillaries

What condition is described by high temperature,low blood pressure,and loss of salts due to profuse sweating? A)Heat exhaustion B)Heat stroke C)Fever D)Hypothermia

A)Heat exhaustion

What part of the limbic system is vital in converting short-term memory to long-term memory? A)Hippocampus B)Thalamus C)Hypothalamus D)Basal nuclei

A)Hippocampus

Which of the following is the most common type of cartilage? A)Hyaline cartilage B)Elastic cartilage C)Fibrocartilage

A)Hyaline cartilage

The urinary bladder is found in which abdominopelvic region? A)Hypogastric B)Left lumbar C)Right iliac D)Umbilical

A)Hypogastric

Which area of the brain is most concerned with homeostasis? A)Hypothalamus B)Cerebrum C)Thalamus D)Cerebellum

A)Hypothalamus

Which of the following coxal bones is most inferior and allows a person to sit? A)Ischium B)Ilium C)Pubis

A)Ischium

What happens to chromosome number as a result of meiosis? A)It is halved. B)It stays the same. C)It is doubled. D)It is tripled.

A)It is halved.

What type of skin cancer is seen most often in patients with AIDS? A)Kaposi's sarcoma B)Basal cell carcinoma C)Melanoma D)Squamous cell carcinoma

A)Kaposi's sarcoma

Which type of cutaneous receptor would respond to the lightest pressure? A)Krause end bulbs B)Ruffini endings C)Pacinian corpuscles D)Meissner corpuscles

A)Krause end bulbs

Which eye muscle is innervated by the abducens nerve? A)Lateral rectus muscle B)Medial rectus muscle C)Superior oblique muscle D)Inferior rectus muscle

A)Lateral rectus muscle

Which of the following does NOT aid in the protection of a synovial joint? A)Ligaments B)Articular cartilage on bone surfaces C)Menisci in the knee D)Bursae

A)Ligaments

The receptors for neurotransmitters on the post-synaptic neuron membrane are of what type? A)Ligand-regulated gates B)Voltage-regulated gates C)Synaptic-regulated gates D)Threshold-regulated gates

A)Ligand-regulated gates

From which area of the spinal cord does the femoral nerve come from? A)Lumbar region B)Sacral region C)Thoracic region D)Coccygeal region

A)Lumbar region

Which of the following bones form the upper jaw? A)Maxilla B)Mandible C)Palatine D)Lacrimal

A)Maxilla

Which of the following is NOT a bone marking for articulation? A)Meatus B)Process C)Suture D)Condyle

A)Meatus

Which of the following are connective tissue membranes? A)Meninges B)Cutaneous membranes C)Serous membranes D)Mucous membranes

A)Meninges

Which of the following proteins found in myofilaments contain the cross bridges? A)Myosin B)Actin C)Tropomyosin D)Troponin

A)Myosin

If a person has a rash in the cervical region,where is it located? A)Neck B)Lower back C)Arm D)Chest

A)Neck

Which of the following are features of Alzheimer Disease? A)Neurofibrillary tangles around cell bodies of neurons B)Build up of amyloid plaques around axon branches C)Reduced amounts of acetylcholine D)All apply.

A)Neurofibrillary tangles around cell bodies of neurons

What bone has a large opening,the foramen magnum,for the spinal cord to enter the cranial cavity? A)Occipital bone B)Temporal bone C)Parietal bone D)Maxilla

A)Occipital bone

What type of joint disease is described by deterioration of articular cartilage? A)Osteoarthritis B)Osteoporosis C)Rheumatoid arthritis D)Gout

A)Osteoarthritis

What is the role of myoglobin in muscle contraction? A)Oxygen carrier in muscle B)Blood carrier in muscle C)ATP carrier in muscle D)Creatine phosphate generator in muscle

A)Oxygen carrier in muscle

Which of the following bones forms most of the roof of the cranium? A)Parietal B)Frontal C)Mandible D)Temporal

A)Parietal

The foot is which region? A)Pedal B)Lumbar C)Brachial D)Pectoral

A)Pedal

Sally is rushed to the hospital with acute appendicitis.Which serous membrane is in danger of infection? A)Peritoneum B)Pleura C)Meninges D)Pericardium

A)Peritoneum

What is the body's response to the ankle-jerk reflex? A)Plantar flexion B)Dorsiflexion C)Extension of the knee D)Extension of the toes

A)Plantar flexion

Which forearm bone is on the thumb side when in anatomical position? A)Radius B)Ulna C)Carpal D)Humerus

A)Radius

Which of the following is NOT a shape of epithelial tissue cells? A)Rectangular B)Squamous C)Columnar D)Cuboidal

A)Rectangular

Which muscle is NOT used to "suck in your gut" to make you look thinner? A)Rectus abdominis B)External oblique C)Transversus abdominis D)Internal oblique

A)Rectus abdominis

Which of the following organelles functions in protein synthesis? A)Ribosomes B)Golgi apparatus C)Smooth ER D)All apply.

A)Ribosomes

Which type of cut or section will give right and left portions? A)Sagittal B)Transverse C)Frontal D)Coronal

A)Sagittal

Within the peripheral nervous system,the myelin sheath is formed by A)Schwann cells. B)oligodendrocytes. C)microglial cells. D)astrocytes.

A)Schwann cells.

What type of gland is associated with hair follicles? A)Sebaceous glands B)Apocrine sweat glands C)Eccrine sweat glands D)Ceruminous glands

A)Sebaceous glands

What is the purpose of Goblet cells found in columnar and pseudo columnar epithelium? A)Secrete mucus B)Secrete digestive enzymes C)Secrete water D)All apply.

A)Secrete mucus

Which ear component tells your brain that you are doing a sit-spin on the ice? A)Semicircular canals B)Utricle and saccule C)Spiral organ D)Ossicles

A)Semicircular canals

What type of epithelium is often found in glands and kidney tubules? A)Simple cuboidal B)Simple squamous C)Stratified squamous D)Pseudostratified columnar

A)Simple cuboidal

Which of the following is NOT a passive process of movement? A)Solute pumps B)Osmosis C)Facilitated diffusion D)Diffusion

A)Solute pumps

Which system innervates skeletal muscles? A)Somatic B)Sympathetic C)Parasympathetic D)All apply.

A)Somatic

What is used in a sonogram to create an image? A)Sound waves B)Electrons C)Gamma rays D)X-rays

A)Sound waves

Which of the following is NOT served by the somatic sensory division of the PNS? A)Stomach B)Skeletal muscles C)Special senses D)Skin

A)Stomach

Which of the following is NOT a location where cerebrospinal fluid is found? A)Subdural space B)Brain ventricles C)Central canal of the spinal cord D)Subarachnoid space

A)Subdural space

Which tarsal articulates with the tibia and fibula for ankle movement? A)Talus B)Calcaneus C)Navicular D)Cuneiform

A)Talus

In which bone would the external acoustic meatus be found? A)Temporal bone B)Zygomatic bone C)Parietal bone D)Maxilla

A)Temporal bone

Which of the following connects muscles to bones? A)Tendons B)Cartilage C)Adipose tissue D)Ligaments

A)Tendons

Which of the following is a type of loose fibrous connective tissue? A)Tendons B)Cartilage C)Adipose tissue D)Ligaments

A)Tendons

Which of the following is NOT part of the brain stem? A)Thalamus B)Medulla oblongata C)Pons D)Midbrain

A)Thalamus

What occurs as a result of a negative feedback mechanism? A)The change moves further from the set point in a negative direction. B)No change occurs in the body. C)There is a reversal from the original change. D)A body function is stoppeD.

A)The change moves further from the set point in a negative direction.

What is the main determinant of connective tissue properties? A)The characteristics of the matrix B)The characteristics of the cells C)The types of cells present D)The layers of the tissue

A)The characteristics of the matrix

Which of the following is NOT true of the sympathetic division of the ANS? A)The ganglia are located near the effectors. B)Cell body of the preganglionic neuron is in the thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord. C)The preganglionic neurons are short. D)The postganglionic neurons are long.

A)The ganglia are located near the effectors.

Which part of the spiral organ responds to low pitched sounds? A)The tip B)The middle C)The base D)Along the entire length

A)The tip

Which of the following cranial nerves is NOT associated with eye muscles? A)Trigeminal B)Oculomotor C)Trochlear D)Abducens

A)Trigeminal

Which of the following cranial nerves is NOT purely motor in its function? A)Trigeminal B)Trochlear C)Spinal accessory D)Abducens

A)Trigeminal

What is the structural classification of a sensory neuron? A)Unipolar B)Multipolar C)Bipolar

A)Unipolar

Which body system removes metabolic wastes and helps maintain acid-base balance? A)Urinary system B)Digestive system C)Respiratory system D)Endocrine system

A)Urinary system

Which of the following pairs is correctly matched? A)Ventral - toward the front B)Ipsilateral - on opposite sides C)Deep - toward the surface D)Proximal - further from the point of attachment

A)Ventral - toward the front

The thoracic cavity is part of which larger cavity? A)Ventral cavity B)Dorsal cavity C)Abdominopelvic cavity

A)Ventral cavity

Which refers to a membrane attached to the surface of a lung? A)Visceral pleura B)Parietal pleura C)Visceral peritoneum D)Parietal peritoneum

A)Visceral pleura

Impetigo is A)a bacterial infection resulting in crusty pustules. B)caused by over keratinization. C)overactive cell division. D)a fungal infection.

A)a bacterial infection resulting in crusty pustules.

The clouding of the lens is called A)a cataract. B)macular degeneration. C)detached retina. D)glaucoma.

A)a cataract

Myosin is A)a protein. B)the thin filament. C)pulled inward during contraction. D)All apply

A)a protein

The inability to produce the pigment melanin is called A)albinism. B)cyanosis. C)decubitus. D)alopecia.

A)albinism.

The anterior compartment of the eye is filled with a fluid called the A)aqueous humor. B)lacrimal secretions. C)vitreous humor. D)fovea centralis.

A)aqueous humor.

The biceps brachii and triceps brachii in the upper arm A)are antagonistic. B)are synergistic. C)depend upon activity to determine antagonism or synergism.

A)are antagonistic.

When muscles are not used,they shrink or A)atrophy. B)hypertrophy. C)antagonize. D)fatigue.

A)atrophy.

Nerves are primarily composed of A)axons. B)dendrites. C)cell bodies. D)All apply.

A)axons.

A hip is an example of a __________ joint. A)ball-and-socket B)hinge C)gliding D)pivot

A)ball-and-socket

The __________ flexes the forearm. A)biceps brachii B)frontalis C)triceps brachii D)gluteus maximus

A)biceps brachii

During intramembranous ossification A)bone develops between sheets of fibrous connective tissue. B)hyaline cartilage is replaced by bone. C)osteoclasts break down bone. D)new bone is added on top of existing bone.

A)bone develops between sheets of fibrous connective tissue.

The two organ systems involved in providing oxygen to cells and removing carbon dioxide from cells are the A)cardiovascular and respiratory. B)respiratory and digestive. C)integumentary and muscular. D)reproductive and nervous.

A)cardiovascular and respiratory.

Short cylinders with a 9 +0 pattern that form the spindle apparatus during cell division are A)centrioles. B)basal bodies. C)flagella. D)actin filaments.

A)centrioles.

The lateral ventricles are located in the A)cerebrum. B)medulla oblongata. C)thalamus. D)cerebellum.

A)cerebrum.

Each strand of a replicated double helix of DNA is called a A)chromatid. B)chromosome. C)autosome. D)centriole.

A)chromatid.

The corrective lens for those with myopia is _________ which will diverge the light rays so that they focus on the retina. A)concave B)convex

A)concave

The knuckles are an example of a __________ joint. A)condyloid B)hinge C)gliding D)saddle

A)condyloid

The mucous membrane that lines the inside of the eyelids is called the A)conjunctivA. B)lacrimal apparatus. C)aqueous humor. D)sclera.

A)conjunctiva

Sutures occur mainly in the A)cranium. B)pelvic girdle. C)tarsals. D)wrist.

A)cranium.

The division of the cytoplasm and organelles is A)cytokinesis. B)mitosis. C)interphase. D)telophase.

A)cytokinesis.

The response to signals from Golgi tendon organs is to A)decrease the degree of muscle contraction. B)decrease the degree of muscle relaxation. C)increase the degree of muscle contraction. D)None apply.

A)decrease the degree of muscle contraction.

Small lipid soluble molecules would move through the plasma membrane by A)diffusion. B)osmosis. C)filtration. D)pumping.

A)diffusion.

The tibialis anterior will ______ the foot. A)dorsiflex and invert B)plantar flex and invert C)dorsiflex and adduct D)invert and abduct

A)dorsiflex and invert

The nuclear envelope contains the nuclear material and its structure is a A)double layered membrane with pores. B)single layered membrane with pores. C)solid single layered membrane. D)solid double layered membrane.

A)double layered membrane with pores

The tough outer meninx is the A)dura mater. B)arachnoid mater. C)pia mater.

A)dura mater.

Shrugging the shoulders is an example of A)elevation. B)flexion. C)circumduction. D)pronation.

A)elevation

Which type of neuroglia line the ventricles of the brain? A)ependymal cells B)microglia C)Schwann cells D)astrocytes

A)ependymal cells

Glands are mostly made of A)epithelial cells. B)muscle cells. C)nerve cells. D)blood cells.

A)epithelial cells.

Glands that secrete products into ducts are called A)exocrine. B)endocrine. C)hormonal. D)endocrine and hormonal.

A)exocrine.

The epidermis only is damaged from a A)first-degree burn. B)second-degree burn. C)third-degree burn. D)fourth-degree burn.

A)first-degree burn.

The movement of protein molecules within the phospholipid bilayer is described by the A)fluid mosaic model. B)lipid mosaic model. C)protein - lipid mosaic model. D)cholesterol mosaic model.

A)fluid mosaic model

A __________ is a rounded opening through a bone. A)foramen B)fossa C)trochanter D)condyle

A)foramen

The primary motor cortex is located in the _____ lobe. A)frontal B)parietal C)temporal D)occipital

A)frontal

A condition described by excessive body and facial hair in women is A)hirsutism. B)decubitus ulcer. C)scabies. D)alopecia.

A)hirsutism.

The sliding filament theory of muscle contraction describes A)how a sarcomere shortens. B)the disappearance of the A band. C)the movement of the myosin in relation to the actin. D)All apply

A)how a sarcomere shortens.

People who can see far objects better than those that are close have A)hyperopiA. B)myopia. C)presbyopia. D)astigmatism.

A)hyperopia

The ___________ contains adipose tissue,while the ___________ contains melanocytes. A)hypodermis,epidermis B)epidermis,dermis C)skin,hypodermis D)stratum basale,stratum corneum

A)hypodermis,epidermis

Flexion creases in the skin are due to the A)hypodermis. B)epidermis. C)cutaneous membrane. D)dermis.

A)hypodermis.

The olfactory receptors are located A)in the roof of the nasal cavity. B)on nasal mucosa cilia. C)in the back of the throat. D)in the paranasal sinuses.

A)in the roof of the nasal cavity.

In the spinal cord,the gray matter is A)inside with white matter outside. B)outside with white matter inside.

A)inside with white matter outside.

Viscera refers to A)internal organs B)tissues C)cells D)atoms.

A)internal organs.

The portion of the cell cycle when a cell is not dividing and doing what it is designed to do is called A)interphase. B)mitosis. C)apoptosis. D)exterophase.

A)interphase.

The movement of H2O across a plasma membrane A)is called osmosis. B)is called diffusion. C)requires energy. D)is called osmosis and requires energy.

A)is called osmosis.

When a cell is placed into a(n)__________ solution,the cell maintains its size. A)isotonic B)hypotonic C)hypertonic

A)isotonic

The extensor digitorum is named for A)its action and attachment. B)its location and action. C)its size and attachment. D)its number of attachments and shape.

A)its action and attachment.

Osteocytes live in small spaces within the calcified bone called A)lacunae. B)canaliculi. C)lamellae. D)the central canal.

A)lacunae.

The stage of a muscle twitch that occurs from the point of stimulation to the beginning of contraction is called the _____ period? A)latent B)lag C)contraction D)refractory

A)latent

Which is (are)involved in refraction? A)lens B)iris C)choroid D)All apply.

A)lens

An exaggerated lumbar curvature is called A)lordosis. B)kyphosis. C)hunchback. D)scoliosis.

A)lordosis.

Information from muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs are used for A)maintaining equilibrium and posture. B)processing pain. C)registering pressure. D)registering light touch.

A)maintaining equilibrium and posture.

The most superior part of the sternum is the A)manubrium. B)styloid process. C)xiphoid process. D)None apply.

A)manubrium.

The ossicles are part of the A)middle ear. B)outer ear. C)inner ear.

A)middle ear

The function of muscle spindles is to detect A)muscle or tendon stretch. B)muscle or tendon contraction. C)muscle or tendon relaxation. D)None apply.

A)muscle or tendon stretch.

Actin and myosin are found in A)muscle. B)bone. C)blood. D)cartilage.

A)muscle.

When a nerve is at its resting potential,the inside charge is A)negative. B)positive. C)neutral.

A)negative.

Integration and coordination are part of the body's A)nervous system. B)skin. C)skeleton. D)cardiovascular system.

A)nervous system.

Restful activities are governed by the A)parasympathetic nervous system. B)sympathetic nervous system. C)both parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.

A)parasympathetic nervous system.

A fascicle of axons is surrounded by the A)perineurium. B)endoneurium. C)epineurium. D)myelin sheath.

A)perineurium.

Digestive sacs found in cells that help to detoxify drugs and alcohol are A)peroxisomes. B)centrioles. C)ribosomes. D)rough ER.

A)peroxisomes.

The plasma membrane consists primarily of A)phospholipids and proteins. B)sugars and starches. C)phospholipids and sugars. D)sugars and proteins.

A)phospholipids and proteins.

Age-related decline in hearing is called A)presbycusis. B)otosclerosis. C)conduction deafness. D)sensorineural deafness.

A)presbycusis.

The muscle that does most of the work for a particular movement is called the A)prime mover. B)synergist. C)insertion. D)antagonist.

A)prime mover.

The formation of spindle fibers occurs during A)prophase. B)metaphase. C)anaphase. D)telophase.

A)prophase.

Summation is A)receiving many impulses in rapid succession. B)the period between stimulation and contraction. C)the depletion of ATP. D)a single contraction that lasts only a fraction of a seconD.

A)receiving many impulses in rapid succession.

Degenerative changes in joints can be slowed or stopped by A)regular weight-bearing exercise. B)resting the joints. C)nonweight-bearing exercise. D)None apply.

A)regular weight-bearing exercise.

Photoreceptors are located in the A)retina. B)cornea. C)choroids. D)sclera.

A)retina

The photopigment rhodopsin is found in A)rods. B)cones.

A)rods.

The inferior rectus muscle A)rolls the eye downward. B)rotates the eye clockwise. C)turns the eye inward,toward the midline. D)rolls the eye upward

A)rolls the eye downward.

The special name for the plasma membrane of a muscle fiber is the A)sarcolemma. B)sarcoplasm. C)T tubules. D)sarcoplasmic reticulum.

A)sarcolemma

Cancers of connective tissue are called A)sarcomas. B)carcinomas. C)leukemias. D)lymphomas.

A)sarcomas.

The muscle that helps you to sit "Indian style" is the A)sartorius. B)iliopsoas. C)rectus femoris. D)gluteus medius.

A)sartorius.

The posterior root of a spinal nerve contains ________fibers,while the anterior root contains ______ fibers. A)sensory;motor B)sensory;association C)motor;sensory D)motor;association

A)sensory;motor

Farsightedness is due to a(n) A)shortened eyeball. B)elongated eyeball. C)damaged lens. D)damaged cornea.

A)shortened eyeball.

A bone that is broken but does not pierce the skin is a(n) A)simple fracture. B)complete fracture. C)compound fracture. D)incomplete fracture.

A)simple fracture.

Nerve signals from the general body senses travel up the spinal cord to the thalamus and then to the A)somatosensory area of the parietal lobe. B)prefrontal area of the frontal lobe. C)visual area of the occipital lobe. D)primary motor area of the frontal lobe.

A)somatosensory area of the parietal lobe.

A sudden,involuntary muscular contraction is a A)spasm. B)cramp. C)sprain. D)tendinitis.

A)spasm

The sella turcica is a feature of the A)sphenoid bone. B)ethmoid bone. C)vomer. D)occipital bone.

A)sphenoid bone.

An action potential begins with a A)stimulus. B)depolarization. C)repolarization. D)refractory period

A)stimulus.

Skeletal muscle is A)striated and voluntary. B)striated and involuntary. C)smooth and involuntary.

A)striated and voluntary.

The small gap between two successive neurons is called the A)synaptic cleft. B)axon terminal. C)dendrite terminal. D)neurotransmitter.

A)synaptic cleft.

The sensory receptors for taste are located in A)taste buds. B)salivary glands. C)the teeth. D)the cheeks.

A)taste buds.

Cytokinesis occurs during A)telophase. B)metaphase. C)anaphase. D)prophase.

A)telophase.

The auditory cortex is located in the A)temporal lobe. B)parietal lobe. C)insula. D)occipital lobe.

A)temporal lobe

A prime mover for raising the mandible is the A)temporalis. B)depressor labii inferioris. C)zygomaticus. D)levator anguli oris.

A)temporalis.

Cerebrospinal fluid is associated with A)the meninges. B)serosae of the thoracic cavity. C)synovial joints. D)visceral peritoneum.

A)the meninges

Rigor mortis occurs because A)there is no ATP to relax the muscles. B)the body temperature drops. C)there are no brain waves. D)there are no nerve signals.

A)there is no ATP to relax the muscles.

Which lower leg bone is thicker and medial? A)tibia B)humerus C)fibula D)femur

A)tibia

A group of similar cells performing a specialized function is referred to as a(n) A)tissue B)organ C)molecule D)system

A)tissue

A motor neuron carries impulses A)to muscles and glands. B)to the CNS. C)always within the CNS.

A)to muscles and glands.

If the heart is cut to give the atria and the ventricles,it was cut on a A)transverse plane B)midsagittal plane C)frontal plane D)longitudinal section.

A)transverse plane.

The _______ will adduct the scapulae and help extend the neck. A)trapezius B)temporalis C)sternocleidomastoid D)deltoid

A)trapezius

Poorly oxygenated blood in the dermis will cause an individual to A)turn cyanotic. B)blush. C)have pallor. D)be pinkish.

A)turn cyanotic

The subscapularis muscle is A)under the scapulA. B)above the scapula. C)inferior to the scapula. D)beside the scapula.

A)under the scapula

Most of the stomach would be found in the _______ quadrant of the abdominal cavity. A)upper left B)upper right C)lower left D)lower right

A)upper left

The ascending and descending tracts of the spinal cord are part of the A)white matter. B)gray matter. C)both gray matter and white matter.

A)white matter.

Tracts of myelinated axons in the CNS make up the A)white matter. B)gray matter. C)cerebrospinal fluid. D)ventricles.

A)white matter.

The most inferior part of the sternum is called the A)xiphoid process. B)manubrium. C)clavicle. D)costal cartilage.

A)xiphoid process.

The medullary cavity contains A)yellow marrow. B)spongy bone. C)the periosteum. D)red marrow.

A)yellow marrow.

