UNIT: States and Changes Of Matter

In the diagram below, particles of the substance are moving from the liquid phase to the gas phase at the same rate as they move from the gas phase to the liquid phase. The gas and liquid are at A.) equilibrium. B.) a high vapor pressure. C.) a low vapor pressure. D.) zero vapor pressure.

A

The diagram below shows the different phase transitions that occur in matter. Which best describes the process that arrow 1 represents? A.) Molecules are speeding up during boiling. B.) Molecules are depositing as ice on a surface. C.) Molecules are slowing down during condensing. D.) Molecules are moving from stationary positions.

A

When the process of condensation occurs, the kinetic energy of particles A.) is insufficient to overcome intermolecular forces. B.) becomes independent of temperature. C.) becomes exactly equal to the intermolecular forces. D.) easily overcomes the intermolecular forces.

A

Which is a postulate of the kinetic-molecular theory? A.) Gas particles have a small volume relative to the spaces