The _______ is used to smile. A)zygomaticus B)buccinator C)frontalis D)orbicularis oris

A)zygomaticus

Which of the following functions in protein production? A)Ribosomes B)Golgi apparatus C)Rough ER D)Ribosomes,Golgi apparatus,and rough ER

D)Ribosomes,Golgi apparatus,and rough ER

Most of the liver is found in which abdominopelvic region? A)Left iliac B)Right lumbar C)Umbilical D)Right hypochondriac

D)Right hypochondriac

What type of cutaneous receptor would be the first to respond to a touch that barely contacts the skin of the forearm? A)Merkel disk B)Pacinian corpusle C)Meissner corpuscle D)Root hair plexus

D)Root hair plexus

What type of synovial joint movement is the movement of a body part around its own axis? A)Flexion B)Supination C)Pronation D)Rotation

D)Rotation

Which ear component tells your brain that you are standing on your head? A)Semicircular canals B)Utricle C)Spiral organ D)Saccule

D)Saccule

What type of synovial joint is found between the carpal and metacarpal of the thumb? A)Pivot B)Hinge C)Condyloid D)Saddle

D)Saddle

Which of the following provides the best example of a negative feedback control mechanism? A)Increased body temperature due to exercise B)Increased uterine contractions in labor C)Putting on a sweater because you are cold D)Shivering in order to generate heat due to a drop in body temperature

D)Shivering in order to generate heat due to a drop in body temperature

What type of epithelium is found where simple diffusion occurs? A)Simple columnar B)Pseudostratified columnar C)Stratified squamous D)Simple squamous

D)Simple squamous

Which effectors of the PNS are served by somatic motor nerves? A)Cardiac muscle B)Glands C)Smooth muscle D)Skeletal muscle

D)Skeletal muscle

Which of the following is NOT a lobe of the cerebrum? A)Occipital lobe B)Frontal lobe C)Temporal lobe D)Sphenoid lobe

D)Sphenoid lobe

Which anatomical feature of a vertebra is felt down the middle of the neck and back? A)Lamina B)Pedicle C)Transverse process D)Spinous process

D)Spinous process

Which suture is between the parietal and temporal bones? A)Sagittal suture B)Coronal suture C)Lambdoidal suture D)Squamosal suture

D)Squamosal suture

In which layer of the epidermis are cells constantly dividing? A)Stratum corneum B)Stratum lucidum C)Stratum dermis D)Stratum basale

D)Stratum basale

Which layer of the epidermis protects from abrasion and is found only in thick skin? A)Stratum basale B)Hypodermis C)Stratum corneum D)Stratum lucidum

D)Stratum lucidum

Which of the following are examples of chemoreceptors? A)Taste B)Olfaction C)Proprioception D)Taste and olfaction

D)Taste and olfaction

A disease involving a missing or inactive lysosomal enzyme in nerve cells is called A)Golgi's disease. B)multiple sclerosis. C)neuritis. D)Tay-Sachs disease.

D)Tay-Sachs disease.

Which of the following bones is NOT part of the orbit of the eye? A)Ethmoid B)Palatine C)Zygomatic D)Temporal

D)Temporal

What type of epithelium is found in the urinary bladder and allows it to stretch and slide to create a barrier? A)Simple columnar epithelium B)Stratified squamous epithelium C)Stratified cuboidal epithelium D)Transitional epithelium

D)Transitional epithelium

Which of the following cranial nerves is NOT a purely sensory nerve? A)Vestibulocochlear B)Olfactory C)Optic D)Trochlear

D)Trochlear

What structure separates the outer ear from the middle ear? A)Auditory tube B)Round window C)Oval window D)Tympanic membrane

D)Tympanic membrane

Which cranial nerve is NOT associated with the tongue? A)Glossopharyngeal B)Hypoglossal C)Trigeminal D)Vagus

D)Vagus

Which of the following bones forms the cheek-bone? A)Maxilla and mandible B)Nasal and lacrimal C)Vomer and ethmoid D)Zygomatic and temporal

D)Zygomatic and temporal

Athlete's foot is A)a bacterial infection. B)caused by over keratinization. C)caused by sensitivity to chemicals. D)a fungal infection.

D)a fungal infection.

The socket on the coxal bone that articulates with the head of the femur is the A)pelvic aperature. B)greater sciatic notch. C)obturator foramen. D)acetabulum.

D)acetabulum.

The neurotransmitter used by the parasympathetic nervous system is A)norepinephrine. B)dopamine. C)serotonin. D)acetylcholine.

D)acetylcholine.

A disease that occurs suddenly and does not last a long time is considered A)chronic. B)local. C)systemiC. D)acute.

D)acute

The correct name for Lou Gehrig's disease is A)fibromyalgiA. B)myasthenia gravis. C)muscular dystrophy. D)amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

D)amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

When mRNA molecules are formed,they are complementary to DNA with the exception that A)an A in DNA matches a T in mRNA. B)a T in DNA matches an C in mRNA. C)an A in DNA matches a G in mRNA. D)an A in DNA matches a U in mRNA.

D)an A in DNA matches a U in mRNA.

The separation of sister chromatids,being pulled toward the centrioles occurs in A)metaphase. B)telophase. C)prophase. D)anaphase.

D)anaphase.

Observing the parts of the brain would be part of the study of A)homeostasis B)physiology C)anthropology D)anatomy

D)anatomy

The addition of new bone on top of existing bone to increase bone thickness is called A)endochondral ossification. B)intramembranous ossification. C)osteoprogenesis. D)appositional growth.

D)appositional growth.

The _____ flexes and adducts the arm. A)serratus anterior B)deltoid C)latissimus dorsi D)pectoralis major

D)pectoralis major

A white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is an example of A)pinocytosis. B)exocytosis. C)active transport. D)phagocytosis.

D)phagocytosis.

The atlas and axis are examples of a __________ joint. A)ball-and-socket B)hinge C)gliding D)pivot

D)pivot

Red marrow A)produces blood cells. B)is located in spongy bone. C)is located in the epiphyseal plate. D)produces blood cells and is located in spongy bone.

D)produces blood cells and is located in spongy bone.

The chromosomes shorten and thicken so that they become visible occurs during A)metaphase. B)telophase. C)anaphase. D)prophase.

D)prophase.

Repair of a bone fracture is called A)remodeling. B)splinting. C)ossification. D)reduction.

D)reduction.

The function of the nucleolus is to make A)mitochondriA. B)endoplasmic reticulum. C)chromosomes. D)ribosomes.

D)ribosomes.

The smooth ER that stores calcium ions is the A)sarcolemmA. B)sarcoplasm. C)T tubules. D)sarcoplasmic reticulum.

D)sarcoplasmic reticulum

Protection and support is the function of the ____ of the eye. A)retina B)cornea C)choroid D)sclera

D)sclera

An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is called A)lordosis. B)kyphosis. C)hunchback. D)scoliosis.

D)scoliosis.

A cell that has crenated has A)swollen up. B)burst. C)broken in half. D)shrunk.

D)shrunk.

The presence of cholesterol molecules in plasma membranes is to A)allow the buildup of fats. B)change the chemical nature of the membrane. C)create a mosaic pattern. D)stabilize the phospholipids at low temperatures.

D)stabilize the phospholipids at low temperatures.

Homeostasis refers to A)changing external conditions. B)stable external conditions. C)changing internal conditions. D)stable internal conditions.

D)stable internal conditions.

What are proteins composed of? Multiple choice question. Nucleic acids Fatty acids Amino acids Monosaccharides

Amino acids

What is an action potential? An electrical signal transmitted down the length of an axon The energy stored in a resting neuron The restoration of a neuron to resting potential The diffusion of a neurotransmitter across the synaptic cleft of the NMJ

An electrical signal transmitted down the length of an axon

Explain the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond

An ionic bond is formed when oppositely charged ions are attracted to one another;a covalent bond is formed when atoms share electrons.

Which arrow in the following equation represents dehydration? A)Arrow 1 B)Arrow 2

Arrow 1

What role do some vitamins play in chemical reactions? A)As a coenzyme B)As a substrate C)As an enzyme D)As energy

As a coenzyme

Why is DNA replication required prior to mitosis?

As a result of DNA replication,the chromosomes that form at the beginning of mitosis contain two identical chromatids.Therefore,each chromosome has a double copy of its genetic information.One copy of the genetic information can be sent to each daughter cell that forms during cell division.

List the levels of organization of the human body in order from least complex to most complex and provide a brief description of each level.

Atom = Microscopic subcomponent particle of all chemicals. Molecule = Formed when atoms join together. Macromolecule = Large molecule formed from smaller subunit molecules. Organelle = Membranous structure that performs a function in a cell. Cell = Basic unit of all living things. Tissue = Formed from similar types of cells. Organ = Composed of several types of tissues and performs a particular function in an organ system. Organ system = A collection of organs that work together to perform a broad function in an organism. Organism = A human being.

In order to initiate an action potential, electrical impulses gather and accumulate in the

Axon Hillock

Which of these is an inflammatory skin disorder caused by sensitivity to chemicals, heat or dryness? Impetigo Eczema Candidiasis Urticaria

Eczema

Which subatomic particle determines the chemical activity of an atom? A)Neutron B)Proton C)Electron D)Prion

Electron

Explain how enzymes are essential to the body's homeostasis.

Enzymes are proteins that function as organic catalysts that speed up chemical reactions.They are necessary for the chemical working of the cells and the body.

Which layer of the skin lacks blood vessels? Epidermis Dermis Hypodermis

Epidermis

What are the functions of the ear? Taste Equilibrium Hearing Vision Olfaction

Equilibrium Hearing

Which of the following statements indicates the way in which the body's natural defenses protect against UV damage? The skin is naturally protected by the production of a yellowish pigment called carotene. In the presence of sunlight, hemoglobin circulation increases in order to form a protective barrier. Exposure to the sun increases melanin production which acts as a natural sunscreen.

Exposure to the sun increases melanin production which acts as a natural sunscreen.

Hair is normally found on all parts of the human body. True False

False

Receptors all over the body are very specific in the type of stimulus they respond to. Receptors all over the body are somewhat,but not completely specialized. True False

False

The afferent division of the peripheral nervous system carries motor fibers.

False

The posterior (dorsal)body cavity is lined with the synovial membrane. True/False

False : The posterior (dorsal)body cavity is lined with the meninges.

The respiratory system delivers oxygen to the cells. (True/False)

False :The cardiovascular system delivers oxygen to cells.The respiratory system delivers the oxygen to the blood.

A very strong stimulus produces a more intense action potential. True False

False A very strong stimulus does not increase the intensity of the action potential.

The foot is proximal to the knee (True/False)

False. The foot is distal to the knee.

True or false: Polysaccharides are formed when two monosaccharides are chemically combined.

False: Reason: Polysaccharides are the result of many monosaccharides being chemically combined. A disaccharide is produced when two monosaccharides are joined together.

True or false: Triglycerides and phospholipids have the same degree of water solubility.

False: Reason: Phospholipids are partially soluble in water because they have a polar phosphate head, whereas triglycerides are not water soluble.

True or false: The axon of one neuron is directly attached to the dendrite of another neuron.

False: Reason: Neurons are not in physical contact with each other, there is a synaptic cleft, a tiny space, between neurons.

A bundle of muscles fibers is a myofilament. True False

False: A bundle of muscle fibers is a fascicle.

True False: weak base will accept many hydrogen ions.

False: A strong base will accept many hydrogen ions.

The ABCDE rule is used to determine the skin area involved in a burn. True or False

False: ABCDE rule is used to determine signs of melanoma skin cancer.

All body systems work independently to provide homeostasis. True/False

False: All body systems work together to provide homeostasis.

The plasma membrane is a solid that holds the contents inside the cell. True False

False: The plasma membrane is a liquid that holds the contents inside the cell.

The process of "cell drinking" is known as phagocytosis. True False

False: The process of "cell drinking" is known as pinocytosis.

The process of translation creates the secondary structure of a polypeptide. True False

False: The process of translation creates the primary structure of a polypeptide.

The scapula is part of the axial skeleton. True False

False: The scapula is part of the appendicular skeleton.

Somatic nociceptors are stimulated by excessive stretching of internal organs. True False

False: Visceral nociceptors are stimulated by excessive stretching of internal organs.

A structure located in front of another is: A) medial B) anterior C) superior D) posterior

B) anterior

Which of the following structures are located in the axial portion of the body? A) upper and lower limbs B) head, neck and trunk

B) head, neck and trunk

How many pairs of ribs are found in humans? A)10 B)12 C)14 D)18

B)12

There are ____ pairs of cranial nerves and ____ pairs of spinal nerves. A)31;12 B)12;31 C)10;12 D)15;30

B)12;31

The skin consists of ____ region(s). A)1 B)2 C)3 D)4

B)2

Which of the following obeys the all-or-none law? A)The whole muscle B)A muscle fiber C)The whole muscle and a muscle fiber

B)A muscle fiber

What type of axon will experience the fastest conduction of an action potential? A)A myelinated,thin axon B)A myelinated,thick axon C)A non-myelinated,thin axon D)A non-myelinated,thick axon

B)A myelinated,thick axon

The liver would be found in which cavity? A)Dorsal cavity B)Abdominal cavity C)Pericardial cavity D)Pleural cavity

B)Abdominal cavity

What is released from axon terminals to stimulate a muscle fiber to contract? A)Calcium ions B)Acetylcholine C)ATP D)Troponin

B)Acetylcholine

The front of the elbow is which region? A)Cubital B)Antecubital C)Brachial D)Antebrachial

B)Antecubital

Which type of gland opens into hair follicles and secretes sweat after puberty? A)Sebaceous glands B)Apocrine sweat glands C)Eccrine sweat glands D)Ceruminous glands

B)Apocrine sweat glands

What cortex areas are involved with integration and memory? A)Primary motor areas B)Association areas C)Somatosensory areas D)Processing areas

B)Association areas

Which system is concerned with internal organs (viscera)? A)Somatic B)Autonomic C)Somatic and autonomic

B)Autonomic

Which of the following will NOT aid in maintaining mental functions as we age? A)Exercise B)Avoiding groups of people C)Playing Scrabble© D)Keeping good heart health

B)Avoiding groups of people

In which direction does the transmission cross a synapse? A)Dendrite to axon B)Axon to dendrite C)Either way D)Both ways

B)Axon to dendrite

What structure anchors cilia and flagella? A)Microvilli B)Basal body C)Hilus D)Hillock

B)Basal body

What characteristic makes blood different from other types of connective tissue? A)Blood is made of several types of cells. B)Blood matrix is not made by the blood cells. C)Blood has no matrix. D)All apply.

B)Blood matrix is not made by the blood cells.

Along with sweat glands,what actively regulates body temperature? A)Adipose tissue B)Blood vessels C)Sebaceous glands D)All apply.

B)Blood vessels

What are found in lacunae of bone? A)Blood vessels B)Bone cells C)Nerves D)Blood vessels and nerves

B)Bone cells

The cheek is which region? A)Occipital B)Buccal C)Oral D)Mental

B)Buccal

What mineral is most important for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis? A)Vitamin A B)Calcium C)Sodium D)Carbon

B)Calcium

Which system are the blood vessels part of? A)Endocrine B)Cardiovascular C)Reproductive D)Nervous

B)Cardiovascular

In the ABCDE rule for melanoma,"B" stands for A)borders that are even. B)borders that are irregular. C)burning feeling. D)bright colors.

B)borders that are irregular.

The central nervous system includes the A)spinal nerves. B)brain. C)cranial nerves. D)sensory receptors.

B)brain.

The largest of the ankle bones that forms the heel is the A)talus. B)calcaneus. C)navicular. D)cuboid

B)calcaneus

Cancers of epithelial tissues are called A)sarcomas. B)carcinomas. C)leukemias. D)lymphomas.

B)carcinomas.

Dandruff is A)a viral infection of the scalp. B)caused by over keratinization. C)caused by sensitivity to chemicals. D)a fungal infection of the scalp.

B)caused by over keratinization.

The chromosomes attach to spindle fibers by their A)chromatid. B)centromere. C)centrosome. D)aster.

B)centromere.

Doing arm circles is an example of A)plantar flexion. B)circumduction. C)inversion. D)depression.

B)circumduction.

Another name for the collarbone is the A)scapulA. B)clavicle. C)sternum. D)xiphoiD.

B)clavicle.

Which type of fiber found in connective tissue provides flexible strength? A)reticular B)collagen C)keratin D)elastic

B)collagen

The corrective lens for those with hyperopia is _______ which will bend the light rays more so that they focus on the retina. A)concave B)convex

B)convex

The inner membrane folds of mitochondria,where many of the reactions of aerobic cellular respiration occur,are called A)smooth ER. B)cristae. C)grana. D)thylakoid membranes.

B)cristae.

Continuous pressure that reduces blood supply to the skin can result in a(n) A)urticariA. B)decubitus ulcer. C)hirsutism. D)callus.

B)decubitus ulcer.

The _______ will abduct the arm. A)serratus anterior B)deltoid C)latissimus dorsi D)pectoralis major

B)deltoid

Hair is produced by epithelial cells located in the A)epidermis. B)dermis. C)hypodermis. D)dermis and hypodermis.

B)dermis.

The shaft of a long bone is the A)periosteum. B)diaphysis. C)articular cartilage. D)endosteum.

B)diaphysis.

Nearsightedness is due to a(n) A)shortened eyeball. B)elongated eyeball. C)damaged lens. D)damaged cornea.

B)elongated eyeball.

Glands that secrete products directly into the blood are A)exocrine glands. B)endocrine glands. C)goblet glands. D)plasma glands.

B)endocrine glands.

Secretion of substances made by a cell would occur by the process of A)pinocytosis. B)exocytosis. C)endocytosis. D)phagocytosis.

B)exocytosis.

The three pair of muscles attached to the outside of the eyeball that are used for eye movement are called ____ muscles. A)intrinsic B)extrinsic

B)extrinsic

A chronic condition of achy pain,tenderness,and stiff muscles is called A)a strain. B)fibromyalgia. C)tendinitis. D)a cramp.

B)fibromyalgia.

The phalanges are the bones of the A)hand. B)fingers. C)wrist. D)foot.

B)fingers.

Sperm use __________ for movement. A)cilia B)flagella C)microvilli D)microfilaments

B)flagella

A carrier protein is required A)for passive transport. B)for active transport. C)to move water. D)for passive transport and to move water.

B)for active transport.

The lens of the eye rounds up or bulges A)for distant vision. B)for close vision. C)when a person is frightened. D)when sleeping.

B)for close vision.

The spinal cord begins at the ________ and ends at the ________. A)foramen magnum;sacrum B)foramen magnum;first lumbar vertebrae C)fifth cervical vertebrae;coccyx D)second cervical vertebrae;first lumbar vertebrae

B)foramen magnum;first lumbar vertebrae

The __________ raises your eyebrow. A)biceps brachii B)frontalis C)hamstring group D)gluteus maximus

B)frontalis

Which extracellular junction allows for the transfer of materials between adjacent cells? A)adhesion junction B)gap junction C)tight junction D)membrane junction

B)gap junction

The buildup of pressure due to an increased amount of aqueous humor is known as A)cataracts. B)glaucoma. C)a sty. D)astigmatism.

B)glaucoma

The elbow is an example of a __________ joint. A)ball-and-socket B)hinge C)gliding D)pivot

B)hinge

Myoglobin A)breaks down glycogen. B)holds a reserve supply of oxygen in muscle cells. C)is a protein involved in the addition of a phosphate to ADP. D)produces the axon terminal signal.

B)holds a reserve supply of oxygen in muscle cells.

When a cell is placed into a(n)__________ solution,water enters the cell. A)isotonic B)hypotonic C)hypertonic

B)hypotonic

Conduction deafness may be due to damage to the A)organ of Corti. B)incus,malleus,and stapes. C)cochlear nerve. D)All apply.

B)incus,malleus,and stapes

The gluteus maximus muscle is named for A)its size and shape. B)its size and location. C)its shape and action. D)its attachment and fiber direction.

B)its size and location.

What is the function of DNA polymerase? A)breaks hydrogen bonds between DNA strands B)joins nucleotides of the complementary DNA strand C)joins amino acids to form a protein D)None apply.

B)joins nucleotides of the complementary DNA strand

The structure that produces tears is called the A)conjunctivA. B)lacrimal apparatus. C)aqueous humor. D)sclera.

B)lacrimal apparatus.

The dural venous sinuses are found between A)the dura and pia maters. B)layers of the dura mater. C)the arachnoid and pia maters. D)layers of the pia mater.

B)layers of the dura mater.

Q 35An emotional response to an odor means that the _______ is involved. A)reticular activating system B)limbic system C)somatosensory area D)cerebrospinal fluid

B)limbic system

An ear infection is considered a/an ______ disease. A)orbital B)local C)systemic D)pandemic

B)local

Transcription involves _________,where translation involves _______. A)polypeptide synthesis;mRNA synthesis B)mRNA synthesis;polypeptide synthesis C)amino acids;nucleotides

B)mRNA synthesis;polypeptide synthesis

Blindness caused by abnormal blood vessel growth in the retina is A)cataracts. B)macular degeneration. C)glaucoma. D)conjunctivitis.

B)macular degeneration.

The _______ is used for actual chewing. A)buccinator B)masseter C)zygomaticus D)Both the buccinator and masseter.

B)masseter

The protective membranes around the brain and spinal cord are the A)ventricles. B)meninges. C)serous membranes. D)arbor vitae.

B)meninges.

Another name for the bones of the hand is A)tarsals. B)metacarpals. C)carpals. D)phalanges.

B)metacarpals.

The chromosomes lining up randomly at the equator of the cell occurs during A)prophase. B)metaphase. C)anaphase. D)telophase.

B)metaphase.

The bones that form the instep of the foot are the A)carpals. B)metatarsals. C)metacarpals. D)tarsals.

B)metatarsals.

The division of the nucleus is A)cytokinesis. B)mitosis. C)interphase. D)telophase.

B)mitosis.

Vitamin D is needed by the body to A)form keratin. B)move calcium and phosphorus into the bones. C)make blood cells. D)help the skin tan.

B)move calcium and phosphorus into the bones.

A single muscle contraction lasting a fraction of a second is a A)myogram. B)muscle twitch. C)motor unit. D)tetanic contraction.

B)muscle twitch.

An autoimmune disease caused by a reduction of acetylcholine needed to stimulate skeletal muscles to contract is A)fibromyalgiA. B)myasthenia gravis. C)muscular dystrophy. D)osteoarthritis.

B)myasthenia gravis.

People who can see close objects better than those far away have A)hyperopiA. B)myopia. C)presbyopia. D)astigmatism.

B)myopia.

A neuron is a A)muscle cell. B)nerve cell. C)fiber cell. D)cartilage cell.

B)nerve cell.

The two organ systems involved in controlling all other systems to maintain homeostasis are the A)skeletal and muscular. B)nervous and endocrine. C)urinary and respiratory. D)endocrine and digestive.

B)nervous and endocrine.

Neuroglia are associated with A)bone cells. B)neurons. C)muscle fibers. D)blood cells.

B)neurons.

Proteins that are mainly used inside the cell are synthesized A)in the nucleus. B)on polyribosomes. C)on rough ER. D)in the nucleoli.

B)on polyribosomes.

Small structures that compartmentalize the cell for the various cellular activities are A)nuclei. B)organelles. C)matrices. D)proteins.

B)organelles

The external auditory canal is part of the A)middle ear. B)outer ear. C)inner ear.

B)outer ear.

Reduced blood flow into the dermis will cause A)cyanosis. B)pallor. C)blushing. D)jaundice.

B)pallor.

The primary somatosensory area is located in the _____ lobe. A)frontal B)parietal C)temporal D)occipital

B)parietal

Bringing solutions into a cell is called A)facilitated diffusion. B)pinocytosis. C)exocytosis. D)phagocytosis.

B)pinocytosis.

The spinal cord is __________ to the esophagus. A)anterior B)posterior C)ventral D)inferior

B)posterior

An inhibitory neurotransmitter will cause A)sodium gates to open into the cell. B)potassium gates to open out of the cell. C)sodium and chloride gates to open into the cell. D)chloride gates to open out of the cell.

B)potassium gates to open out of the cell

The centrioles moving apart to opposite poles occurs during A)telophase. B)prophase. C)metaphase. D)anaphase.

B)prophase.

The ______ will straighten your leg (extend)at the knee. A)adductor group B)quadriceps femoris C)hamstring group D)gluteus maximus

B)quadriceps femoris

The time between action potentials when a neuron is unable to respond to a stimulus is called the A)resting potential. B)refractory period. C)saltatory period. D)depolarization period.

B)refractory period.

Lymphatic tissue is composed of A)loose connective tissue. B)reticular connective tissue. C)dense irregular connective tissue. D)dense regular connective tissue.

B)reticular connective tissue.

The rough ER is covered with A)Golgi apparatus. B)ribosomes. C)lysosomes. D)nucleoli.

B)ribosomes.

The epidermis and part of the dermis are damaged from a A)first-degree burn. B)second-degree burn. C)third-degree burn. D)fourth-degree burn.

B)second-degree burn.

The process of meiosis produces A)body cells. B)sex cells. C)skin cells. D)hair cells.

B)sex cells.

During depolarization A)many potassium ions move outside the neuron. B)sodium ions move inside the neuron. C)electrons stream along the axon. D)calcium ions move inside the neuron.

B)sodium ions move inside the neuron.

A stimulus will open ion channels that will allow ________ to flow into the neuron,causing the inside to become______________ charged. A)sodium,negatively B)sodium,positively C)potassium,negatively D)potassium,positively

B)sodium,positively

A ________ is a sharp,slender process on a bone for muscle attachment. A)crest B)spine C)tubercle D)head

B)spine

What is the large opening in the coxal bone that allows blood vessels and nerves to pass anteriorly into the leg? A)Pelvic aperture B)Greater sciatic notch C)Obturator foramen D)Acetabulum

C)Obturator foramen

Where does the visual pathway cross so that each optic tract carries impulses from the opposite visual field? A)Thalamus B)Optic radiations C)Optic chiasma D)Optic nerve

C)Optic chiasma

Which part of a muscle is on the stationary bone? A)Insertion B)Prime mover C)Origin

C)Origin

What structures in the utricle and saccule interact with the stereocilia to produce action potentials? A)Ampullae B)Cupulae C)Otoliths D)Cochlea

C)Otoliths

Which of the following is NOT a component of the semicircular canals? A)Ampulla B)Cupula C)Otoliths D)Endolymph

C)Otoliths

Which of the following is NOT a stimulus that will activate a chemoreceptor? A)Taste of pizza B)Carbon dioxide level of the blood C)Oxygen deprivation in a visceral organ D)Smell of roses

C)Oxygen deprivation in a visceral organ

Which of the following is NOT a cutaneous receptor sensitive to fine touch? A)Meissner corpuscles B)Root hair plexus C)Pacinian corpuscles D)Merkel disks

C)Pacinian corpuscles

Which of the following cutaneous receptors is NOT correctly matched with its stimulus? A)Krause end bulbs - pressure B)Free nerve endings - heat or cold C)Pacinian corpuscles - fine touch D)Ruffini endings - pressure

C)Pacinian corpuscles - fine touch

What are the structures that are air-filled spaces of the skull bones? A)Sutures B)Fontanels C)Paranasal sinuses D)Lacrimal ducts

C)Paranasal sinuses

Which of the following refers to the membrane lining the abdominal cavity wall? A)Parietal pericardium B)Visceral peritoneum C)Parietal peritoneum D)Visceral pleura

C)Parietal peritoneum

What differentiates passive transport from active transport? A)Passive transport moves substances into cells,while active transport moves substances out of cells. B)Passive transport requires carriers,while active transport does not. C)Passive transport does not use cellular energy,while active transport uses cellular energy. D)Passive transport only moves water,while active transport only moves proteins.

C)Passive transport does not use cellular energy,while active transport uses cellular energy.

Which part of the brain works with the medulla oblongata to regulate respiration? A)Reticular formation B)Hippocampus C)Pons D)Midbrain

C)Pons

Which term refers to the back? A)Inferior B)Lateral C)Posterior D)Peripheral

C)Posterior

Which processing center uses information from other areas for reason and planning actions? A)Somatosensory area B)Insula C)Prefrontal area D)Basal nuclei

C)Prefrontal area

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system? A)Production of blood cells B)Support C)Production of heat D)Mineral storage

C)Production of heat

Which of the following events of mitosis is CORRECTLY matched with its phase? A)Metaphase - chromosomes shorten and thicken to become visible B)Telophase - chromosomes line up down the middle of the cell C)Prophase - chromosomes attach to spindle fibers D)Anaphase - new nuclear envelops form around chromosomes

C)Prophase - chromosomes attach to spindle fibers

The _______ aid in inspiration during respiration. A)external intercostals and infrahyoids B)internal intercostals and diaphragm C)diaphragm and external intercostals D)internal and external intercostals

C)diaphragm and external intercostals

Which system is involved in regulating fluid levels and chemical content of the blood? A)Cardiovascular system B)Lymphatic system C)Urinary system D)Digestive system

C)Urinary system

Which of the following is NOT a color pigment found in cones? A)Red B)Green C)Yellow D)Blue

C)Yellow

A person with no color in their skin,hair,and eyes has A)been exposed to the sun. B)a circulatory disorder. C)a genetic disorder. D)a nervous disorder.

C)a genetic disorder.

An inflammation of sebaceous glands that occurs during adolescence is A)impetigo. B)psoriasis. C)acne vulgaris. D)decubitus ulcer.

C)acne vulgaris.

An interneuron carries impulses A)to muscles and glands. B)to the CNS. C)always within the CNS.

C)always within the CNS.

The membrane soft spots of a newborn's skull A)are synovial in nature. B)occur only as a result of illness. C)are called fontanels. D)become foramina.

C)are called fontanels.

The first cervical vertebra that "holds up the head" is the A)axis. B)coccyx. C)atlas. D)mastoid

C)atlas.

The central canals of compact bone contain A)blood vessels. B)nerve fibers. C)both blood vessels and nerve fibers.

C)both blood vessels and nerve fibers.

Mixed nerves contain A)only sensory fibers. B)only motor fibers. C)both sensory and motor fibers.

C)both sensory and motor fibers.

Eczema is A)a bacterial infection. B)caused by over keratinization. C)caused by sensitivity to chemicals. D)caused by overactive cell division giving silvery scales.

C)caused by sensitivity to chemicals.

Absorption of stray light rays occurs in the A)retinA. B)cornea. C)choroid. D)sclera.

C)choroid.

Cytokinesis begins with the formation of an indentation around the cell called the A)asters. B)centromere. C)cleavage furrow. D)equator.

C)cleavage furrow.

The three base sequence on mRNA that matches the triplet of DNA is a(n) A)triplet. B)anticodon. C)codon. D)gene.

C)codon.

The right hand and left foot are ______________ to each other. A)ipsilateral B)posterior C)contralateral D)superficial

C)contralateral

The gelatinous supporting material of a cell is the A)plasma membrane. B)nucleus. C)cytoplasm. D)organelle.

C)cytoplasm

In smooth muscle,the thin filaments are attached to ______ that will draw the cell inward during contraction. A)thick filaments B)Z lines C)dense bodies D)myosin

C)dense bodies

The random movement of simple substances from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration is called A)osmosis. B)filtration. C)diffusion. D)pumping.

C)diffusion.

A system of membranous channels and saccules that runs from the nuclear membrane through the cytoplasm is the A)nucleolus. B)Golgi apparatus. C)endoplasmic reticulum. D)mitochondria.

C)endoplasmic reticulum.

A nerve in the PNS is directly surrounded by the A)perineurium. B)endoneurium. C)epineurium. D)myelin sheath.

C)epineurium.

Water intoxication can be due to A)loss of too much water. B)excessive sweating. C)excessive consumption of pure water. D)excessive consumption of low-sodium sports drinks.

C)excessive consumption of pure water.

The first tissue formed in the repair of a broken bone is A)compact bone. B)spongy bone. C)fibrocartilage. D)hyaline cartilage.

C)fibrocartilage

The _________ will evert the foot. A)gastrocnemius B)tibialis anterior C)fibularis muscles D)extensor digitorum longus

C)fibularis muscles

Bursae are A)tendons. B)types of joints. C)fluid-filled sacs. D)cartilage pads.

C)fluid-filled sacs.

The cones are most densely packed in the A)blind spot. B)vitreous humor. C)fovea centralis. D)choroids.

C)fovea centralis

A wrist is an example of a __________ joint. A)ball-and-socket B)hinge C)gliding D)pivot

C)gliding

Specialized columnar cells that secrete mucus onto the surfaces of the tissue are called A)adipose cells. B)surface cells. C)goblet cells. D)endocrine cells.

C)goblet cells.

The __________ flexes your knee. A)biceps brachii B)quadriceps femoris C)hamstring group D)gluteus maximus

C)hamstring group

A cancer that travels to invade healthy tissue is said to A)be benign. B)be mutated. C)have metastasized. D)None apply.

C)have metastasized.

During endochondral ossification A)hyaline cartilage changes to adipose tissue. B)osteoblasts break down bone. C)hyaline cartilage is replaced by bone. D)simple fractures are more common.

C)hyaline cartilage is replaced by bone.

When a cell is placed into a(n)__________ solution,crenation is possible. A)isotonic B)hypotonic C)hypertonic

C)hypertonic

When you rest your hands on your hips,your hands are on the A)ischial tuberosities. B)pubic symphysis. C)iliac crests. D)pelvic brims.

C)iliac crests.

The major flexor of the thigh that also keeps the trunk from falling backwards when erect is the A)gluteus maximus. B)sartorius. C)iliopsoas. D)adductor group.

C)iliopsoas.

What is ATP used for in the process of muscle contraction? A)Pump calcium ions back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum B)Power stroke of myosin cross-bridge C)Release of myosin from actin D)All apply.

D)All apply.

Every one branches into many fine endings each tipped by a small swelling called a terminal

axon

The portion of a neuron that conducts nerve signals away from the cell body

axon

Osteocytes maintain contact with neighboring osteocytes in adjacent lamellae via dendrite-like extensions called ____________ .

canaliculi

The group of organic compounds that includes sugars and starches and serves as a major energy source for the body is known as .

carbohydrate

The four major organic macromolecules that make up cells are_________lipids,_______and nucleic acids.

carbohydrates, protein

Organic compounds always contain ___________ atoms. A)water B)carbon C)nitrogen D)oxygen

carbon

The heart wall is made up of: cardiac muscle smooth muscle skeletal muscle

cardiac

The type of muscle tissue that is found in the wall of the heart is------ muscle.

cardiac

Transports oxygen and nutrients to the bones and removes wastes from the bones.

cardiovascular System

The bones of the wrist are known as the_____

carpals

An ion is an atom or molecule that A)is in a gaseous state B)carries an electrical charge C)is attracted to a north-seeking pole D)forms a visible glow

carries an electrical charge

Bone is made up of the following active living tissues: cartilage lymphatic tissue dense connective tissue endocrine tissue bone tissue

cartilage dense connective tissue bone tissue

In the reactions that occur in metabolism,enzymes function as A)amino acids. B)lipids. C)catalysts. D)compounds

catalysts

Contains the nucleus and other organelles

cell body

Internal and external signals regulate the division of the cell during the _____ _____. DNA replication metabolism protein synthesis cell cycle

cell cycle

The main function of carbohydrates is to provide A)cellular energy B)insulation C)transport molecules D)hereditary information

cellular energy

Most of the ATP needed for muscle contraction is produced during creatine phosphate synthesis cellular respiration fermentation anaerobic respiration

cellular respiration

____________ ____________ completed in a mitochondrion provides most of a muscle's ATP.

cellular respiration

Located in the middle of osteons, the ____________ contain the arterial, venous, and nervous supply of the compact bones.

central canals

The paired organelle that functions to organize the spindle fibers and the microtubules found in cilia and flagella is the .

centrioles, centriole, or basal body

Which area of the brain shrinks the most as we age, losing as much as 45% of its cells? diencephalon brain stem cerebellum cerebral cortex

cerebral cortex

The largest and most complex component of the nervous system is the _____. medulla oblongata spinal cord cerebellum cerebrum peripheral nervous system

cerebrum

What is the largest part of the brain?

cerebrum

The vascular middle layer of the eye is called the: ciliary body sclera choroid retina

choroid

The three layers of the eye are: vestibule choroid sclera lacrimal retina

choroid sclera retina

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium may include the following characteristics: cilia irregular distribution of nuclei flat, scale-like cells single layer of columnar cells goblet cells

cilia irregular distribution of nuclei single layer of columnar cells goblet cells

The middle layer of the eye is composed of the: ciliary body sclera choroid iris retina

ciliary body choroid iris

The space between the presynaptic neuron and a postsynaptic neuron is called the synaptic _____________.

cleft, or gap

The ability of water molecules to cling to each other is _________,while the ability to cling to other surfaces is ___________. A)cohesion;adhesion B)dissolving;vaporization C)adhesion;cohesion D)cohesion;dissolving

cohesion;adhesion

Scar tissue provides strength to a wound as it consists of: collagen fibers elastic fibers keratin melanin

collagen fibers

Cardiac muscle contraction is similar to contraction in skeletal muscle except that in cardiac muscle, calcium ___. binds to actin instead of to troponin binds to calmodulin initiating muscle contraction comes from outside the cell as well as the sarcoplasmic reticulum

comes from outside the cell as well as the sarcoplasmic reticulum

A molecule made of two or more different atoms bonded together is called a(n) A)ion B)isotope C)atom D)compound

compound

A_________ is the type of molecule that results when two or more different atoms are bound together.

compound

A rounded knob found at a point of articulation on a bone is a: process fossa condyle crest

condyle

The effects of aging on muscles are decrease in strength fusion of muscle to bone increase in neural inputs decrease in mitochondria decrease in size

decrease in strength decrease in mitochondria decrease in size

Any process that causes an irreversible change in the shape of a protein is called A)denaturation. B)emulsification. C)hydrolysis. D)degradation.

denaturation

Conduct signals toward the neuron cell body

dendrites

Shorter branched extensions that receive signals from sensory receptors or other neurons

dendrites

The process of moving large particles or molecules into the cell through pockets made in the plasma membrane is: osmosis diffusion endocytosis exocytosis

endocytosis

Each individual muscle fiber is covered by a layer of connective tissue called the __________. perimysium endomysium epimysium

endomysium

In the body, lipids make up cell membranes, provide insulation, and store________ for future use.

energy

In bone tissue, minerals are responsible for _____, and the collagen fibers provide _____. rigidity, elasticity and strength flexibility, hardness flexibility, strength elasticity and strength, rigidity

rigidity, elasticity and strength

The three semicircular canals are the organs of________ equilibrium.

rotational

The maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment is called .

homeostasis

Identify the bones of the upper limb: scapula clavicle humerus ulna radius

humerus ulna radius

Acids are substances that, when dissolved in water, release _____ ions. helium hydroxide hydrogen sodium

hydrogen

A(n)_________ plane is a cut that separates the body into left and right portions.

sagittal, medial, midsagittal, or median

The bones of the pectoral girdle include the: ribs ulna scapula sternum clavicle

scapula clavicle

The protective, fibrous, outer posterior layer of the eye is the: retina sclera choroid cornea

sclera

The outer layer of the eye consists of the tough white colored_____ and the anterior transparent _________.

sclera cornea

Select all of these that are components of the integumentary system. sebaceous and sweat glands hair and nails the pancreas and large intestine the stomach and liver the skin

sebaceous and sweat glands hair and nails the skin

The coiling or folding of a polypeptide chain is the ________ structure of a protein. A)primary B)secondary C)tertiary D)quaternary

secondary

The plasma membrane allows only certain molecules and ions through because it is: selectively permeable embedded with proteins embedded with cholesterol

selectively permeable

The plasma membrane is said to be__________ _________ because it only allows certain molecules to enter or leave the cell.

selectively permeable

The plasma membrane allows the movement of potassium ions across the membrane while inhibiting the transport of iron. This example demonstrates that the plasma membrane is a(n) _______ membrane. tight junction cytoplasmic semipermeable vesicular

semipermeable

The membranes that cover the ventral cavity and internal organs and secrete lubricating fluid are _______membranes.

serous

When a muscle contracts, it will _____ and produce movement of a body part or the body. lengthen stretch shorten expand

shorten

Hollow cavity in bone

sinus

The type of muscle tissue that is under voluntary control and is attached to the skeleton is muscle.

skeletal

_________muscle tissue has elongated, cylindrical cells, and it is voluntary.

skeletal

List the organ systems that allow for body movement and describe the role each system plays in the production of movement.

skeletal and muscular systems allow for body movement. bones of the skeletal system serve as attachment sites for muscles and contraction of the muscles muscular system serves to move the bones.

The components of the central and peripheral nervous systems are protected by the: respiratory system skeletal system digestive system muscular system integumentary system

skeletal system muscular system integumentary system

The three types of muscle tissue are______ muscle,_____ muscle, and_______ muscle.

skeletal, smooth, cardiac

The cranium and facial bones comprise the_______

skull

Which of the following are characteristics of smooth muscle tissue? slow, long contractions fibers are branched no striations involuntary contain multiple nuclei

slow, long contractions involuntary no striations

Chemical senses in our body can be found in which senses? Hearing Balance Vision Smell Taste

smell taste

-------muscle is found in the walls of blood vessels.

smooth

Muscle tissue that is found in the walls of hollow internal organs and blood vessels is: smooth muscle skeletal muscle cardiac muscle

smooth

Nerves that are attached to the spinal cord are called________ nerves.

spinal

The vertebral column protects the ______, which passes through the vertebral canal. cerebrospinal fluid spinal cord brain spinal nerves

spinal cord

The vertebral column protects the ______, which passes through the vertebral canal. cerebrospinal fluid spinal cord spinal nerves brain

spinal cord

The attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen to a slightly negative oxygen of another molecule describes a(n)________ bond. A)hydrogen B)oxygen C)nitrogen D)ionic

hydrogen

A weak attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and slightly negative oxygen or nitrogen atom results in a(n) _____ bond. ionic covalent hydrogen

hydrogen Reason: Ionic bonds occur between ions, which are fully positive or negative. Although hydrogen bonds can result from polar covalent bonds, they do not involve the sharing of electrons.

An acid is a substance that increases the concentration of_______ ions.

hydrogen, H, or H+

The addition of water in an enzyme catalyzed reaction is a ________ reaction. A)dehydration B)hydrolysis C)exchange D)neutralization

hydrolysis

Substances that are water-loving are called A)hydrophilic B)hydrophobic C)hydrophoriC D)hydrochromic

hydrophilic

Substances, or solutes, that dissolve in water are said to be

hydrophilic or polar

Water-insoluble substances, that do not dissolve in water, are said to be .

hydrophobic, nonpolar, non-polar, or non polar

The bone located in the neck that does not articulate with other bones and attaches to the muscles of the tongue is the_____ bone.

hyoid

The bone located in the neck that does not articulate with other bones and attaches to the muscles of the tongue is the______ bone.

hyoid

The attachment of a muscle onto the bone that is being moved is called the_____________

insertion

In general, embedded proteins that span the entire phospholipid bilayer can also be called__________proteins.

integral, intrinsic, or embedded

The plasma membrane has _____ proteins embedded within and ______ proteins on the surface of the membrane. integral; peripheral peripheral; integral

integral; peripheral

The_________ system supports and protects internal structures, protects against water loss, and helps to regulate the body temperature.

integumentary

Blood and the tissue fluid that surrounds the cells make up the _____ environment of the body. A) external B) internal

internal

The majority of neurons in the gray matter of the spinal cord are: sensory neurons motor neurons interneurons

interneurons

The longest phase of the cell cycle, when the cell is not actively dividing, is called _____________ .

interphase

An atom or group of atoms with a charge is called a(n) A)molecule B)isotope C)compound D)ion

ion

A bond created from the attraction between positively and negatively charged ions is a(n)______ bond A)covalent B)hydrogen C)ionic D)metallic

ionic

Anteriorly, the choroid develops into the__________

iris

Atoms of the same element that have equal numbers of protons but different number of neutrons are called

isotope

12C, 13C and 14C are common ______ of the element carbon.

isotopes

Different forms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons are called A)molecules B)compounds C)isotopes D)lattices

isotopes

The protein found in the epidermis that is responsible for waterproofing and toughening the skin is _______.

keratin

The most abundant cell of the epidermis that produces and stores keratin is a ________________.

keratinocytes

Which organs maintain the electrolyte balance critical for the action potentials in the nervous system? intestines kidneys lungs

kidneys

Tears are produced by the lacrimal apparatus olfactory receptors extrinsic eye muscles retina

lacrimal apparatus

Oxygen debt refers to a high level of ______, and low levels of ______. lactic acid; creatine phosphate creatine phosphate; lactic acid oxygen; carbon dioxide

lactic acid; creatine phosphate

The small chambers that house chondrocytes are called ___________

lacuna or lacunae

Filled with osteocytes, which are osteoblasts encased in matrix, ____________ are found between layers of concentric lamellae.

lacunae

In dense tissue, such as cartilage and bone, cells reside in small cavities called caves lacunae canaliculi

lacunae

Which of the following are characteristics of a membrane? connect bone to bone hold muscles together line internal spaces of organs cover organs within body cavities line body cavities

line internal spaces of organs cover organs within body cavities line body cavities

Where in the body would you find a tight junction? lining the stomach lining the tubes of the kidney between cells of the heart between skin cells

lining the stomach lining the tubes of the kidney

Organic compounds that are always insoluble in water are called A)sugars B)lipids C)nucleotides D)proteins

lipids

What monomer is NOT correctly matched with its macromolecule? A)carbohydrates - glucose B)lipids - glycerol and citric acids C)proteins - amino acids D)nucleic acids - nucleotides

lipids - glycerol and citric acids

Differentiate between local disease systemic disease acute disease chronic disease

local disease affects a specific part of the body,a systemic disease affects the entire body or several organ systems. acute disease occurs suddenly and generally lasts a short time. chronic disease develops slowly and is generally long-term.

The_____ reproductive system includes the testes, and penis.

male

The ____________ are found deep in the diaphyses of long bones and are filled with yellow marrow in the adult.

medullary cavities

The pigment that absorbs ultraviolet radiation in sunlight, protecting the body from the harmful effects of UV radiation, is__________

melanin

Specialized cells in the epidermis called ______, produce melanin. stem cells Merkel cells keratinocytes melanocytes follicles

melanocytes

The combination of an epithelial layer and a connective tissue layer that can be found lining the internal spaces of organs, body cavities, and tubes that open to the external environment is a: tissue membrane organ

membrane

Protective membranous coverings that lie between bony coverings and the soft tissues of the CNS are called __________

meninges

The sum of all chemical reactions that occur in a cell is termed _____. Multiple choice question. metabolism lipolysis hydrolysis denaturation

metabolism

The sum of all the chemical reactions that occur in a cell is A)emulsification B)metabolism C)denaturation D)synthesis.

metabolism

The organelle that has an outer and a folded inner membrane with a space between them is the: endoplasmic reticulum lysosomes Golgi apparatus mitochondria

mitochondria

Exactly 6.02 x 1023 atoms of any element is called 1 ____ of that element A)atomic mass unit B)isotope C)mole D)mouse

mole

Atoms bonded together to form a chemical unit are called A)molecules B)ions C)radioisotopes D)buffers

molecules

A simple sugar, which consists of between 3-7 carbon atoms, is classified as a(n) .

monosaccharide

Glucose, fructose, and galactose all consist of a single sugar unit and are therefore classified as _______. disaccharides polysaccharides monosaccharides

monosaccharides

Effectors such as skeletal muscles are stimulated to contract by what type of neuron? Motor neurons Myofiber neurons Sensory neurons

motor neuron

Neurons that stimulate skeletal muscle effectors to contract are called ------- -----------

motor neuron

Triggering the release of saliva when thinking of food is part of which nervous system function?

motor output

A nerve fiber and all of the muscle fibers it innervates is called a _____ ________

motor unit

What is the meaning of the prefix "myo-"? Flesh Between Stiff Muscle

muscle

Allows for movement of the skeleton.

muscular system

Which of the following prefixes refer to muscle? osteo- sarco- neuro- cyt- myo-

myo- sarco-

The protein filaments found in muscle fibers that allow for contraction are: tryptophan keratin myosin actin

myosin actin

Hydrogen bonds occur within or between molecules containing a slightly positive hydrogen atom and slightly_______atoms such as oxygen.

negative

The type of tissue composed of neurons and neuroglia is ______ tissue. epithelial nerve connective muscular

nerve

Gray matter is composed of: neural cell bodies myelinated fibers unmyelinated fibers

neural cell bodies unmyelinated fibers

A--------- is released from a presynaptic neuron; it then diffuses across a synapse to send a signal to a postsynaptic neuron.

neurotransmitter

A pH of 7.0 would be considered A)acidic B)basic C)neutral

neutral

The rungs of the DNA ladder are composed of A)nitrogen base pairs. B)sugar-phosphate chain. C)adenine-ribose chain. D)glucose-phosphate chain.

nitrogen base pairs.

The subunit building block of nucleic acids is the A)monosaccharide. B)nucleotide C)amino acid D)fatty acid

nucleotide

Both DNA and RNA are made of repeating subunits called________

nucleotides or nucleotide

In human cells, the genetic information in the form of DNA is found in the: mitochondria ribosomes endoplasmic reticulum nucleus

nucleus

The most prominent structure in the cell is the___________.

nucleus

Neurons in the nasal cavity supported by columnar epithelial cells are called: bipolar cells olfactory cells taste cells

olfactory cells

The lipid molecules that are the main component of cell membranes are A)steroids B)triglycerides C)phospholipids D)prostaglandins

phospholipids

Receptors that are only found in the eye are: mechanoreceptors photoreceptors chemoreceptors thermoreceptors

photoreceptors

The receptors that can be damaged by staring directly at the sun are the

photoreceptors

The following are components of the outer ear: semicircular canals pinna external auditory canal vestibule auditory ossicles

pinna external auditory canal

The matrix of blood tissue is a liquid called marrow water plasma jelly

plasma

The selectively permeable barrier that regulates the passage of materials into and out of the cell is the: nuclear envelope plasma membrane nucleus cytoplasm endoplasmic reticulum

plasma membrane

When one atom has a stronger attraction for shared electrons in a bond than the other atom,a(n)___________ covalent bond is formed. A)polar B)nonpolar C)ionic D)metallic

polar

Glycogen and starch are ______. monosaccharides polysaccharides disaccharides

polysaccharides

Indicate the components of the brainstem: cerebellum hypothalamus thalamus pons midbrain medulla oblongata

pons midbrain medulla oblongata

A process that promotes and stimulates the change that is occurring in the body is a_______ feedback mechanism.

positive

The condition in which the lens of an older individual does not accommodate well is known as: hyperopia presbyopia amblyopia myopia

presbyopia

The sequence of amino acids makes up the ______ structure of a protein. A)primary B)secondary C)tertiary D)quaternary

primary

Melanin is the: pigment produced in keratinocytes primary determinant of skin color pigment that accumulates to produce white patches in the skin dark pigment produced by melanocytes protein that helps to prevent water loss in the skin

primary determinant of skin color dark pigment produced by melanocytes

Very small protein molecules that seem to be disease causing agents are called A)viruses. B)bacteria. C)flukes. D)prions.

prions

Low levels of radiation are commonly used to A)sterilize dental products B)destroy cancer cells C)produce images of body parts. D)All apply

produce images of body parts.

Hydrochloric acid is considered a strong acid because it A)produces very few hydrogen ions in water. B)produces many hydroxide ions in water. C)produces many hydrogen ions in water. D)dissociates very little in water

produces many hydrogen ions in water

A molecule composed of chains of amino acids is termed a(n)

protein,or polypeptide

The positively charged particles in the nucleus of an atom are A)neutrons B)electron C)protons D)isotopes.

protons

A fibrocartilage disk joins the two pubic bones together at the: pubic symphysis obturator foramen ischial tuberosity acetabulum

pubic symphysis

A circular opening in the center of the iris is called the: pupil lens retina choroid cornea

pupil

If a protein has more than one polypeptide arranged together,this is the ____ structure of a protein. A)primary B)secondary C)tertiary D)quaternary

quaternary

A(n)_______ is a rapid, automatic response to a stimulus.

reflex

The only layer of the eye that can detect light is the: choroid sclera retina

retina

The _____ suture is formed between the parietal and temporal bones. coronal lambdoidal sagittal squamousal

squamousal

A lipid such as testosterone or estradiol, with its carbon atoms arranged in four rings is categorized as a(n)

steroid

A lipid such as testosterone or estradiol, with its carbon atoms arranged in four rings is categorized as a(n) .

steroid

Epithelial tissue composed of many layers of cells, where the superficial layer of cells is flat, is called stratified squamous epithelium stratified cuboidal epithelium simple squamous epithelium stratified columnar epithelium

stratified squamous epithelium

New epidermal cells are formed by the cells found in the epidermal layer called the ____________ ______________ .

stratum basale

Identify characteristics of skeletal muscle fibers. found in the heart striated multinucleated cylindrical involuntary

striated multinucleated cylindrical

The backbone or sides of a DNA helix consists of A)nitrogen base pairs. B)sugar-phosphate chain. C)adenine-ribose chain. D)glucose-phosphate chain.

sugar-phosphate chain.

The joints between cranial bones of the skull are called:

sutures

The_______ and the__________ divisions are the two branches of the autonomic nervous system.

sympathetic parasympathetic

The hyaline cartilage joint found at the epiphyseal plate is an example of a(n): amphiarthrosis synarthrosis diarthrosis

synarthrosis

The hyaline cartilage joint found at the epiphyseal plate is an example of a(n): synarthrosis diarthrosis amphiarthrosis

synarthrosis

Scattered throughout the tongue, hard palate, and pharynx are _____ that contain the sensory receptors for the sense of taste. fauces uvula papillae taste buds

taste buds

Tongue papillae, which are visible to the naked eye, have _____ along their walls. microvilli taste buds Merkel cells mechanoreceptors

taste buds

Select all that apply Where are proprioceptors located? tendons skin skeletal muscles hair follicles visceral organs

tendons skeletal muscles

Where are proprioceptors located? hair follicles tendons skeletal muscles visceral organs skin

tendons skeletal muscles

The coiling and folding of a polypeptide chain into a more circular molecule is the ____ structure of a protein. A)primary B)secondary C)tertiary D)quaternary

tertiary

Organs of the nervous system include A) the skin, hair, nails, glands. B) the brain, spinal cord and nerves. C) the heart, arteries and veins. D) the bones, joints and cartilage.

the brain, spinal cord and nerves.

Triglycerides are composed of glycerol and three fatty acids.When the fatty acids contain one or more double bonds,the fat is considered A)saturated B)unsaturated C)emulsified D)synthesized

unsaturated

Which of the following terms are used to describe the size of a muscle? vastus brevis medial maximus rectus

vastus brevis maximus

Serous membranes provide lubricating fluid for the _____ cavity. A) cranial B) vertebral C) dorsal D) ventral

ventral

Serous membranes provide lubricating fluid for the _____ cavity. cranial vertebral ventral dorsal

ventral

The spinal cord is located in the__________canal

vertebral or dorsal

If a person had an injury to the occipital lobe of the cerebrum,what functional losses would you expect them to have?

vision and visual recognition of objects

Osmosis is the passive movement of ______ through a selectively permeable membrane. solutes water ions

water

The most abundant molecule in living organisms is A)water B)glucose C)oxygen D)ammonia

water

What is the most abundant inorganic compound in the human body? Protein Carbohydrate Water Salt

water

Which of the following is NOT a macromolecule group found in cells? A)Proteins B)Organic acids C)Carbohydrates D)Nucleic acids

Organic acids

The division of the PNS that regulates visceral activities and maintains homeostasis is called the ______ nervous system. autonomic somatic central

autonomic

The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are divisions of the____________ nervous system.

autonomic

is an excessive lumbar curvature of the vertebral column.

Lordosis

Distinguish among lordosis,kyphosis,and scoliosis. Essay

Lordosis = exaggerated lumbar curvature (swayback) Kyphosis = increased roundness of thoracic curvature (hunchback) Scoliosis = lateral (side-to-side)curvature of the spinal column (twisted disease)

Which of the following is NOT a property of water? A)High heat capacity B)Low heat of vaporization C)Solvent for polar and ionic compounds D)Cohesiveness

Low heat of vaporization

What is the role of an enzyme in a chemical reaction? A)Raises the energy of activation B)Raises the temperature of the reaction C)Lowers the energy of activation D)Lowers the temperature of the reaction

Lowers the energy of activation

List the following reflex arc components in the order that they would function in producing reflex activity: effector organ,interneuron,motor neuron,receptor,sensory neuron.

Receptor,sensory neuron,interneuron,motor neuron,effector organ

What is the role of the parasympathetic nervous system? Prepares body for energy-expending, stressful, or emergency situations; "flight-or-fight" response Regulates body functions while in restful situations; "resting and digesting" response

Regulates body functions while in restful situations; "resting and digesting" response

_____ are often attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. Nucleoli Ribosomes Mitochondria

Ribosomes

Explain why someone with a vitamin A deficiency might have dim vision at night.

Rods contain rhodopsin,a molecule that contains the protein opsin and the pigment retinal.The more rhodopsin present in the rods,the better the dim vision.Because retinal is a derivative of vitamin A,the person could have poor night vision if he/she has a deficiency of this vitamin.

____ aids in maintaining balance with sudden movement or rotation of the head and body. Rotational equilibrium Gravitational equilibrium

Rotational equilibrium

___________is usually first seen in late childhood.

Scoliosis

_________is an abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column.

Scoliosis

List the functions of the epithelial tissues. Secretion Absorption Regeneration of muscle Protection

Secretion Absorption Protection

What type of epithelium can be found in the thyroid gland, ovaries, and lining most of the kidney tubules? Simple squamous epithelium Simple cuboidal epithelium Stratified squamous epithelium Stratified cuboidal epithelium

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Which effectors of the PNS are served by somatic motor nerves?

Skeletal muscle

Compare the appearance of the three types of muscle tissue. Essay

Skeletal muscle fibers are cylindrical,striated,and multinucleate.Cardiac muscle fibers are branched,striated,and uninucleate.Smooth muscle fibers are nonstriated,spindle-shaped,and uninucleate.

Signals are sent by the nervous system to effectors. Which is an example of an effector?

Smooth muscles in the walls of blood vessels.

What is the structural classification of interneurons? A)Unipolar B)Multipolar C)Bipolar

B)Multipolar

On which type of neuron does saltatory conduction occur? A)Non-myelinated neurons only B)Myelinated neurons only C)Both non-myelinated and myelinated neurons

B)Myelinated neurons only

Which of the following proteins is NOT a component of the thin filament? A)Tropomyosin B)Myosin C)Troponin D)Actin

B)Myosin

What structure forms the "point" of the elbow? A)Head of the ulna B)Olecranon process C)Head of the radius D)Coronoid process

B)Olecranon process

What type of cells secrete the matrix of bone? A)Osteoprogenitor cells B)Osteoblasts C)Osteocytes D)Osteoclasts

B)Osteoblasts

What are the cells found within an osteon? A)Osteoblasts B)Osteocytes C)Epiphysealcytes D)Chondrocytes

B)Osteocytes

What structure does the stapes attach to? A)Tympanic membrane B)Oval window C)Malleus D)Round window

B)Oval window

Which of the following is NOT considered anatomical position? A)Standing erect B)Palms facing backward C)Face forward D)Toes pointing forward

B)Palms facing backward

Which term refers to the study of how an organ functions? A)Anatomy B)Physiology C)Ecology D)Homeostasis

B)Physiology

Which of the following is NOT a formed element found in blood? A)Erythrocytes B)Plasma C)Leukocytes D)Thrombocytes

B)Plasma

Which of the following muscles is NOT part of the hamstring group? A)Semimembranosus B)Rectus femoris C)Biceps femoris D)Semitendinosus

B)Rectus femoris

The period of interphase when DNA is replicated is the A)G1 phase. B)S phase. C)G2 phase. D)mitosis phase.

B)S phase.

Which of the following is NOT a controlling function of the hypothalamus? A)Appetite B)Sensory relay C)Thirst D)Temperature

B)Sensory relay

Which of the following is NOT another name for the skin? A)Integument B)Serous membrane C)Cutaneous membrane D)All apply.

B)Serous membrane

Which muscle allows you to punch a punching bag? A)Pectoralis major B)Serratus anterior C)Deltoid D)Latissimus dorsi

B)Serratus anterior

Which of the following is part of the axial skeleton? A)Metacarpals B)Skull C)Femur D)Scapula

B)Skull

What is the butterfly shaped bone on the floor of the cranium? A)Ethmoid B)Sphenoid C)Nasal D)Occipital

B)Sphenoid

Which layer of the epidermis is closest to the surface? A)Stratum lucidum B)Stratum corneum C)Dermis D)Stratum basale

B)Stratum corneum

What type of skin gland secretes sweat? A)Sebaceous gland B)Sudoriferous gland C)Ceruminous gland D)Mammary gland

B)Sudoriferous gland

Which of the following pairs are opposing terms? A)Superior/posterior B)Superior/inferior C)Anterior/inferior D)Superior/anterior

B)Superior/inferior

What material is found within the joint cavity of a synovial joint? A)Fibrous connective tissue B)Synovial fluid C)Fibrocartilage D)Ligaments

B)Synovial fluid

If half of a DNA molecule is ACG-TCC-GTA,the complementary half would be A)CTA-CTT-ACC. B)TGC-AGG-CAT. C)ACG-TCC-GTA. D)UGC-AGG-CAU.

B)TGC-AGG-CAT.

Which muscle is NOT used for smiling? A)Zygomaticus B)Temporalis C)Levator anguli oris D)Levator labii superioris

B)Temporalis

Which of the following is NOT a difference between the male and female pelvises? A)The female hips are broader. B)The female pelvic cavity is more funnel-shaped. C)The female bones are lighter. D)The female pubic arch resembles an inverted U.

B)The female pelvic cavity is more funnel-shaped.

Which of the following structures are NOT involved with swallowing? A)The hyoid bone B)The masseter muscle C)The suprahyoid muscles D)The epiglottis

B)The masseter muscle

What type of receptor responds to changes in temperature? A)Mechanoreceptor B)Thermoreceptor C)Photoreceptor D)Chemoreceptor

B)Thermoreceptor

To which type of vertebrae are the ribs attached? A)Cervical B)Thoracic C)Lumbar D)Sacrum

B)Thoracic

What is the function of an adhesion junction? A)Create an impermeable barrier between cells B)To keep cells from pulling apart C)To allow materials to pass from cell to cell D)None apply.

B)To keep cells from pulling apart

What part of the humerus articulates with the ulna? A)Capitulum B)Trochlea C)Coronoid fossa D)Deltoid tuberosity

B)Trochlea

How many neurons are in most autonomic nervous system pathways? A)One B)Two C)Three D)It can vary

B)Two

Which ear component tells your brain that you slid forward on ice and ran into a wall? A)Semicircular canals B)Utricle C)Spiral organ D)Saccule

B)Utricle

Which of the following cranial nerves is the only one to leave the head and neck area? A)Accessory B)Vagus C)Hypoglossal D)Trigeminal

B)Vagus

A motor unit is A)a group of muscles working together. B)a motor neuron and the muscle fibers it supplies. C)a group of muscle fiber. D)an artery and the muscle fibers it supplies.

B)a motor neuron and the muscle fibers it supplies.

A sustained muscle contraction with no relaxation is called A)a twitch. B)a tetanic contraction. C)fatigue. D)oxygen debt.

B)a tetanic contraction.

Keratin is A)a pigment. B)a waterproof protein. C)located in the hypodermis. D)All apply.

B)a waterproof protein.

Changing the shape of the lens for near and far vision is called A)refraction. B)accommodation. C)convergence. D)transmutation.

B)accommodation.

Changing the shape of the lens to correctly focus light on the retina is called A)refraction. B)accommodation. C)astigmatism. D)presbyopia.

B)accommodation.

The _______ is helpful in keeping a rider on a horse. A)iliopsoas B)adductor group C)quadriceps femoris group D)gluteus maximus

B)adductor group

The process of programmed cell death due to problems in the cell cycle is called A)mitosis. B)apoptosis. C)phagocytosis. D)endocytosis.

B)apoptosis.

Masses of gray matter deep within the cerebrum that help integrate motor commands are the A)Broca's areas. B)basal nuclei. C)corpus callosum D)association areas

B)basal nuclei.

The place where the optic nerve exits the eye is the A)lens. B)blind spot. C)ciliary body. D)fovea.

B)blind spot.

What is a scar composed of? A)Epithelium B)Blood clot C)Collagen fibers D)Areolar tissue

C)Collagen fibers

Which tissue contains an extensive extracellular matrix? A)Muscle B)Nervous C)Connective D)Epithelial

C)Connective

Which type of tissue binds and supports body parts? A)Epithelium B)Nervous C)Connective D)Muscular

C)Connective

Which of the following is an action of the parasympathetic division of the ANS? A)Speeds up the heart B)Stimulates the liver to release glucose C)Constricts bronchioles D)Inhibits salivation

C)Constricts bronchioles

What is the body's response of the knee-jerk reflex? A)Contraction of the hamstring muscles B)Contraction of the abdominal muscles C)Contraction of the quadriceps femoris muscles D)Contraction of the gastrocnemius muscle

C)Contraction of the quadriceps femoris muscles

What white matter structure connects the two cerebral hemispheres? A)Longitudinal fissure B)Lateral ventricles C)Corpus callosum D)Diencephalons

C)Corpus callosum

The material that is replicated prior to cell division is called A)RNA. B)protein. C)DNA. D)ATP.

C)DNA.

Which type of joint is correctly matched with the amount of movement they allow? A)Synarthrosis - slight movement B)Amphiarthrosis - immovable C)Diarthrosis - freely movable

C)Diarthrosis - freely movable

Which of the following is the correct layering of the meninges from superficial to deep? A)Dura mater,pia mater,arachnoid mater B)Pia mater,dura mater,arachnoid mater C)Dura mater,arachnoid mater,pia mater D)Arachnoid mater,dura mater,pia mater

C)Dura mater,arachnoid mater,pia mater

What occurs when the body's temperature regulatory mechanism is overcome? A)Hypothermia B)Hyperthermia C)Either hypothermia or hyperthermia

C)Either hypothermia or hyperthermia

What type of cartilage makes up the frame of the outer ear? A)Fibrocartilage B)Hyaline cartilage C)Elastic cartilage

C)Elastic cartilage

Which of the following types of cells are anucleated when mature? A)Liver cells B)Skin cells C)Erythrocytes D)Skeletal muscle cells

C)Erythrocytes

Which spinal nerve serves the front of the thigh and leg? A)Sciatic B)Phrenic C)Femoral D)Intercostals

C)Femoral

Which of the following bones is NOT part of the pelvic girdle? A)Two coxal bones B)Coccyx C)Femur D)Sacrum

C)Femur

What are the intervertebral disks that are shock-absorbers composed of ? A)Elastic cartilage B)Hyaline cartilage C)Fibrocartilage D)Reticular cartilage

C)Fibrocartilage

What is NOT a function of fibroblasts in wound healing? A)Bring about scar formation B)Promote tissue regeneration C)Fight infections D)Pull the margins of wound together

C)Fight infections

Which ribs do NOT attach anteriorly to the sternum? A)True ribs B)False ribs C)Floating ribs

C)Floating ribs

What is the function of a tubercle on a bone? A)Articulation with another bone B)An opening for blood vessels C)For muscle attachment D)None apply.

C)For muscle attachment

What is the area that contains only cones for the most acute vision? A)Vitreous body B)Bipolar cell layer C)Fovea centralis D)Blind spot

C)Fovea centralis

Temperature receptors of the skin are A)Ruffini endings. B)Krause end bulbs. C)Free nerve endings. D)Merkel disks.

C)Free nerve endings.

Which would form by way of intramembranous ossification? A)Humerus B)Metacarpal C)Frontal bone D)Clavicle

C)Frontal bone

The period of interphase when the proteins are made that will be needed for cell division is the A)G1 phase. B)S phase. C)G2 phase. D)mitosis phase.

C)G2 phase.

The sense organ for hearing is the A)crista ampullaris. B)macula. C)spiral organ. D)saccule.

C)spiral organ.

Functions of membrane proteins include all of the following except A)carriers. B)cell identification. C)stability. D)receptors. E)channels.

C)stability

The ____________ is used to flex the neck and turn the head laterally. A)trapezius B)temporalis C)sternocleidomastoid D)suprahyoid

C)sternocleidomastoid

A _____ is caused by stretching or tearing of a muscle. A)spasm B)cramp C)strain D)tendinitis

C)strain

The space between the arachnoid and pia maters that is filled with cerebrospinal fluid is the A)dural venous sinus. B)subdural space. C)subarachnoid space. D)epidural space.

C)subarachnoid space.

Which of the following types of RNA are NOT matched correctly with their function? A)tRNA - carries amino acids B)rRNA - site of protein synthesis C)tRNA - contains the code to make a polypeptide D)mRNA - contains the code to make a polypeptide

C)tRNA - contains the code to make a polypeptide

The reforming of the nuclear membrane around chromosomes occurs during A)prophase. B)anaphase. C)telophase. D)metaphase.

C)telophase.

The primary auditory area is located in the _____ lobe. A)frontal B)parietal C)temporal D)occipital

C)temporal

Q 34The olfactory area of the cerebrum is located in the A)insulA. B)parietal lobe. C)temporal lobe. D)frontal lobe.

C)temporal lobe.

The phospholipid molecules are arranged with A)the hydrophilic tails facing outward and the hydrophobic heads facing inward. B)the hydrophilic tails facing inward and the hydrophobic heads facing outward. C)the hydrophilic heads facing outward and the hydrophobic tails facing inward. D)the hydrophilic heads facing inward and the hydrophobic tails facing outward.

C)the hydrophilic heads facing outward and the hydrophobic tails facing inward.

Proteins do not pass through plasma membranes because A)the membrane is made of protein. B)they contain nitrogen. C)they are very large molecules. D)they cause emulsification.

C)they are very large molecules.

Pain is rarely felt from a A)first-degree burn. B)second-degree burn. C)third-degree or fourth-degree burn. D)sunburn.

C)third-degree or fourth-degree burn.

The mediastinum is part of the A)pleural and ventral cavities. B)thoracic and dorsal cavities. C)thoracic and ventral cavities. D)abdominopelvic and ventral cavities.

C)thoracic and ventral cavities.

Merkel's cells detect sensations of A)pain. B)deep pressure. C)touch. D)temperature.

C)touch.

A bundle of parallel axons in the CNS is called a A)nerve. B)dendrite. C)tract. D)ganglion.

C)tract.

The ______ extends the forearm. A)biceps brachii B)frontalis C)triceps brachii D)gluteus maximus

C)triceps brachii

A __________ is a massive process found only on the femur. A)foramen B)fossa C)trochanter D)condyle

C)trochanter

The medial rectus muscle A)rolls the eye upward. B)turns the eye outward,away from the midline. C)turns the eye inward,toward the midline. D)rotates the eye clockwise.

C)turns the eye inward,toward the midline.

The posterior compartment of the eye is filled with a clear gel called the A)aqueous humor. B)lacrimal secretions. C)vitreous humor. D)fovea centralis.

C)vitreous humor.

The latissimus dorsi muscle is a _______ muscle. A)round B)triangular C)wide D)huge

C)wide

The branch of science concerned with the structure of body parts is called: A) physics B) physiology C) pathology D) anatomy

D) anatomy

Structures within cells that carry out specific functions are called: A) tissues B) systems C) organs D) organelles

D) organelles

The resting potential of a neuron is measured at A)+70 millivolts. B)+1.5 volts. C)- 45 millivolts. D)- 70 millivolts.

D)- 70 millivolts.

What type of synovial joint movement will move a body part laterally,away from the body? A)Adduction B)Extension C)Dorsiflexion D)Abduction

D)Abduction

Myofibrils A)are located in muscle fibers. B)are contractile units. C)have striations. D)All apply

D)All apply

The A band A)is in the center of the sarcomere. B)is the dark region of the sarcomere. C)contains the overlapping of the thick and thin filaments. D)All apply

D)All apply

A neuron consists of A)dendrites. B)a cell body. C)an axon. D)All apply.

D)All apply.

Active transport A)moves materials against their concentration gradients. B)requires energy. C)occurs in cells with many mitochondria. D)All apply.

D)All apply.

Adipose tissue A)is for insulation. B)gives a rounded appearance to the body. C)in excess results in obesity. D)All apply.

D)All apply.

Aerobic cellular respiration A)occurs in the mitochondriA. B)produces ATP. C)uses oxygen. D)All apply.

D)All apply.

An aging change in cartilage would include A)a color change from blue to yellow. B)death of chondrocytes. C)calcification. D)All apply.

D)All apply.

Apoptosis A)involves the destruction of a cell. B)occurs at the restriction checkpoint. C)is not a component of the cell cycle. D)All apply.

D)All apply.

Epithelial tissue A)prevents drying. B)secretes mucus. C)absorbs molecules. D)All apply.

D)All apply.

Exercise programs can improve A)muscular strength. B)muscular endurance. C)flexibility. D)All apply.

D)All apply.

Fatigue is caused by A)gradual muscle weakening after repetitive use. B)depletion of ATP. C)depletion of acetylcholine from motor neurons. D)All apply.

D)All apply.

Filtration A)pushes material out of the blood. B)uses blood pressure to move fluids. C)can separate large particles from small particles. D)All apply.

D)All apply.

How does the muscular system aid the skeletal system? A)Provides attachment for muscles B)Provides calcium for muscle contraction C)Protects and moves bones D)All apply.

D)All apply.

How does the skeletal system help maintain homeostasis? A)Allows chewing to assist digestion B)Allows locomotion C)Maintains calcium balance D)All apply.

D)All apply.

Lactic acid buildup A)occurs after strenuous activity. B)occurs due to lack of oxygen and ATP. C)causes cramps. D)All apply.

D)All apply.

Lysosomes A)are formed by the Golgi apparatus. B)are concerned with intracellular digestion. C)contain digestive enzymes. D)All apply.

D)All apply.

Melanin A)is a pigment. B)protects the skin from ultraviolet radiation. C)is located in the epidermis. D)All apply.

D)All apply.

Mucus is a protection against A)bacteriA. B)viruses. C)digestive juices. D)All apply.

D)All apply.

Nociceptors A)are stimulated by chemicals released from damaged tissues. B)detect pain. C)are found in internal organs. D)All apply.

D)All apply.

Severe burns result in A)fluid loss. B)heat loss. C)bacterial infection. D)All apply.

D)All apply.

The arrector pili muscle A)is a smooth muscle. B)causes hair to "stand on end." C)contracts when cold,forming goose bumps. D)All apply.

D)All apply.

The epidermis A)is the outer layer of skin. B)consists of stratified squamous epithelial cells. C)contains melanocytes. D)All apply.

D)All apply.

Which of the following are characteristics of nerve tissue: The brain and spinal cord are composed of this tissue. It responds to changes by transmitting nerve signals. Its cells generate and conduct nerve signals. Its main function is to protect the body surfaces.

The brain and spinal cord are composed of this tissue. It responds to changes by transmitting nerve signals. Its cells generate and conduct nerve signals.

__ is the time period between when a cell divides and the time the two cells resulting from that first cell division also divide. Protein synthesis The cell cycle DNA replication Exocytosis

The cell cycle

Select all of these that are true statements regarding the cerebrum. The cerebrum is the largest portion of the brain. The cerebrum integrates sensory input. The cerebrum is in control of voluntary actions. The cerebrum is divided into four hemispheres. The cerebrum is the most inferior portion of the brain.

The cerebrum is the largest portion of the brain. The cerebrum integrates sensory input. The cerebrum is in control of voluntary actions.

Why are carcinomas more common than other forms of cancer? Essay

The chance of cancer occurring in a tissue is related to the rate of cell division in the tissue.Epithelial cells divide more often than cells of other tissues so carcinoma (cancer of epithelium)is the most common form of cancer.

Describe the effects that long-term exposure to the sun may have on the skin.

The exposure to ultraviolet radiation causes dividing skin cells to become cancerous.UV radiation also causes aging changes such as rough skin,mottled pigmentation,fine lines and wrinkles,deep furrows,and benign skin growths.

Where are olfactory receptor cells located? The inferior portion of the cerebrum Back of the pharynx Upper portion of the oral cavity Lower portion of the nasal cavity Upper portion of the nasal cavity

Upper portion of the nasal cavity

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins? A)They form structural components such as collagen. B)They form many hormones. C)They form actin and myosin needed for muscular movement. D)They form important energy molecules.

They form important energy molecules.

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins? A)They form enzymes to speed up reactions. B)They form the backbone of cell membranes. C)They form hemoglobin to transport oxygen in the blood. D)They form antibodies to protect the body from disease.

They form the backbone of cell membranes.

When a person suffers a heart attack they often experience pain in their left shoulder and arm.What is this called and why does it occur? Essay

This is an example of referred pain.Referred pain occurs when nerve impulses originating at internal organs travel in the same spinal cord pathway as messages from the skin.Both sets of neurons converge on the same neural pathway to the brain.The brain interprets the pain from the organ as coming from the skin

Mediastinum is the middle region of the_____ cavity.

Thoracic

Which muscle is responsible for extending the forearm at the elbow? Triceps brachii Brachialis Biceps brachii Deltoid

Triceps brachii

A change in diet,for example increasing fiber intake,can reduce the risk for certain cancers. True False

True

A nickname for the mitochondria is the cell's powerhouse. True False

True

Adhesion junctions are found between cells of the cervix to keep it from ripping during birth. True False

True

All spinal nerves are mixed nerves. True False

True

An inhibitory neurotransmitter will make the postsynaptic membrane less likely to reach threshold and thus less likely to fire an action potential. True False

True

An interneuron is also known as an association neuron. True False

True

Another name for the breastbone is the sternum. True False True

True

Another name for the cutaneous membrane is the skin. True False

True

Arthritis and osteoporosis are common diseases of the skeletal system due to aging. True False

True

As we age,the cerebral cortex significantly shrinks in size. True False

True

Blood is special in that it has a fluid matrix that is not made by the cells of the blood. True False

True

Children and adults require about the same amount of daily calcium. True False

True

Disuse of muscles causes weakness. True False

True

Exposure to sunlight is the most common cause of skin cancer. True False

True

Gaps in the myelin sheath are called nodes of Ranvier. True False

True

Gustation and olfaction rely on each other to give complete perceptions of taste and smell. True False

True

In negative feedback,the body's response is in the opposite direction from the change in order to return the body to normal. (True/ False)

True

Initiation of cancer is caused by a carcinogen that results in a mutation in the cell's DNA. True False

True

Many age-related changes to the skin appear to be due to sun damage. True False

True

Medications that block angiogenesis may help to fight cancer. True False

True

Movement of fluid in the semicircular canals will cause the cupula to displace and bend the stereocilia to create an action potential. True False

True

Movement of the bones would be impossible without the muscular system. True False

True

Neurotransmitters that open sodium-regulated gates are considered to be excitatory. True False

True

Osteoblasts are the cells that secrete the organic matrix of bone. True False

True

Reflexes help us to maintain balance. True False

True

Ribs 2 - 9 articulate with thoracic vertebra at three places. True False

True

Simple squamous epithelium is found in the alveoli of the lungs and in capillaries. True False

True

Skeletal muscle contraction is necessary for upright posture. True False

True

Spongy bone is composed of bony plates called trabeculae. True False

True

The anticodon of tRNA matches the codon of mRNA to ensure the correct sequence of amino acids. True False

True

The blood vessels in the dermis supply the epidermis with oxygen and nutrients. True False

True

The bonding of chemicals to receptors on microvilli of the taste buds will initiate nerve impulses. True False

True

The conduction of an action potential obeys the all-or-none law. True False

True

The coxal bones are part of the appendicular skeleton. True False

True

The deadly botulism toxin can be used to release muscle contractures of patients with brain and spinal cord injuries,as well as,paralyze facial muscle for a "face-lift" effect. True False

True

The function of serous fluid is to reduce friction between tissues. True/False

True

The gallbladder and spleen are contralateral to each other (True/False)

True

The image,╓ is projected onto the retina as ╜. True False

True

The main difference between regular dense and irregular dense connective tissue is how the collagen fibers are arranged. True False

True

The many layers of stratified squamous epithelium provide protection,such as found in the skin. True False

True

The mastoid sinus drains into the middle ear. True False

True

The muscles of people who train will have more mitochondria than those who do not train. True False

True

The nervous and endocrine systems work closely together to maintain body functions. True False

True

The pitch of a sound depends on which part of the basilar membrane vibrates. True False

True

The power stroke of muscle contraction is when the myosin cross-bridges pull the actin toward the middle of the sarcomere. True False

True

The pressure of skeletal muscle contraction is important in maintaining blood circulation. True False

True

The process of nerve signal conduction is termed an action potential. True False

True

The skeletal system is very important in the process of respiration. True False

True

The skeleton can protect soft organs by forming bony boxes. True False

True

The skin aids the urinary system by excreting water and small amounts of other wastes through perspiration. True False

True

The skin is both an organ and an organ system. True False

True

The speed of the action potentials generated by a muscle spindle is proportional to the amount of muscle stretch. True False

True

The stratum basale is supplied with sensory nerves to detect pain,temperature,and touch. True False

True

True False: action is very specific due to the shapes of the enzyme and substrate.

True

True False: most important thing about protein function is the three-dimensional shape of the protein.

True

True False: number of electrons in the outermost shell of an atom will determine the chemical activity of the atom.

True

True or false: Blood cells are formed in the red bone marrow.

True

We hear and control equilibrium with microscopic hair cells. True False

True

When muscles contract,they shorten.So,muscles can only pull the insertion toward the origin. True False

True

True or false: In the central nervous system, there are more neuroglial cells than neurons.

True: Reason: There are more neuroglial cells than neurons are found in the CNS.

The integumentary system works with the muscular system to maintain body temperature. True false

True: Both systems play roles in temperature regulation, e.g., muscle contraction produces heat, and activation of sweat glands in the skin help to reduce heat.

The most dangerous skin cancer is cancer of the melanocyte. True false

True: Melanomas are the most dangerous skin cancers and these cancers arise from melanocytes.

Small round knob

Tubercle

Which of the following is NOT a nitrogen base found in DNA? A)Uracil B)Adenine C)Guanine D)Cytosine

Uracil

Muscle fatigue is usually due to lactic acid accumulation in the muscles.How and why does this happen?

When muscle fibers fatigue,they have lack of oxygen and cease aerobic respiration.Lactic acid builds up as a result of anaerobic respiration and produces muscle aching and fatigue.

Describe how the skin functions to promote bone development and maintenance. D.The vitamin D travels to the liver and kidneys where it is converted into the hormone calcitriol.Calcitriol regulates the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus,two substances required for the formation of bone matrix.

When skin cells are exposed to UV radiation a precursor molecule in the cells is converted into vitamin D.The vitamin D travels to the liver and kidneys where it is converted into the hormone calcitriol.Calcitriol regulates the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus,two substances required for the formation of bone matrix.

What is meant by oxygen debt?

When there is insufficient oxygen available to generate ATP aerobically,anaerobic respiration will commence.Lactic acid is a product of anaerobic respiration that causes muscle fatigue and pain.Following strenuous exercise we must continue to breathe deeply in order to supply the oxygen required to metabolize the lactic acid that has built up in our cells.This oxygen represents an oxygen debt that must be repaid following anaerobic respiration.

Distinguish between anatomy and physiology,and then explain how they are related.

Whereas anatomy is the study of the structure of body parts,physiology is the study of the functioning of body parts.Anatomy and physiology are closely related in that the structure of any body part suits its function.

Contrast positive and negative feedback mechanisms with regard to their general outcomes.

Whereas negative feedback is used to maintain a specific factor (e.g.body temperature)within an acceptable range,positive feedback is used to drive a process (e.g.childbirth)to completion.

The number of protons in an atom is called the A)atomic number B)atomic weight C)mass number D)combining weight

atomic number

A three base sequence on DNA and therefore RNA codes for a(n) A)glucose. B)fatty acid. C)amino acid. D)steroid

amino acid

The subunit molecules for proteins are A)atoms B)amino acids C)enzymes D)polymers

amino acids

Cartilaginous joints such as the pubic symphysis and intervertebral discs are examples of a(n): amphiarthrosis synarthrosis diarthrosis

amphiarthrosis

Cartilaginous joints such as the pubic symphysis and intervertebral discs are examples of a(n): diarthrosis amphiarthrosis synarthrosis

amphiarthrosis

A slightly enlarged area of the semicircular ducts that responds to head rotations is the ______. saccule ampulla utricle

ampulla

Standing erect with arms at sides, face and palms forward, is referred to as being in the_____ position.

anatomical

A structure located to the front of another structure is considered to be .

anterior, ventral, or superficial

A joint disease that is characterized by inflammation, swelling and pain is called .

arthritis

The junction between two or more bones is called a(n) _________

articulation, joint, or joints

High levels of radiation are NOT used A)to sterilize medical equipment B)to kill cancer cells C)as tracers to detect molecular changes D)to sterilize from anthrax

as tracers to detect molecular changes

A(n)_______ is the smallest unit of an element that retains the properties of that element..

atom

An element is any substance that contains one type of A)molecule B)isotope C)atom D)proton.

atom

The smallest unit of matter is the A)molecule B)atom C)compound. D)isotope

atom

Arrange the following terms from the smallest to the largest: 1)cell 2)organelle 3)atom 4)organ 5)tissue

atom, organelle, cell, tissue, organ ( 3,2,1,5,4)

Ribosomes can be found: bound to the endoplasmic reticulum free within the cytoplasm bound to the Golgi apparatus attached to the plasma membrane

bound to the endoplasmic reticulum free within the cytoplasm

The pons, medulla oblongata and midbrain form the: cerebellum diencephalon limbic system brainstem

brainstem

Chemicals that help keep body fluids within a normal pH range are called A)acids B)bases C)buffers D)salts.

buffers

True or false: Aging causes a decrease in neurotransmitter production, resulting in faster synaptic transmission.

false

True or false: Weight-bearing exercises will increase the degeneration of bone and cartilage. True false question.

false: Weight bearing exercises will slow the process of degeneration of bone and cartilage.

A gradual weakening in a muscle that occurs after repeated use is ______

fatigue

When a muscle relaxes even though stimulation continues, this is known as oxygen debt soreness fatigue cramps

fatigue

A carbon-hydrogen chain that ends with a carboxylic acid group (-- COOH) is called a ______.

fatty acid

The movement of a liquid from high pressure to low pressure through small pores in the capillaries, similar to how water moves through a coffee filter, is known as___________ .

filtration

The molecule shown in the image above is a(n) ______. steroid carbohydrate nucleic acid phospholipid

phospholipid

Which of the following contains high-energy phosphate bonds? A)DNA B)Glycogen C)RNA D)ATP

ATP

Which of the following molecules is the primary energy carrier in cells? A)DNA B)ATP C)RNA D)GNA

ATP

Explain the structure and function of ATP.

ATP is composed of the base adenine,the sugar ribose,and three phosphate groups and is used in body cells to fuel reactions,active transport,nerve impulse conduction,and muscle contraction.

Energy released from the molecule_________ is used to power chemical reactions within a cell.

ATP or adenosine triphosphate

Select all of the following molecules that function as neurotransmitters. Acetylcholine Acetylcholinesterase Norepinephrine

Acetylcholine Norepinephrine

--------connective tissue stores fat and also serves to protect internal organs.

Adipose

Which type of joint is correctly matched with the structure of the joint? A)Fibrous - enclosed in a capsule B)Cartilaginous - connected with cartilage C)Synovial - connected with fibrous connective tissue

B)Cartilaginous - connected with cartilage

What procedure uses a variety of drugs to kill cancer cells? A)Radiation B)Chemotherapy C)Gene therapy D)Surgery

B)Chemotherapy

Which of the following prevents the skin from overstretching and gives it strength? A)Melanin B)Collagen fibers C)Adipose tissue D)Elastic fibers

B)Collagen fibers

Which of the following is NOT a form of RNA used in protein synthesis? A)Messenger RNA B)Complementary RNA C)Transfer RNA D)Ribosomal RNA

B)Complementary RNA

Which of the following would be classified as an irregular bone? A)Humerus B)Coxal bone C)Carpal D)Parietal bone

B)Coxal bone

Which layer of the skin contains blood vessels AND nerve fibers? A)Epidermis B)Dermis C)Epidermis and dermis

B)Dermis

In the ABCDE rule for melanoma,which of the following is NOT a warning sign? A)Uneven coloration B)Diameter greater than 3mm C)Perfectly round D)Changing size,shape,and elevation

B)Diameter greater than 3mm

In which cavity would you find the brain? A)Ventral cavity B)Dorsal cavity C)Abdominopelvic cavity D)Oral cavity

B)Dorsal

Which of the following connective tissue sheaths covers the muscle organ itself? A)Endomysium B)Epimysium C)Fascia D)Perimysium

B)Epimysium

What structure is the site of bone growth in length? A)Primary ossification center B)Epiphyseal plates C)Periosteum D)None apply.

B)Epiphyseal plates

Which type of tissue covers surfaces and lines cavities? A)Connective B)Epithelium C)Muscle D)Connective and muscle

B)Epithelium

Which cranial bone has several parts related to nose structure? A)Sphenoid bone B)Ethmoid bone C)Palatine bone D)Maxilla

B)Ethmoid bone

Which of the following cranial nerves allows one to taste a lemon and then make a face because it is sour? A)Trigeminal B)Facial C)Abducens D)Glossopharyngeal

B)Facial

What is found in the medullary cavity of an adult long bone? A)Red bone marrow B)Fat C)Calcium D)Blood vessels

B)Fat

What is the action of the brachialis muscle? A)Extend the forearm B)Flex the forearm C)Pronate the forearm D)Flex the arm

B)Flex the forearm

What type of synovial joint movement will decrease the angle between bones? A)Adduction B)Flexion C)Extension D)Supination

B)Flexion

A __________ is a flattened or shallow surface on a bone. A)Foramen B)Fossa C)Trochanter D)Condyle

B)Fossa

Which of the following bones forms the forehead? A)Parietal B)Frontal C)Mandible D)Temporal

B)Frontal

Which of the following is (are)true of the rods? A)See color B)Function in dim light C)Located in the fovea centralis D)All apply.

B)Function in dim light

Which organelle is involved in processing,packaging,and secretion of proteins and lipids? A)Ribosomes B)Golgi apparatus C)Endoplasmic reticulum D)Chromosomes

B)Golgi apparatus

Excessive muscle contraction will activate A)muscle spindles. B)Golgi tendon organs. C)Merkel disks. D)Meissner corpuscles.

B)Golgi tendon organs.

Which of the following is NOT involved in the sense of equilibrium? A)Vision B)Hearing C)Proprioceptors in joints and muscles D)Cerebellum

B)Hearing

What type of cartilage makes up the fetal skeleton? A)Fibrocartilage B)Hyaline cartilage C)Elastic cartilage

B)Hyaline cartilage

Which of the following is the largest of the coxal bones? A)Ischium B)Ilium C)Pubis

B)Ilium

Which type of muscle fibers would be utilized for short periods of walking or jogging? A)Slow-twitch fibers B)Intermediate-twitch fibers C)Fast-twitch fibers D)Medium-twitch fibers

B)Intermediate-twitch fibers

What is the role of acetylcholinesterase at a synapse? A)It stimulates the post-synaptic neuron. B)It breaks down acetylcholine. C)It releases calcium ions. D)All apply.

B)It breaks down acetylcholine.

What happens to the chromosome number as a result of mitosis? A)It is halved. B)It stays the same. C)It is doubled. D)It is tripled

B)It stays the same.

Where would a mucous membrane be found? A)Lining internal cavities B)Lining tubes and organs that open to the outside C)Covering internal organs D)Covering the brain

B)Lining tubes and organs that open to the outside

What separates the hemispheres of the cerebrum? A)Lateral fissure B)Longitudinal fissure C)Corpus callosum D)Central sulcus

B)Longitudinal fissure

The lower back is which region? A)Cephalic B)Lumbar C)Brachial D)Pectoral

B)Lumbar

Which two body systems are involved in transportation and protection of the body from disease? A)Integumentary and urinary systems B)Lymphatic and cardiovascular systems C)Muscular and lymphatic systems D)Respiratory and sensory systems

B)Lymphatic and cardiovascular systems

What is the only movable bone of the skull? A)Temporal B)Mandible C)Maxilla D)Zygomatic

B)Mandible

Which of the following is NOT a cutaneous receptor sensitive to pressure? A)Ruffini endings B)Meissner corpuscles C)Pacinian corpuscles D)Krause end bulb

B)Meissner corpuscles

Simple cuboidal epithelium that forms kidney tubules may have many microvilli.What is the reason for the microvilli? A)Protection from abrasion B)More surface area for reabsorption C)Sweeping away debris D)Lubrication

B)More surface area for reabsorption

Several layers of epithelial cells with columnar basal cells and squamous free surface cells would be called A)pseudostratified columnar epithelium. B)stratified squamous epithelium. C)stratified columnar epithelium. D)simple squamous-columnar epithelium.

B)stratified squamous epithelium.

Cardiac muscle is A)striated and voluntary. B)striated and involuntary. C)smooth and involuntary.

B)striated and involuntary.

A shallow groove on the surface of the cerebral cortex is called a A)gyrus. B)sulcus. C)ventricle. D)lobe.

B)sulcus.

Norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter used by the A)parasympathetic nervous system. B)sympathetic nervous system. C)both parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.

B)sympathetic nervous system.

The autonomic system that gets the body ready for "fight or flight" is the A)parasympathetic nervous system. B)sympathetic nervous system. C)somatic motor nervous system.

B)sympathetic nervous system.

Rheumatoid arthritis is associated with A)meninges. B)synovial membranes. C)mucous membranes. D)All apply.

B)synovial membranes.

The mandibular fossa and zygomatic process are features of the A)mandible. B)temporal bone. C)zygomatic bone. D)maxilla.

B)temporal bone.

A sarcomere is A)formed from myosin only. B)the distance between Z lines. C)the length of the H zone. D)between the I bands.

B)the distance between Z lines.

Latent period is A)the time of receiving many impulses in rapid succession. B)the period between stimulation and contraction. C)the time when ATP is depleted. D)the time of muscle relaxation.

B)the period between stimulation and contraction.

A sensory neuron carries impulses A)to muscles and glands. B)to the CNS. C)always within the CNS.

B)to the CNS.

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial tissue is found in (on)the A)skin. B)trachea. C)blood vessels. D)digestive tract.

B)trachea.

Mitosis produces __________ identical daughter cell(s). A)one B)two C)three D)four

B)two

The kidneys and urinary bladder are part of the A)endocrine system. B)urinary system. C)lymphatic system. D)digestive system.

B)urinary system.

The canal by which the spinal cord passes through the vertebrae is the A)foramen magnum. B)vertebral foramen. C)external acoustic meatus. D)nutrient foramen.

B)vertebral foramen.

Simple squamous epithelium forms the alveolar walls in the lungs and the walls of the capillaries.Why would you expect diffusion to occur more easily through simple squamous epithelium?

Because the cells are flat and single layered,making diffusion easier than it would be across multiple layers of cells.

The_________ __________ is part of the endomembrane system and consists of 3 to 20 slightly curved saccules.

Blank 1: Golgi Blank 2: apparatus, complex, apparatus, or body

An electrical signal transmitted down the length of an axon is called a(n) _____________ ____________.

Blank 1: action Blank 2: potential

The whole brain can be divided into four major portions: the________ , the_______ , the________ , and the brainstem.

Blank 1: cerebrum Blank 2: cerebellum Blank 3: diencephalon

The thickened part of the choroid layer located behind the iris that holds the lens in place is the_____ .

Blank 1: ciliary Blank 2: body or muscle

The window of the eye is the transparent_______ , which is located anterior to the aqueous humor and the lens and helps to focus entering light rays.

Blank 1: cornea

The two______ bones and the________ form the pelvic girdle (pelvis).

Blank 1: coxal or hip Blank 2: sacrum

The skull bones are subdivided into categories called the______ and the________ bones.

Blank 1: cranium or cranial Blank 2: facial or face

Smooth muscle fibers contain protein molecules called--------- -----scattered throughout the sarcoplasm that help the thin filaments produce a shortening of the cell.

Blank 1: dense Blank 2: bodies

The ear is the organ that functions in the sense of hearing. It also functions in the sense of______ .

Blank 1: equilibrium or balance

A lowered body temperature is a condition called ,_______ while an increased body temperature, sometimes associated with a fever, is a condition called __________.

Blank 1: hypothermia Blank 2: hyperthermia

The vertebral column consists of 24 vertebrae plus the_______ and the_____ .

Blank 1: sacrum Blank 2: coccyx

Problems with aging skin can include dry, itchy, cracked skin from decreased ________ , production and gray hair from a decrease in______ production.

Blank 1: sebum Blank 2: melanin

The peripheral nervous system is divided into the afferent, or_______ , system and the efferent, or , _________system.

Blank 1: sensory Blank 2: motor

Nerve impulses are transmitted to and from the brain by the_________ _______.

Blank 1: spinal Blank 2: cord

The preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic division arise from the______ and_______ regions of the spinal cord. Listen to the complete question

Blank 1: thoracic, thoracic-lumbar, or middle Blank 2: lumbar

The preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic division arise from the_______ and_______ regions of the spinal cord.

Blank 1: thoracic, thoracic-lumbar, or middle Blank 2: lumbar

The_____ portion of a serous membrane covers the organs in a body cavity. The_____ portion of a serous membrane covers the inner wall of the body cavity.

Blank 1: visceral Blank 2: parietal

Describe the skin's involvement in temperature regulation.

Blood vessels in the dermis can constrict to receive less blood and conserve heat or dilate to receive more blood and allow heat to radiate away from the body.Sweat glands remain inactive or secrete sweat.Sweat carries heat away from the body as it evaporates

Which of the following is a nucleic acid? A)DNA B)RNA C)Both DNA and RNA D)None apply.

Both DNA and RNA

Which of the following muscles move the forearm? Brachialis Biceps brachii Pectoralis major Triceps brachii Deltoid

Brachialis Biceps brachii Triceps brachii

Which of the following are changes that occur in the skin as it ages? Breakdown of elastin and collagen fibers causing wrinkles Decrease in melanocytes Increase in sebum production Decrease in subcutaneous fat Increase in body hair

Breakdown of elastin and collagen fibers causing wrinkles Decrease in melanocytes Decrease in subcutaneous fat

Which of the following statements are true regarding homeostatic mechanisms? A) They have a large range of limits B) They mostly work through positive feedback mechanisms C) They help regulate body temperature and blood and fluid composition

C) They help regulate body temperature and blood and fluid composition

Which of the following fluids make up the internal environment of the body: A) saliva B) gastric juice C) interstitial fluid (tissue fluid that surrounds the cells) D) urine E)blood

C) interstitial fluid (tissue fluid that surrounds the cells) E) blood

In a serous membrane, the ______ layer lines the cavity wall and the ______ layer covers the surface of the internal organ(s). A) visceral; parietal B) pericardial; meninges C) parietal; visceral D) meninges; pericardial

C) parietal; visceral

Which of the following are homeostatic mechanisms of the Integumentary System? (select all that apply) A) regulation of blood pressure B) storage of calcium C) protection and support of internal structures D) prevention of water loss

C) protection and support of internal structures D) prevention of water loss

Match the components of the male reproductive system. (Select all that apply) A) vulva B) uterine tubes C) testes D) penis E) ovaries

C) testes D) penis

The integumentary system consists of: A) the stomach, liver and intestines. B) the pituitary, thyroid and adrenal glands. C) the skin, hair, nails and associated glands. D) the kidneys, urinary bladder and urethra.

C) the skin, hair, nails and associated glands.

The extensions of the sarcolemma that carry the nerve impulses deep into the sarcoplasm are the A)sarcolemmas. B)myoglobins. C)tubules. D)sarcoplasmic reticulums.

C) tubules.

What percentage of a person's skin would be involved if they had burned their left arm,front of the trunk,and the front of their left leg? A)45% B)40.5% C)36% D)31.5%

C)36%

What is the correct order of events in the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction? 1)Myosin head binds to actin 2)Calcium ions bind to troponin 3)Myosin cross-bridges bend pulling actin toward center of sarcomere 4)ATP is split into ADP and P 5)Tropomyosin moves to expose active sites of actin 6)Sarcoplasmic reticulum releases calcium ions 7)ADP and P released from myosin A)2,4,6,1,3,5,7 B)1,2,3,4,5,6,7 C)6,2,5,4,1,7,3 D)4,2,7,1,6,5,3

C)6,2,5,4,1,7,3

What flows across the synaptic cleft? A)Sodium ions B)Electrons C)A neurotransmitter D)Potassium ions

C)A neurotransmitter

In which cavity would you find the stomach? A)Pleural cavity B)Dorsal cavity C)Abdominopelvic cavity D)Mediastinum

C)Abdominopelvic cavity

Which of the following cranial nerves is NOT correctly matched with its function? A)Olfactory - smell B)Oculomotor - eye movement C)Abducens - feeling from the face D)Trochlear - eye movement

C)Abducens - feeling from the face

Which disease is due,in part,to reduced amounts of acetylcholine in the brain? A)Parkinson's disease B)Huntington's disease C)Alzheimer's disease D)All apply.

C)Alzheimer's disease

On which vertebra is the odontoid process found? A)Coccyx B)Atlas C)Axis D)Thoracic

C)Axis

Which of the following is NOT part of the quadriceps femoris? A)Vastus lateralis B)Rectus femoris C)Biceps femoris D)Vastus intermedius

C)Biceps femoris

Which of the following occurs as a result of positive feedback and assists in the maintenance of homeostasis? A)Body temperature regulation B)Blood pH regulation C)Blood clot formation D)Blood cell production

C)Blood clot formation

What substances are found in bone? A)Calcium salts B)Collagen fibers C)Both calcium salts and collagen fibers

C)Both calcium salts and collagen fibers

The arm is which region? A)Cephalic B)Lumbar C)Brachial D)Pectoral

C)Brachial

Which of the following does NOT aid in the stabilization of a synovial joint? A)Ligaments B)Tendons C)Bursa D)Joint capsule

C)Bursa

How is the intensity of a stimulus coded in the conduction of an action potential? A)A larger voltage change occurs. B)By increasing the speed of the action potential. C)By the frequency of the action potentials. D)By changing the amount of sodium ions that enter the axon.

C)By the frequency of the action potentials.

Which vertebra is called the "vertebra prominens"? A)C1 B)T1 C)C7 D)C2

C)C7

What are the small passageways through compact bone that connect osteocytes to each other and the central canal? A)Lamellae B)Lacunae C)Canaliculi D)Osteons

C)Canaliculi

What structures allow osteocytes to access nutrients and oxygen? A)Trabeculae B)Lamella C)Canaliculi D)Articular cartilage

C)Canaliculi

Which type of muscle has intercalated disks? A)Skeletal muscle B)Smooth muscle C)Cardiac muscle D)Both smooth and cardiac muscles.

C)Cardiac muscle

Which type of muscle tissue contains branched fibers? A)Skeletal muscle B)Smooth muscle C)Cardiac muscle D)Skeletal and cardiac muscles

C)Cardiac muscle

What is another name for the wrist? A)Tarsals B)Metacarpals C)Carpals D)Phalanges

C)Carpals

Which contains a nucleus? A)Axon B)Dendrite C)Cell body D)Axon and dendrite

C)Cell body

Which of the following contains the nucleus? A)Axon B)Dendrite C)Cell body D)None apply.

C)Cell body

What is the role of glycolipids and glycoproteins in the plasma membrane? A)Transport of molecules through the membrane B)Restabilize the phospholipid bilayer C)Cell identification D)All apply.

C)Cell identification

What do the ventricles of the brain contain? A)Meninges B)Dura mater C)Cerebrospinal fluid D)Meninges and dura mater

C)Cerebrospinal fluid

Which of the following is NOT an ossicle? A)Stapes B)Malleus C)Cochlea D)Incus

C)Cochlea

Which of the following is the correct pathway from the retina to the visual cortex? A)Optic nerve,optic radiations,optic chiasma,ganglion cells,thalamus,optic tract,occipital lobe B)Optic tract,ganglion cells,optic radiations,thalamus,optic chiasma,optic nerve,temporal lobe C)Ganglion cells,optic nerve,optic chiasma,optic tract,thalamus,optic radiations,occipital lobe D)Optic nerve,optic tract,optic chiasma,optic radiations,thalamus,ganglion cells,parietal lobe

C)Ganglion cells,optic nerve,optic chiasma,optic tract,thalamus,optic radiations,occipital lobe

Which of the following is NOT a feature of the scapula? A)Glenoid cavity B)Acromion process C)Greater tubercle D)Coracoid process

C)Greater tubercle

What is the sign that a person has accrued an oxygen debt? A)Inability of muscle to contract B)Rigor mortis C)Heavy breathing D)Fainting

C)Heavy breathing

Which of the following is NOT a function of the reticular formation? A)Helps the cerebellum with muscle tone. B)Helps the medulla regulate respiration,heart rate and blood pressure. C)Helps the hypothalamus regulate hunger and thirst. D)Helps the cerebrum with mental alertness and arousal from sleep.

C)Helps the hypothalamus regulate hunger and thirst.

Which of the following is the correct order of events in bone repair of a fracture? A)Hematoma,bony callus,remodeling,fibrocartilage callus B)Bony callus,hematoma,fibrocartilage callus,remodeling C)Hematoma,fibrocartilage callus,bony callus,remodeling D)Remodeling,bony callus,fibrocartilage callus,hematoma

C)Hematoma,fibrocartilage callus,bony callus,remodeling

Which bone has no articulation with any other bone? A)Vomer B)Axis C)Hyoid D)Scapula

C)Hyoid

Which of the following cranial nerves is NOT correctly matched with its function? A)Glossopharyngeal - muscles for swallowing B)Vagus - sensory and motor for internal organs C)Hypoglossal - neck and back muscles D)Vestibulocochlear - hearing and balance

C)Hypoglossal - neck and back muscles

The interpretation of olfactory receptor information would fall under which general function of the nervous system? A)Sensory input B)Motor output C)Integration

C)Integration

Which of the following is NOT a body function that aids the skeletal system? A)Endocrine system regulates calcium storage and bone growth B)Cardiovascular system delivers oxygen and nutrients to bones C)Integumentary system helps provide vitamin A for calcium absorption D)Sex hormones affect bone density

C)Integumentary system helps provide vitamin A for calcium absorption

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of epithelial tissue? A)It readily divides to produce new cells. B)It has a basement membrane to connect to underlying tissue. C)It has many blood vessels to support its nutrient needs. D)It always has a free surface.

C)It has many blood vessels to support its nutrient needs.

Which of the following is INCORRECT in describing the nose? A)It is superior to the mouth B)It is medial to the eyes C)It is on the dorsal aspect of the face D)It is inferior to the forehead.

C)It is on the dorsal aspect of the face.

Which of the following bones is NOT part of the nose? A)Inferior nasal conchae B)Nasal C)Lacrimal D)Vomer

C)Lacrimal

Which of the following pairings of vertebra and their number is correct? A)Cervical - five B)Thoracic - seven C)Lumbar - five D)Sacrum - three

C)Lumbar - five

What type of medical scan is more useful in visualizing soft tissue? A)X-ray B)CT scan C)MRI D)PET

C)MRI

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of spongy bone? A)Made of bony plates called trabeculae B)Spaces of bone marrow produce blood cells C)Made of bony rings called lamellae D)Made to provide strength and support

C)Made of bony rings called lamellae

Which of the following is NOT a bone of the cranium? A)Ethmoid B)Sphenoid C)Maxilla D)Parietal

C)Maxilla

Which part of the brain has centers for the control of breathing,heart rate,and vasoconstriction? A)Pons B)Midbrain C)Medulla oblongata D)Hypothalamus

C)Medulla oblongata

Which is the most dangerous form of skin cancer? A)Basal cell carcinoma B)Squamous cell carcinoma C)Melanoma D)Both basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma

C)Melanoma

What membranes protect the brain and spinal cord? A)Mucous membranes B)Synovial membranes C)Meninges D)Cutaneous membranes

C)Meninges

Which of the following is NOT an effect of aging on the nervous system? A)Brain mass decreases B)Brain cells are lost C)Mental abilities decrease D)Neurological diseases increase in occurrence

C)Mental abilities decrease

Which cytoskeletal structure is involved in the movement of chromosomes during cell division? A)Actin filaments B)Intermediate filaments C)Microtubules D)Microvilli

C)Microtubules

Which elements of the cytoskeleton help maintain the shape of the cells,move organelles around,and aid in cell division? A)Intermediate fibers B)Cilia C)Microtubules D)Actin filaments

C)Microtubules

Which of the following is connected to the nasopharynx by the auditory (eustachian)tube? A)Inner ear B)Cochlea C)Middle ear D)Outer ear

C)Middle ear

The release of saliva when thinking of food is part of which nervous system function? A)Sensory input B)Integration C)Motor output

C)Motor output

If a person has a sore in the oral cavity,where is it located? A)Head B)Lower back C)Mouth D)Head

C)Mouth

Which of the following is NOT a function of skeletal muscles? A)Generate heat B)Maintain posture C)Move food through the GI tract D)Keep blood moving in veins and lymphatics

C)Move food through the GI tract

What is the structural classification of a motor neuron? A)Unipolar B)Multipolar C)Bipolar

C)Multipolar

The limbic system is concerned with A)relating feelings to experiences. B)our deepest emotions,such as rage and pleasure. C)learning and memory. D)All apply.

D)All apply.

Which of the following is the correct sequence of structures in a reflex arc? A)Effector,motor nerve,sensory nerve,interneuron,receptor B)Sensory nerve,interneuron,receptor,motor nerve,effector C)Receptor,sensory nerve,interneuron,motor nerve,effector D)Receptor,effector,interneuron,sensory nerve,motor nerve

C)Receptor,sensory nerve,interneuron,motor nerve,effector

Which of the following is NOT a general shape to classify bones? A)Long B)Short C)Rectangular D)Irregular

C)Rectangular

Which of the following types of cells are NOT found in the epidermis? A)Squamous epithelial cells B)Langerhans cells C)Red blood cells D)Melanocytes

C)Red blood cells

What is/are the main function(s)of the spinal cord? A)Reflex center B)Relay center between brain and peripheral nerves C)Reflex center and relay center between brain and peripheral nerves

C)Reflex center and relay center between brain and peripheral nerves

What is the function of the iris? A)Changes the shape of the lens B)Absorbs stray light rays C)Regulates the size of the pupil D)Refracts light rays

C)Regulates the size of the pupil

Which system are the testes part of? A)Urinary B)Cardiovascular C)Reproductive D)Nervous

C)Reproductive

What type of joint disease is described by the autoimmune inflammation of the synovial membrane? A)Osteoarthritis B)Osteoporosis C)Rheumatoid arthritis D)Gout

C)Rheumatoid arthritis

Which of the following sutures connects the two parietal bones? A)Coronal B)Lambdoidal C)Sagittal D)Squamous

C)Sagittal

Which type of neuroglia forms the myelin sheath around nerves outside the brain and spinal cord? A)ependymal cells B)astrocytes C)Schwann cells D)oligodendrocytes

C)Schwann cells

Which of the following functions in rotational equilibrium? A)Saccule B)Utricle C)Semicircular canals D)Both saccule and utricle are correct.

C)Semicircular canals

Which of the following structures is NOT involved in hearing? A)Ossicles B)Cochlea C)Semicircular canals D)Pinna

C)Semicircular canals

What type of tissue lines the small intestine? A)Squamous epithelium B)Loose connective C)Simple columnar epithelium D)Simple cuboidal epithelium

C)Simple columnar epithelium

Which part of the body plays a major part in support,movement,and protection? A)Nervous system B)Endocrine system C)Skeleton D)Cardiovascular system

C)Skeleton

Which type of muscle tissue is found in the walls of hollow internal organs? A)Cardiac B)Skeletal C)Smooth D)Both smooth and skeletal are correct.

C)Smooth

Which of the following serves as the site for the synthesis of phospholipids? A)Plasma membrane B)Rough ER C)Smooth ER D)Golgi apparatus

C)Smooth ER

What ion is found on the outside of the neuron membrane that mostly contributes to a positive resting potential? A)Calcium B)Potassium C)Sodium D)Chloride

C)Sodium

What system keeps the neuron at resting potential? A)Osmosis B)Pinocytosis C)Sodium-potassium pump D)Facilitated diffusion

C)Sodium-potassium pump

Which type of epithelium would be best for providing protection against abrasion? A)Simple cuboidal epithelium B)Transitional epithelium C)Stratified squamous epithelium D)Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

C)Stratified squamous epithelium

Which area of the brain serves as the sensory relay station for all sensory input except smell? A)Hypothalamus B)Pineal gland C)Thalamus D)Basal nuclei

C)Thalamus

Which of the following is NOT an aging effect of the skin? A)The skin wrinkles. B)The hair turns gray. C)The amount of adipose tissue increases. D)There are fewer sweat glands.

C)The amount of adipose tissue increases.

Which of the following is NOT true of the resting membrane potential? A)Potassium ions are concentrated inside the cell B)Sodium ions are concentrated outside the cell C)The membrane is freely permeable to sodium ions D)Large,negatively charged proteins are inside the cell

C)The membrane is freely permeable to sodium ions

Which of the following is NOT a protective function of the skin? A)Melanocytes protect from UV radiation. B)As a covering,it keeps pathogens out. C)The oily secretions allow bacteria to grow. D)Langerhans cells phagocytize pathogens.

C)The oily secretions allow bacteria to grow.

Which of the following is INCORRECT about olfaction (smell)? A)Olfactory cells are modified neurons. B)Olfactory cilia have receptors for odor molecules. C)There are 23 primary odors. D)What we taste is related to what we smell.

C)There are 23 primary odors.

What happens to cells when they move from the epidermis to the surface of the skin? A)They obtain more nutrients. B)They divide more. C)They die. D)They become dermal cells.

C)They die.

Which two cavities does the diaphragm separate? A)Abdominal and pelvic B)Dorsal and ventral C)Thoracic and abdominal D)Cranial and spinal

C)Thoracic and abdominal

Which of the following is NOT a feature of compact bone? A)Lacunae B)Lamellae C)Trabeculae D)Osteon

C)Trabeculae

Which muscle is named for its shape? A)Frontalis B)Masseter C)Trapezius D)Biceps brachii

C)Trapezius

Which of the following is NOT a cranial nerve that innervates the extrinsic eye muscles? A)Oculomotor B)Abducens C)Trigeminal D)Trochlear

C)Trigeminal

What is needed to produce vitamin D? A)Calcium B)Phosphorus C)Ultraviolet light D)Calcium and phosphorus

C)Ultraviolet light

The majority of the small intestine is found in which abdominopelvic region? A)Epigastric B)Right hypochondriac C)Umbilical D)Left iliac

C)Umbilical

The pectoral girdle A)is the shoulder girdle. B)contains the clavicle. C)contains the scapula. D)All apply.

D)All apply.

The response to signals from muscle spindles is to A)decrease the degree of muscle contraction. B)increase the degree of muscle relaxation. C)increase the degree of muscle contraction. D)decrease the frequency of impulses to muscles.

C)increase the degree of muscle contraction.

The cochlea is part of the A)middle ear. B)outer ear. C)inner ear.

C)inner ear.

The receptors for hearing and balance are in the A)outer ear. B)middle ear. C)inner ear.

C)inner ear.

The summing up of excitatory and inhibitory signals received by a neuron is called A)summation. B)potentiation. C)integration. D)transmission.

C)integration.

The epidermis and dermis make up the A)serous membrane. B)subcutaneous membrane. C)integument. D)hypodermis.

C)integument.

Turning the foot so that the sole faces inward is an example of A)supination. B)adduction. C)inversion. D)eversion.

C)inversion.

The large bump on the lateral part of the ankle is the A)lateral malleolus of the tibiA. B)lateral condyle of the tibia. C)lateral malleolus of the fibula. D)lateral condyle of the talus.

C)lateral malleolus of the fibula.

Appendicular refers to the A)skull B)thorax C)legs and arms D)skull and thorax.

C)legs and arms.

The area of rapidly dividing cells in the nail base is the A)cuticle. B)nail bed. C)lunula. D)follicle.

C)lunula.

Destruction of the macula lutea that contains the fovea centralis results in A)glaucomA. B)presbyopia. C)macular degeneration. D)cataracts.

C)macular degeneration.

Which of the following is NOT a paranasal sinus? A)sphenoidal B)frontal C)mastoidal D)maxillary

C)mastoidal

The inflammation of the membranes of the posterior (dorsal)cavity is called A)serositis B)pleurisy C)meningitis D)pericarditis

C)meningitis

Astigmatism is due to a(n) A)shortened eyeball. B)elongated eyeball. C)misshaped cornea or lens. D)increased pressure inside the eye.

C)misshaped

The process of cell division involves the two processes of A)interphase and cytokinesis. B)interphase and mitosis. C)mitosis and cytokinesis. D)cytokinesis and G1 phase.

C)mitosis and cytokinesis.

A genetic disease of progressive muscle weakening and degeneration due to the lack of a protein is A)fibromyalgiA. B)myasthenia gravis. C)muscular dystrophy. D)osteoarthritis.

C)muscular dystrophy.

Within the central nervous system,the myelin sheath is produced from A)Schwann cells. B)neurolemmocytes. C)oligodendrocytes. D)All apply.

C)oligodendrocytes.

The ______ is used in forming a kiss. A)zygomaticus B)buccinator C)orbicularis oris D)orbicularis oculi

C)orbicularis oris

Cells are to tissues as tissues are to A)systems B)molecules C)organs D)organelles

C)organs

A condition in which bones lose bone mass and therefore become weak is A)osteomyelitis. B)osteogenesis. C)osteoporosis. D)osteomalacia.

C)osteoporosis.

The formation of a pocket of the plasma membrane to bring in solid materials is called A)exocytosis. B)pinocytosis. C)phagocytosis. D)facilitated diffusion.

C)phagocytosis.

Pointing the toes (or standing on tip-toes)is an example of A)hyperextension. B)adduction. C)plantar flexion. D)eversion.

C)plantar flexion

During repolarization A)chloride ions move outside the neuron. B)sodium ions move inside the neuron. C)potassium ions move outside the neuron. D)electrons stop moving along the axon.

C)potassium ions move outside the neuron.

Mitochondria A)produce protein. B)store food. C)produce ATP. D)digest food

C)produce ATP.

Any influence that causes a mutated cell to begin uncontrollable growth is called a(n) A)initiator. B)carcinogen. C)promoter. D)vasculizer.

C)promoter.

The signaling system begun by a stimulus is called a(n) A)action potential. B)all-or-none response. C)receptor potential. D)local potential.

C)receptor potential.

The more stimulation a muscle receives,the more motor units are activated.This is called A)fatigue. B)oxygen debt. C)recruitment. D)hypertrophy.

C)recruitment.

The _______ will flex the trunk. A)transverse abdominis B)external intercostals C)rectus abdominis D)internal obliques

C)rectus abdominis

The feeling of pain on the body surface that has its origin in an internal organ is called A)nociception. B)proprioception. C)referred pain. D)visceral pain.

C)referred pain.

Autologous chondrocyte implantation allows A)replacement of articular cartilage with polyethylene. B)joint replacement with metal. C)regrowth of damaged hyaline cartilage. D)fusion of bones in a joint.

C)regrowth of damaged hyaline cartilage

The superior oblique muscle A)rolls the eye upward. B)turns the eye outward,away from the midline. C)rotates the eye counterclockwise. D)rotates the eye clockwise.

C)rotates the eye counterclockwise.

The "jumping" of an action potential from one node of Ranvier to the next node is called A)point to point conduction. B)refractory conduction. C)saltatory conduction. D)summary conduction.

C)saltatory conduction.

The plasma membrane is A)impermeable. B)permeable to everything. C)selectively permeable.

C)selectively permeable.

Liver cells help to detoxify drugs,therefore,they would have a large number of A)rough ER. B)Golgi apparatus. C)smooth ER. D)centrioles.

C)smooth ER

Intestinal muscle is A)striated and voluntary. B)striated and involuntary. C)smooth and involuntary.

C)smooth and involuntary.

The peritoneum A)is a serous membrane. B)is found in the abdomen. C)forms the mesentery. D)All apply.

D)All apply.

Which biological macromolecule functions as a source of quick energy for cells? Nucleic acids Lipids Steroids Proteins Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates

List the four macromolecules found in cells.

Carbohydrates,lipids,proteins,and nucleic acids

If you need quick energy,would you eat foods high in carbohydrates,fats,or proteins? Why?

Carbohydrates.They are the quickest and most readily available energy source for the body.

Which muscle tissue has striated cells that branch and are not under voluntary control? Skeletal Cardiac Smooth

Cardiac

Select all of the following that are functions of proteins. Catalyze (speed up) chemical reactions Padding to protect against trauma Act as chemical messengers Movement of cells Transportation of other molecules Long term energy storage

Catalyze (speed up) chemical reactions Act as chemical messengers Movement of cells Transportation of other molecules Long term energy storage

Which of the following is the main component of fiber in our diet? A)Glycogen B)Protein C)Cellulose D)Starch

Cellulose

What division of the nervous system is comprised of the brain and the spinal cord? Peripheral nervous system Central nervous system Autonomic nervous system

Central nervous system

______ are found within the aorta to help detect oxygen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen ion concentration in the blood. Chemoreceptors Proprioceptors Nociceptors Mechanoreceptors

Chemoreceptors

______ are found within the aorta to help detect oxygen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen ion concentration in the blood. Proprioceptors Chemoreceptors Mechanoreceptors Nociceptors

Chemoreceptors

Differentiate between chromosomes,chromatin,DNA,and genes.

Chromatin is a threadlike material in the nucleus that condenses during periods of cell division to form chromosomes.The chromosomes,and hence the chromatin material,contain DNA.DNA molecules are double strands of nucleotides that encode genetic information in the order of their bases.Genes are segments of DNA molecules that carry information for constructing a particular protein.

Describe the functions of cilia and flagella,and give examples of the activities of each in the body.

Cilia and flagella both produce movement. Example:Cilia sweep debris upward and out of the respiratory tract. Example:Flagella help sperm cells move.

Rounded knob of the bone

Condyle

What type of tissue is characterized by having cells separated by a non-living matrix, contains numerous fibers and whose consistency varies from a solid to a liquid? Smooth muscle tissue Epithelial tissue Connective tissue Nerve tissue

Connective tissue

The autonomic nervous system A)controls skeletal muscle contractions. B)controls actions of the internal viscera. C)controls release of secretions from glands. D)both controls actions of the internal viscera and controls release of secretions from glands are correct.

D)both controls actions of the internal viscera and controls release of secretions from glands are correct.

Hemolysis means A)swelling of cells. B)shrinking of blood cells. C)diffusion of cells into blood. D)bursting of blood cells

D)bursting of blood cells

The clouding of the lens is an aging condition of the eyes called A)glaucomA. B)presbyopia. C)macular degeneration. D)cataracts.

D)cataracts.

Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by the A)dural mater. B)pia mater. C)ventricles. D)choroid plexus.

D)choroid plexus.

Tightly-coiled,rod-like structures of DNA and proteins are called A)nucleoli. B)ribosomes. C)chromatin. D)chromosomes.

D)chromosomes.

The lens is held in place by the A)retinA. B)cornea. C)choroids. D)ciliary body.

D)ciliary body.

The orbicularis oculi muscle will A)open the eyes. B)raise the eyebrows. C)lower the eyebrows. D)close the eyes.

D)close the eyes.

The tailbone is called the A)sacrum. B)atlas. C)ilium. D)coccyx.

D)coccyx.

A __________ is a large,rounded articulating knob on a bone. A)foramen B)fossa C)trochanter D)condyle

D)condyle

The optic nerve is a A)cranial nerve. B)sensory nerve. C)spinal nerve. D)cranial nerve and a sensory nerve.

D)cranial nerve and a sensory nerve.

The dermis is composed of A)stratified squamous epithelium. B)pseudostratified columnar epithelium. C)loose connective tissue. D)dense irregular connective tissue.

D)dense irregular connective tissue.

The hand is ___________ to the elbow. A)superior B)anterior C)proximal D)distal

D)distal

The movement of materials into a cell by the formation of a pocket of the plasma membrane is called A)exocytosis. B)hemolysis. C)crenation. D)endocytosis.

D)endocytosis.

The end of a long bone is the A)diaphysis. B)periosteum. C)shaft. D)epiphysis.

D)epiphysis.

Most glands secrete their product by A)phagocytosis. B)pinocytosis. C)endocytosis. D)exocytosis.

D)exocytosis.

The _______ will extend the wrist and fingers. A)flexor digitorum B)extensor carpi C)brachialis D)extensor digitorum

D)extensor digitorum

The longest and strongest bone in the body is the A)tibiA. B)humerus. C)fibula. D)femur.

D)femur.

The __________ extends your thigh. A)iliopsoas B)sartorius C)quadriceps femoris group D)gluteus maximus

D)gluteus maximus

Small signals in a synapse that don't reach threshold,but can add together are called A)receptor potentials. B)action potentials. C)resting potentials. D)graded potentials.

D)graded potentials.

Mitosis occurs during A)growth. B)tissue repair. C)production of egg and sperm. D)growth and tissue repair.

D)growth and tissue repair.

The bone of the upper arm is the A)ulnA. B)radius. C)scapula. D)humerus.

D)humerus.

Wernicke's area or general interpretive area,is involved with A)speech. B)critical thinking. C)planning actions. D)interpreting written and spoken language.

D)interpreting written and spoken language.

The muscle that controls the amount of light that enters the eye through the pupil is the A)choroids. B)suspensory ligament. C)ciliary muscle. D)iris.

D)iris.

After nervous stimulation of the muscle cell has ceased,the calcium A)is destroyed by cholinesterase. B)is chemically bound to the filaments. C)level in the sarcoplasm increases. D)is actively pumped into the sarcoplasmic reticulum for storage.

D)is actively pumped into the sarcoplasmic reticulum for storage.

The biceps femoris is named for A)its shape and location. B)its fiber direction and action. C)its shape and number of attachments. D)its number of attachments and location.

D)its number of attachments and location.

Athletes sometimes complain of oxygen debt,a condition that results when insufficient oxygen is available to completely break down pyruvic acid.As a result,the pyruvic acid is converted to A)a strong base. B)stearic acid. C)hydrochloric acid. D)lactic aciD.

D)lactic acid

Fibularis muscles are on the _________ area of the leg. A)posterior B)medial C)anterior D)lateral

D)lateral

Proprioceptors are involved in the sense of A)pain. B)temperature. C)pressure. D)limb position.

D)limb position.

The parietal pleura A)lines the abdominal cavity. B)covers the lungs. C)covers the digestive organs. D)lines the thoracic wall.

D)lines the thoracic wall.

The spleen and thymus are part of the A)cardiovascular system. B)respiratory system. C)digestive system. D)lymphatic and immune systems.

D)lymphatic and immune systems.

The heart is _____ to the lungs. A)dorsal B)superior C)lateral D)medial

D)medial

An organism consists of A)molecules B)cells C)organs D)molecules,cells,and organs

D)molecules,cells,and organs.

The primary visual area is located in the ______ lobe. A)frontal B)parietal C)temporal D)occipital

D)occipital

The primary gustatory (taste)cortex is located in the ______. A)frontal lobe B)occipital lobe C)temporal lobe D)parietal and insula

D)parietal and insula

The gustatory (taste)area of the cerebrum is located in the A)parietal lobe. B)insula. C)frontal lobe. D)parietal lobe and insula.

D)parietal lobe and insula.

Creatine phosphate functions in the muscle cell by A)forming a temporary chemical compound with myosin. B)forming a chemical compound with actin. C)inducing a conformational change in the myofilaments. D)storing energy that will be transferred to ADP to resynthesize ATP as needeD.

D)storing energy that will be transferred to ADP to resynthesize ATP as needed

Rotating the arms so that the palms are forward is an example of A)elevation. B)abduction. C)inversion. D)supination.

D)supination.

Skin is part of A)integration and coordination. B)maintenance of the body. C)transportation. D)support,movement,and protection.

D)support,movement,and protection.

The seven ankle bones are called the A)carpals. B)metatarsals. C)metacarpals. D)tarsals.

D)tarsals.

The hair cells of the organ of Corti have stereocilia embedded in the A)basilar membrane. B)tympanic membrane. C)oval window. D)tectorial membrane.

D)tectorial membrane.

Transportation within the body is mainly part of A)the nervous system. B)the skin. C)the skeleton. D)the cardiovascular system.

D)the cardiovascular system.

Which type of extracellular junction forms an impermeable barrier of cells? A)gap junction B)adhesion junction C)membrane junction D)tight junction

D)tight junction

The flexor carpi muscles will flex the A)wrist. B)hands. C)fingers. D)wrist and hanD. E)wrist and fingers.

D)wrist and hand

Compare DNA,mRNA,and tRNA with regard to function and location.

DNA - is located in the nucleus and contains the information for the construction of proteins. mRNA - carries the DNA code to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm. tRNA - brings amino acids over to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm according to the base sequence on the mRNA molecule.

A hydrolysis reaction is an example of which reaction type? A)Decomposition B)Synthesis C)Replacement D)Neutralization

Decomposition

Nutrient and oxygen supply for the epidermis comes from blood vessels located in the_________ layer of the skin.

Dermis

What layer of the skin contains collagen fibers, glands, blood vessels, and sensory receptors? Epidermis Dermis Hypodermis

Dermis

Where are the blood vessels that supply the epidermis with nutrients and oxygen located? Dermis Epidermis Hypodermis

Dermis

What are the functions of proprioceptors? (Select all that apply) Detect skeletal muscle stretch and contraction Maintain posture and muscle tone Detect pressure and touch Detect temperature changes

Detect skeletal muscle stretch and contraction Maintain posture and muscle tone

The body contains two major cavities. What are they?

Dorsal cavity Ventral cavity.

The number of melanocytes in a person's skin determines how dark their skin tone will be. True false

False: All people have about the same number of melanocytes. Among other things, skin color is due to the amount and color of melanin produced.

Another name for hives is psoriasis. True False

False: Another name for hives is urticaria.

Compact bone is the main bone tissue found in the epiphyses of long bones. Tor F

False: Cancellous (spongy)bone is the main bone tissue found in the epiphyses of long bones.Compact bone makes up the diaphysis.

Leukemias account for 90% of all human cancers. True False

False: Carcinomas account for 90% of all human cancers.

Cardiac muscle fibers need outside nervous stimulation in order to contract. True False

False: Cardiac muscle fibers do not need outside nervous stimulation to contract;skeletal muscle does.

True False: Enzymes are destroyed after being used in a reaction.

False: Enzymes are recovered from a reaction to be used again.

Facilitated diffusion requires cellular energy. True False

False: Facilitated diffusion does not require cellular energy,it is passive.

True False: Fats are usually liquid at room temperature and oils are solids.

False: Fats are usually solid at room temperature and oils are liquid.

Most spinal cord tracts run in such a way that the left brain controls and receives sensory information from the left side of the body. True False

False: Most spinal cord tracts run in such a way that the left brain controls and receives sensory information from the right side of the body.

Much of the fetal skeleton is made of fibrocartilage that is later replaced by bone. True False

False: Much of the fetal skeleton is made of hyaline cartilage that is later replaced by bone.

Mucous membranes line internal body cavities. True False

False: Mucous membranes line cavities that are open to the outside.

Muscle tissue can only be classified by the appearance of the fibers. True False

False: Muscle tissue is classified by appearance of the fibers,the location,and mode of action.

Olfactory receptors are located on microvilli projecting from olfactory cells. True False

False: Olfactory receptors are located on cilia projecting from olfactory cells.

All types of epithelial cells have the ability to slide with respect to each other. True False

False: Only transitional epithelial cells have the ability to slide with respect to each other.

True False: Over 90% of the body is composed of four elements: carbon,nitrogen,chlorine,and hydrogen.

False: Over 90% of the body is composed of four elements: carbon,nitrogen,oxygen,and hydrogen.

Pain receptors are stimulated by normal changes in chemicals. True False

False: Pain receptors are stimulated by abnormal changes in chemicals.

Photoreceptors are the same as other types of receptors in that the stimulus of light causes the release of neurotransmitters,which then creates an action potential. True False

False: Photoreceptors are different from other types of receptors in that the stimulus of light stops the release of neurotransmitters,which then creates an action potential.

Receptors can generate action potentials. True False

False: Receptors can not generate action potentials.

Both rods and cones are found with the same density in the entire retina. T/F

False: Rods and cones are not evenly distributed in the retina.

Semipermeable membrane means that half the amount of a substance can pass through the plasma membrane. True False

False: Semipermeable membrane means that some things can pass through the plasma membrane,while other things will not pass through.

Simple epithelium has two or more layers. T or F

False: Simple epithelium has one layer of cells.

Smooth muscle has thick and thin filaments arranged the same way as in skeletal muscle. True False

False: Smooth muscle has thick and thin filaments that are arranged in a different pattern compared to skeletal muscle.

Soft tissue such as muscles shows up as light areas on X-rays. True/False

False: Soft tissue such as muscles shows up as dark areas on X-rays.

True False: radioactive isotopes are very dangerous and have no practical,safe uses.

False: Some radioactive isotopes are very dangerous and have no practical,safe uses.

The I band is dark and split by a Z line. True False

False: The I band is light and split by a Z line.

True False: area of an enzyme that interacts with the substrate is the catalyst site.

False: The area of an enzyme that interacts with the substrate is the active site.

The base of the spiral organ responds to low frequencies of sound. True False

False: The base of the spiral organ responds to high frequencies of sound. True False

The chemical nature of phospholipids will cause them to form a single layer in a water environment. True False

False: The chemical nature of phospholipids will cause them to form a double layer in a water environment.

The female pelvis is lighter,wider,and more funnel-shaped compared to the male pelvis. True False

False: The female pelvis is lighter,wider,and more shallow compared to the male pelvis.

The immunity of the body can function without help from the skeletal system. True False

False: The immunity of the body needs the skeletal system since white blood cells are produced in the red bone marrow.

The levator palpebrae superioris muscle will raise the eyebrows. True False

False: The levator palpebrae superioris muscle will raise the eyelid.

When viewed from the side,the adult vertebral column is straight. True False

False: When viewed from the side,the adult vertebral column has concave curves in the cervical and lumbar regions and convex curves in the thoracic and sacral regions.

An action potential can jump from one neuron to the next neuron. True False

False: action potential can not jump from one neuron to the next neuron.

An adult with third-degree burns over 15% of their body would NOT be considered critical. True False False

False: adult with third-degree burns over 10% or more of their body would be considered critical.

The autonomic nervous system is in control of voluntary activities. True False

False: autonomic nervous system is in control of involuntary activities.

The dermal papillae,found in the hypodermis,create the unique fingerprints of individuals. True False

False: dermal papillae,found in the papillary layer of the dermis,create the unique fingerprints of individuals.

The epidermis is very vascular. True False

False: epidermis is avascular.

It is impossible to maintain mental function as we age. True False

False: function can be maintained as we age.

The nuclear envelope is continuous with the Golgi apparatus. The True False

False: nuclear envelope is continuous with the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Most of the body's systems can function independently of the nervous system. True False

False: of the body's systems could not function correctly without nervous system control.

The endosteum is the tough connective tissue covering the bone. True False

False: periosteum is the tough connective tissue covering the bone.

Older persons are more likely to feel cold because the dermis becomes thinner. True False

False: persons are more likely to feel cold because the hypodermis becomes thinner (less adipose tissue).

A refractory period after an action potential has past will allow the impulse to go backwards. True False

False: refractory period after an action potential has past will not allow the impulse to go backwards.

The right side of the brain controls the right side of the body. True False

False: right side of the brain controls the left side of the body.

Most somatic reflexes involve the CNS. True False

False: somatic reflexes do not involve the CNS.

Spongy bone is not as strong as compact bone. True False

False: spongy bone is just as strong as compact bone.

Aging muscles have less fat present in them than in a young person. True False

False:Aging muscles have more fat present in them than in a young person.

Blood cells are formed in the spaces of compact bone. True False

False:Blood cells are formed in the spaces of spongy bone.

Eyebrows have no function connected with the eyes.They are only cosmetic. True False

False:Eyes shade the eyes from light and block perspiration.

Once a person reaches adulthood,they no longer form new bone. True False

False:People form new bone during their entire lifetime.

Taste buds are found on structures called lamellae. True False

False:Taste buds are found on structures called papillae.

The afferent division of the peripheral nervous system carries motor fibers. True False

False:The afferent division of the peripheral nervous system carries sensory fibers.

The brain and spinal cord make up the peripheral nervous system. True False

False:The brain and spinal cord make up the central nervous system.

The conjunctiva covers the cornea. True False

False:The conjunctiva covers the anterior eye,but not the cornea.

An impacted fracture means that the bone was not broken the whole way through. True False

False:an impacted fracture means that bones are wedged into each other

What makes a phospholipid different from a fat? A)Fats are neutral while phospholipids are ionized. B)Fats are solid while phospholipids are liquid. C)Fats are ionized while phospholipids are neutral. D)Fats are basic while phospholipids are acidic.

Fats are neutral while phospholipids are ionized

Explain the difference between first-degree and third-degree burns.Which one would possibly require skin grafting? Essay First-degree burns affect only the epidermis,causing redness and pain.Third-degree burns destroy the entire thickness of the skin,and would possibly need skin grafting.

First-degree burns affect only the epidermis,causing redness and pain.Third-degree burns destroy the entire thickness of the skin,and would possibly need skin grafting.

Which of the following is NOT a function of lipids? A)Long-term energy storage B)Formation of antibodies C)Formation of cell membranes D)Formation of sex hormones

Formation of antibodies

_______describes a swayback condition.

Lordosis

Select all of these that are functions of lipids in the human body. Formation of the cell membrane Storage of genetic information Structural support Energy storage Formation of steroid hormones

Formation of the cell membrane Energy storage Formation of steroid hormones

Depression in bone

Fossa

Which ventricle is located in the midline of the brainstem, just anterior to the cerebellum? Fourth Third First Second

Fourth

Which of the following is NOT a disaccharide? A)Maltose B)Galactose C)Lactose D)Sucrose

Galactose

Select all of the visual disorders that are associated with aging. Glaucoma Hyperopia Myopia Cataracts Macular degeneration Presbyopia

Glaucoma Cataracts Macular degeneration Presbyopia

What is the main molecule that provides the energy to produce ATP? A)Phosphate B)Glucose C)RNA D)Uracil

Glucose

Which of the following is NOT a component of a nucleotide? A)Pentose sugar B)Phosphate group C)Glucose D)Nitrogen-containing base

Glucose

What cell types secrete mucus onto the free surface of the epithelium? Squamous cell Transitional cell Goblet cell

Goblet cell

The organelle that is arranged in stacks and receives vesicles from the ER is the: lysosomes peroxisomes Golgi apparatus mitochondrion

Golgi apparatus

______ equilibrium helps to detect head position as well as linear acceleration. Rotational Gravitational

Gravitational

Which tissue of the CNS consists of unmyelinated axons and cell bodies? Gray matter White matter

Gray matter

Which of the following are classified as compounds? H2O C6H12O6 NaCl O2 Ca

H2O C6H12O6 NaCl: A molecule contains atoms of the same kind. A compound occurs when different atoms are combined.

Select all of these that are accessory structures of the skin. Stratum basale Hairs Glands Moles Nails

Hairs Glands Nails

Large knob of bone that creates a joint proximally

Head

Identify parts of the human body that are covered with hair. Penis Head Palms of the hands Back Lips

Head Back

Which of the following is NOT an instruction found in genes? A)How to join amino acids to make proteins. B)How to replicate DNA. C)How to break down complex carbohydrates. D)How to make RNA.

How to break down complex carbohydrates

What type of bond occurs between two or more water molecules? Ionic bond Van der waals bond Hydrogen bond Covalent bond

Hydrogen bond

Explain how hydrogen bonding contributes to the characteristics of the water molecule.

Hydrogen bonding occurs between the negative (oxygen)and positive (hydrogen)sides of adjacent water molecules.Hydrogen bonding makes water molecules cohesive so water does not boil or freeze easily.Hydrogen bonding between water molecules and ions also makes water a powerful solvent.

Which of these bones is U-shaped and is located inferiorly to the mandible? Maxilla Sternum Hyoid Zygomatic Clavicle

Hyoid

Explain why the heating of your home is an example of a negative feedback mechanism.

In a home,when the temperature drops below the level set on the thermostat,the thermostat will signal the furnace to switch on.The furnace produces heat that is transported throughout the house and the temperature rises.This is an example of negative feedback because the response (production of heat)was the opposite or negative of the stimulus (low temperature).

Compare the cerebrum and spinal cord with regard to the location of gray and white matter.

In the spinal cord,gray matter is found in the center,or core,and white matter is found near the surface.In the cerebrum,the gray matter is near the surface and the white matter is deeper.

Where does smooth muscle tissue occur in the body? In the walls of veins and arteries Attached to bones In the walls of hollow organs In the heart

In the walls of veins and arteries In the walls of hollow organs

The interpretation of the olfactory information would fall under which general function of the nervous system?

Integration

The skin and its associated structures form the_________ system.

Integumentary

Which of the following is NOT true of RNA? A)It is single-stranded B)It has uracil instead of thymine C)It has ribose sugar D)It contains the blueprint for assembling a protein

It contains the blueprint for assembling a protein

Which of the following is/are true about the location of the fourth ventricle? It is in the brainstem. It is in the thalamus. It is in the cerebellum. It is found in the midline of the brain.

It is in the brainstem. It is found in the midline of the brain.

What makes an isotope radioactive? A)It has more protons than electrons B)It releases energy to become stable C)It releases hydrogen ions into solution D)It breaks down into hydrogen and electrons.

It releases energy to become stable

__________describes someone with a hunchback.

Kyphosis

________is an excessive thoracic curvature of the vertebral column.

Kyphosis

Which of these is a set of brain structures associated with emotion and memory? Diencephalon Limbic system Broca's area Brain stem

Limbic system

Which four of the following are the major organic macromolecules that make up cells? Lipids Carbohydrates Proteins Water Nucleic acids Hydroxide ions

Lipids Carbohydrates Proteins Nucleic acids

Match the basic bone shapes with the proper example:

Long= Thigh bone (femur) Short= Wrist bone (carpals) Flat= Most skull bones Irregular=Bones of the spine (vertebrae)

What are the functions of proprioceptors? (Select all that apply) Detect pressure and touch Maintain posture and muscle tone Detect temperature changes Detect skeletal muscle stretch and contraction

Maintain posture and muscle tone Detect skeletal muscle stretch and contraction

What are the membranes that surround and protect the brain and spinal cord? Pleurae Vertebrae Meninges Neuroglia Peritoneum

Meninges

Compare mitosis and meiosis with regard to number of cell divisions,effect on chromosome number,and function.

Mitosis involves one round of cell division and does not alter the chromosome number in the cells.Meiosis involves two rounds of cell division and reduces the chromosome number by half.Whereas mitosis functions in growth and tissue repair,meiosis functions in the production of gametes.

What homeostatic effect does the muscular system have on the skeleton? Muscle contraction keeps blood moving Muscle contraction provides heat and moves the skin of the face Muscle contraction causes bones to move Muscle contraction moves eyes and permits speech

Muscle contraction causes bones to move

What homeostatic effect does the muscular system have on the cardiovascular system? Muscle contraction causes bones to move Muscle contraction keeps blood moving Muscle contraction provides heat and moves the skin of the face Muscle contraction moves eyes and permits speech

Muscle contraction keeps blood moving

What homeostatic effect does the muscular system have on the integument? Muscle contraction moves eyes and permits speech Muscle contraction keeps blood moving Muscle contraction causes bones to move Muscle contraction provides heat and moves the skin of the face

Muscle contraction provides heat and moves the skin of the face

These types of cells are specialized for contraction and also enable the movement of body parts. Nerve fibers Muscle fibers Connective fibers

Muscle fibers

If muscle fibers obey the all-or-none law,then how can muscles exhibit various strengths of contraction?

Muscles can exhibit various strengths of contraction because different numbers of fibers can be contracting during muscle contraction.When more muscle fibers are contracting the whole-muscle contraction is of greater strength.When few muscle fibers are contracting the whole-muscle contraction is of lesser strength.

Detection and transmission of sensory input, integration, and motor output are functions of which organ system? Respiratory Nervous Lymphatic Cardiovascular Muscular

Nervous

The cells that support and protect neurons are cells_____

Neuroglia

These cells make up more than half the volume of the brain, and support and protect neurons. Lymphocytes Neuroglia Red blood cells White blood cells

Neuroglia

Select all that apply Identify the two principal cells that make up the nervous tissues. Neuroglia Neutrophils Hepatocytes Neurons Keratinocytes

Neuroglia Neurons

Which of the following subatomic particles are found in the nucleus of an atom? A)Protons and electrons B)Electrons and neutrons C)Protons and shells D)Neutrons and protons

Neutrons and protons

What is the monomer of a nucleic acid? Amino acid Monosaccharide Triglyceride Nucleotide

Nucleotide

What is the monomer of a nucleic acid? Multiple choice question. Amino acid Nucleotide Triglyceride Monosaccharide

Nucleotide

Where does transcription occur in a human cell? Cytoplasm Golgi apparatus Lysosome Nucleus

Nucleus

Where does transcription occur in a human cell? Cytoplasm Nucleus Golgi apparatus Lysosome

Nucleus

Which of the following bones are included in the appendicular skeleton? Pelvic girdle Humerus, ulna, and radius Sternum and vertebral column Femur, tibia and fibula Sacrum and coccyx Pectoral girdle

Pelvic girdle Humerus, ulna, and radius Femur, tibia and fibula Pectoral girdle

Which of the following bones are included in the appendicular skeleton? Sternum and vertebral column Pelvic girdle Pectoral girdle Humerus, ulna, and radius Sacrum and coccyx Femur, tibia and fibula

Pelvic girdle Pectoral girdle Humerus, ulna, and radius Femur, tibia and fibula Need help? Review these concept resources.Read About the Concept Feedback Next Question Reading

Phosphorus has an atomic number of 15 and a mass number of 31.How many protons,neutrons,and electrons does an atom of the element phosphorus have?

Phosphorus has 15 protons,16 neutrons,and 15 electrons.

What is the function of the sympathetic nervous system? Prepares body for energy-expending, stressful, or emergency situations; "flight-or-fight" response Regulates body functions while in restful situations; "resting and digesting" response

Prepares body for energy-expending, stressful, or emergency situations; "flight-or-fight" response

Choose all of the ways that skin works with other organ systems to help maintain homeostasis. Produces vitamin D which ultimately helps store Ca2+ in bone Assist kidneys in regulating water balance Provides sensory information to the nervous system Helps skeletal system maintain temperature

Produces vitamin D which ultimately helps store Ca2+ in bone Assist kidneys in regulating water balance Provides sensory information to the nervous system

Identify the common symptoms of heat exhaustion: Profuse sweating Electrolyte imbalance Low blood pressure Lower than normal body temperature

Profuse sweating Electrolyte imbalance Low blood pressure

Which biological macromolecule performs a wide range of functions including structural support, transport, and catalysis (speeding up) of metabolic reactions? Protein Nucleic acid Lipid Carbohydrate

Protein

Which subatomic particle determines the identity of an atom? A)Neutron B)Proton C)Electron D)Prion

Proton

Describe each of the three subatomic particles with regard to charge,weight,and location in an atom.

Protons are positively charged particles with a weight of one atomic mass unit that are located in the nucleus of an atom.Neutrons are uncharged particles with a weight of one atomic mass unit that are also found in the nucleus of an atom.Electrons are negatively charged particles with no appreciable weight that are located in the electron shells that surround the nucleus of an atom.

Select all of these that are functions of the dermis. Provide sensory information Protect the body from water loss Anchor the epidermis Provide nutrients to the epidermis

Provide sensory information Anchor the epidermis Provide nutrients to the epidermis

______ is the tissue which usually contains numerous goblet cells and ciliated columnar cells, and can be found lining the respiratory tract, Stratified ciliated columnar epithelium Simple cuboidal epithelium Simple goblet epithelium Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Describe the process in which sound waves are conducted to the spiral organ. Essay

Sound waves enter the auditory canal and vibrate the tympanic membrane,which vibrates the ossicles in the middle ear,the malleus,incus,then stapes.The sound waves or vibrations are then sent through the oval window,making vibrations or waves in the fluid in the canals of the inner ear.This stimulates the hearing receptors,located on the spiral organ in the cochlea,which send the information to the temporal lobe of the cerebrum.

Identify the organ that is located in the vertebral canal. Pons Cerebellum Brain Midbrain Spinal cord

Spinal cord

What structure conducts nerve impulses towards and away from the brain and also acts as a motor reflex center? Vertebral column Sympathetic trunk Spinal cord

Spinal cord

Which of the following contains glucose? A)Protein B)Fat C)Nucleic acid D)Starch

Starch

What type of tissue is the epidermis composed of? Dense connective tissue Areolar connective tissue Stratified squamous epithelium Simple cuboidal epithelium Simple columnar epithelium

Stratified squamous epithelium

Which of the following is NOT a monosaccharide? A)Glucose B)Fructose C)Sucrose D)Galactose

Sucrose

Describe how sweat cools the body and explain why sitting in front of a fan cools the body more rapidly.

Sweat absorbs body heat and the evaporation of sweat carries the heat away.Sitting in front of a fan increases the rate of sweat evaporation.

Which of the following types of reactions involves the production of a larger product by combining smaller reactants? A)Degradation B)Replacement C)Synthesis D)Decomposition

Synthesis

Which of the following are classified as steroids? Testosterone Glycerol Cholesterol Phospholipid Estrogen

Testosterone Cholesterol Estrogen

Which of the following are classified as steroids? Multiple select question. Phospholipid Testosterone Estrogen Cholesterol Glycerol

Testosterone Estrogen Glycerol

The_______ and the_______ are the two major components of the diencephalon.

Thalamus, hypothalamus

Which of the following is NOT a property of water? A)The ability to cling to other water molecules,yet flow. B)The ability to facilitate chemical reactions. C)The ability to insulate the body from temperature extremes. D)The ability to dissolve nonpolar,hydrophobic molecules.

The ability to dissolve nonpolar,hydrophobic molecules.

How would you determine if skeletal remains are female or male? Essay

The female's bones are generally smaller and weigh less than the male.The pelvic bones provide the most information since the female's pelvis is broader,the inlet larger,the cavity more shallow,and the pubic arch shaped like an inverted U.

Describe the focusing process of the eye.

The focusing of the eye,or accommodation,is the result of the contraction and relaxation of the ciliary muscle.When an object is near,the ciliary muscle contracts and the lens becomes round so the object is in focus on the retina.When an object is far away,the ciliary muscle relaxes and the lens flattens.

How could you differentiate between the skeletons of a tall adolescent and a short adult? Assume the skeletons are the same size. Essay

The limb bones of the adolescent skeleton would still have epiphyseal plates,whereas the limb bones of the adult skeleton would not.

Which of these best describes a cell in interphase? The nuclear envelope has broken down and compact chromosomes are visible. Chromosomes are located at the poles of the cell. Chromosomes are aligned at the center of the cell. The nucleus is intact and contains chromatin.

The nucleus is intact and contains chromatin.

Which of the following is NOT a way in which the skeletal system interacts with other body systems to maintain homeostasis? The red bone marrow produces white blood cells used by the immune system. Bones are used in chewing to help break food into smaller pieces for digestion. The skeletal system stores and releases magnesium which is needed by the muscular and nervous systems. The skeletal system protects the internal organs.

The skeletal system stores and releases magnesium which is needed by the muscular and nervous systems.

Distinguish between the stratum basale and the stratum corneum regarding structure and function. Essay

The stratum basale,the lowest layer of the epidermis,lies just above the dermis and contains basal cells that are constantly dividing.The new cells are pushed away from the dermis,accumulate the protein keratin and then die as they move away from the blood vessels of the dermis.These dead,flat,hard,waterproof cells form the stratum corneum,the surface layer of the epidermis.

When someone is frightened,they seem to have more strength to run or fight than normal.What is the reason for this?

The sympathetic nervous system releases the neurotransmitter norepinephrine which accelerates the heartbeat and increases respiration.

Compare the three types of fibers found in connective tissue. Essay

White fibers contain collagen and are flexible and strong.Yellow fibers contain elastin and are elastic but not as strong as collagen fibers.Reticular fibers also contain collagen but are thinner than white fibers and highly branched.

Which tissue of the CNS consists of myelinated axons that run together in tracts? White matter Gray matter

White matter

The term orbicularis means a diagonal muscle a large muscle a circular muscle a straight muscle

a circular muscle

A motor unit is made up of: multiple nerve fibers and the muscle fiber they innervate multiple nerve fibers and all of the muscle fibers they innervate a nerve fiber and all of the muscle fibers it innervates

a nerve fiber and all of the muscle fibers it innervates

Glycogen is A)a monosaccharide used for quick energy. B)a protein found in cell membranes. C)a polysaccharide used as stored energy in animals. D)a fat found in margarine.

a polysaccharide used as stored energy in animals.

The nails, hair follicles and glands of the dermis are classified as ______ of skin. accessory structures primary structures layers

accessory structures

A substance that dissociates in water,releasing hydrogen ions is a(n) A)salt B)base C)protein D)acid

acid

A pH of 5.5 would be considered A)acidic B)basic C)neutral

acidic

The innermost, or deepest, layer of cells of the epidermis is called the stratum______________.

basale

A substance that can take up hydrogen ions or release hydroxide ions in water is a(n) A)salt. B)base C)protein D)acid

base

The hypodermis or subcutaneous layer is located directly: beneath the epidermis above the epidermis beneath the dermis above the dermis

beneath the dermis

List the characteristics of connective tissue: bind other tissues and organs together can contract to produce movement consistency can vary from a solid to a liquid can transmit electrical information

bind other tissues and organs together consistency can vary from a solid to a liquid

The connective tissue that contains formed elements suspended in a liquid matrix is________

blood

The most rigid connective tissue, whose matrix contains calcium salts deposited around collagen fibers, is__________

bone

Movement of the body is accomplished by muscles pulling on the _______

bones, periosteum, bone, or skeleton

Which of the following are characteristics of stratified squamous epithelium? contains multiple cell layers has a protective role in the body cells at the surface are round specialized for diffusion cells at the surface are flat

contains multiple cell layers has a protective role in the body cells at the surface are flat

Transitional epithelium contains a single layer of squamous cells contains a single layer of cuboidal cells contains several layers of cuboidal cells is found lining the urinary bladder can stretch

contains several layers of cuboidal cells is found lining the urinary bladder can stretch

What feature listed below is common to all muscle types? Secretion Contraction Movement of bones Regulation of blood pressure

contraction

Which of the following are components of the thoracic cage? clavicle scapula costal cartilages ribs thoracic vertebra sternum

costal cartilages ribs thoracic vertebra sternum

A bond created from the sharing of electrons between two atoms is a(n)______ bond A)covalent B)hydrogen C)ionic D)metallic

covalent

Which of the following describe the endomysium? (Select all that apply.) covers each individual muscle fiber made up of adipose connective tissue made up of areolar (loose) connective tissue covers a bundle of muscle fibers contains blood vessels and nerves for muscle fibers

covers each individual muscle fiber made up of areolar (loose) connective tissue contains blood vessels and nerves for muscle fibers

Nerves that are attached to the brain are called ______ nerves.

cranial

A slender ridge

crest

The inner membrane of the mitochondria is folded to form_________.

cristae

The stage of cell division where the cytoplasm divides is called ____

cytokinesis

The structure in a human cell that carries out translation is called a ____

cytoplasm, ribosome, or Rough ER

Microtubules and intermediate filaments make up the _____. cytoskeleton mitochondrion smooth ER nucleus

cytoskeleton

Microtubules, intermediate filaments and actin filaments are all part of the_____________ , which helps to maintain the cell's shape.

cytoskeleton

In smooth muscle fibers, the thick filaments do not attach to the thin filaments to produce shortening of the fiber. Instead, the thin filaments are anchored directly to the sarcolemma or to protein molecules called: anchors dense bodies actin troponin myosin

dense bodies

The layers of the skin include:. dermis skeletal muscle epidermis tendons

dermis epidermis

As we age, bone and cartilage ____ causing our bones to become hard and brittle. recuperate deteriorate repair develop improve

deteriorate

The________ region is located above the midbrain, below the corpus callosum and between the two cerebral hemispheres.

diencephalon

The movement of respiratory gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between the lungs and and the blood is an example of: filtration diffusion osmosis active transport

diffusion

Absorbs calcium from food to be used in bone growth and repair.

digestive System

When homeostatic mechanisms don't work properly and a part of the body can no longer function properly,________ , or even death, occurs.

disease, illness, diseases, or sickness

When two pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms a ______ bond is formed A)single covalent B)double covalent C)triple covalent D)double ionic

double covalent

The shape of the DNA molecule is a(n) A)single strand. B)globule. C)double helix. D)inverted T.

double helix

The auditory canal is lined with specialized sweat glands that produce cerumen, more commonly known as: pinna earwax eardrum hair cells

earwax

The motor division is also called the ______system; the sensory division is also called the ____system.

efferent; afferent

Compounds that form ions when put into water are called A)mixtures. B)solvents. C)electrolytes. D)suspensions.

electrolytes

An atom is the smallest component of a(n) _____ where it still retains its chemical properties. solution compound element mixture

element

The process that allows fats to mix with water,particularly so digestion can occur is called A)hydrolysis B)degradation C)dehydration D)emulsification

emulsification

Regulates the storage of calcium in bones and the growth of bones.

endocrine system

What homeostatic effect does the muscular system have on our respiratory system? enhances respiratory capacity moves lymph provides glucose for metabolism physical exercise enhances immunity assists in breathing

enhances respiratory capacity assists in breathing

Smaller knob above condyle

epicondyle

Within the skin, the _________ is composed of stratified squamous epithelium.

epidermis

The layers of the skin include: epidermis dermis tendons skeletal muscle

epidermis dermis

The outermost, or most superficial, layer of the skin is the______ and the deeper layer is the _____

epidermis dermis

The tissue that can protect the body from drying out, sweep up impurities in the respiratory tract, and secrete mucous is ____ tissue. nerve muscle epithelial connective

epithelial

Glands are primarily made up of __________. muscle tissue connective tissue nerve tissue epithelium

epithelium

An ______ neurotransmitter will bring the postsynaptic membrane closer to threshold and thus fire an action potential. excitatory inhibitory

excitatory

Even though muscle mass and strength decrease with age, elderly people can reverse these effects with more sleep drinking more calcium exercise

exercise

The process in which substances are secreted through vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane is _______

exocytosis

The process in which substances are secreted through vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane is ________________

exocytosis

Name the action of the extensor digitorum. flex the fingers extend and abduct the wrist extend the fingers

extend the fingers

The accessory organs of the eye include eyelashes gustatory glands extrinsic eye muscles eyebrows lacrimal apparatus olfactory duct

eyelashes extrinsic eye muscles eyebrows lacrimal apparatus

Glucose is transported down its concentration gradient by protein carriers in the plasma membrane using: phagocytosis active transport osmosis facilitated diffusion

facilitated diffusion

Glucose is transported down its concentration gradient by protein carriers in the plasma membrane using: phagocytosis facilitated diffusion active transport osmosis

facilitated diffusion

The movement of molecules down their concentration gradient, with the assistance of an integral membrane protein, is known as: active transport endocytosis facilitated diffusion osmosis

facilitated diffusion

The movement of a liquid from high pressure to low pressure, like water and dissolved solutes passing through tiny pores in capillary cells, is known as: filtration facilitated diffusion osmosis active transport

filtration Reason: Facilitated diffusion involves membrane proteins, which aren't mentioned in the question. Reason: When water with solutes moves through pores, it is called filtration.

The five basic shapes of bones are: flat irregular square round short long

flat irregular round short long

A movement that decreases a joint angle is called_______

flexion

Bending your fingers toward your palm to make a fist is known as: flexion dorsiflexion extension abduction

flexion

Hole in the bone

foramen

The term given to an opening in bones that allows other structures, condyle fossa tubercle line foramen

foramen

The term given to an opening in bones that allows other structures, e.g. nerves and blood vessels, to enter and exit is: tubercle foramen line fossa condyle

foramen

The removal of a water molecule during a reaction results in A)breaking a bond. B)forming an acid. C)hydrolysis. D)forming a bond

forming a bond

Which of the following describe simple cuboidal epithelium? specialized for protection found in glands multiple layers of cube-shaped cells single layer of cube-shaped cells specialized for secretion and absorption

found in glands single layer of cube-shaped cells specialized for secretion and absorption

Steroids differ in structure from other lipids in that they have a backbone of A)four fused carbon rings B)branched chains of carbons C)saturated carbon chains D)unsaturated carbon chains

four fused carbon rings

The center of the macula lutea where vision is the sharpest is the: cornea suspensory ligaments fovea centralis pupil choroid

fovea centralis

One or more epithelial cells that produce and secrete a product are known as a _____. gland vesicle membrane desmosome

gland

The main monomer for carbohydrates is A)sucrose. B)nucleic acids. C)glucose. D)amino acids.

glucose

The majority of the_______ matter of the spinal cord is formed by interneurons.

gray

In the DNA molecule,the complementary base pair of cytosine is always A)uracil B)guanine C)adenine D)thymine.

guanine

Cardiac muscle tissue is found only in the ________

heart

The ability of water to absorb large amounts of heat energy without changing its temperature is a A)low specific heat capacity. B)low heat of vaporization. C)high specific heat capacity. D)high heat of vaporization.

high specific heat capacity

The function of the centrioles is to: assist in movement of the organelles throughout the cytoplasm increase surface area for absorption transport substances throughout the cytoplasm of the cell organize the microtubules of the spindle apparatus during cell division

organize the microtubules of the spindle apparatus during cell division

The------ of a muscle is on the stationary bone, or its immovable end.

origin

The type of transport where water moves across a membrane is called __________.

osmosis or passive

Tiny granules called _______ are embedded within a gelatinous material inside the utricle and saccule. ampulla otoliths cupula

otoliths

When a muscle fiber depletes its stores of creatine phosphate and has a high level of lactic acid, it incurs a(an) threshold stimulus period of relaxation oxygen debt

oxygen debt

Nociceptors are somatic receptors that are also known as________ receptors.

pain

The general signs and symptoms of arthritis are: pain inflammation swelling bone demineralization

pain inflammation swelling

Match the function to the correct lobe of the cerebrum. 1. Vision = occipital lobe 2. arm movement = frontal lobe 3. taste= insula 4. body senses= parietal lobe 5. hearing= temporal lobe

parietal lobe (4) occipital lobe (1) temporal lobe (5) insula (3) frontal lobe (2)

The bones of the______ girdle support the arms.

pectoral

A monosaccharide of five carbons is a A)hexose sugar B)glycerol C)fatty acid D)pentose sugar

pentose sugar

Nerves and sensory receptors compose the________ nervous system.

peripheral or PNS

ATP is a modified nucleotide composed of an adenosine molecule (adenine plus ribose) and three------ groups.

phosphate

Phospholipids are similar to triglycerides except that in place of one fatty acid, they have a _____ group. methyl phosphate amino carboxylic acid

phosphate

The third phosphate group of an ATP molecule is attached to the rest of the molecule by a high-energy ______ bond. peptide phosphate hydrogen

phosphate

The lower the pH, A)the lesser the hydrogen ion concentration. B)the more acidic the solution. C)the lesser the hydrogen ion concentration and the more acidic the solution. D)the greater the hydroxide ion concentration. E)the more basic the solution and the greater the hydroxide ion concentration.

the more acidic the solution

The differences between one polypeptide and another lies in A)the type of peptide bond they contain. B)the type of sugar they contain. C)whether they are saturated or not. D)the sequence of amino acids.

the sequence of amino acids.

Molecules form from A)the shape of the individual atoms B)the attraction between electrons C)the sharing of electrons D)a drive toward solubility

the sharing of electrons

As cells of the epidermis move from the stratum basale towards the stratum corneum of the skin: they accumulate deposits of keratin they get closer to their supply of nutrients they begin to die they move further away from blood vessels in the dermis

they accumulate deposits of keratin they begin to die they move further away from blood vessels in the dermis

Which of the following are characteristics of pain receptors? (Select all that apply) they are also called Pacinian corpuscles they are also called nociceptors they are sensitive to tissue damage

they are also called nociceptors they are sensitive to tissue damage

The cells of the epidermis die as they are pushed towards the surface of the skin because: they are shed from the skin surface they are killed by pathogens they fill with melanin they are too far from their nutrient supply

they are too far from their nutrient supply

Indicate the origins of sympathetic preganglionic neurons: the diencephalon thoracic and lumbar regions of spinal cord brainstem and the sacral regions of spinal cord cervical regions of the spinal cord

thoracic and lumbar regions of spinal cord

In the DNA molecule,the complementary base pair of adenine is always A)uracil. B)cytosine. C)thymine. D)guanine.

thymine.

Which of the following bones are located in the lower extremity? humerus tibia carpals fibula metatarsals femur

tibia fibula metatarsals femur

An extracellular junction that forms an impermeable barrier is called a(n)______ adhesion junction gap junction tight junction

tight junction

A group of specialized cells that work together to perform a common function in the body is known as a(n) ________

tissue

The spinal cord extends from the foramen magnum to the inferior margin of the last thoracic vertebra. to the the first sacral vertebra. to the end of the coccyx. to the first thoracic vertebra. to the inferior margin of the first lumbar vertebra.

to the inferior margin of the first lumbar vertebra.

Epithelium that can change in response to tension (such as pressure) is called______ epithelium.

transitional

A large oval knob that is found only on the femur is a

trochanter

True or false: Each bone is made up of a variety of different tissue types.

true

True or false: In cardiac muscle, once calcium has bound to troponin, interactions between myosin and actin occur just like in skeletal muscle. True False

true: Reason: Cardiac and skeletal muscle are similar this way. They differ in the origin of the calcium.

Water accounts for approximately ______ of body weight. two-thirds one-third half

two-thirds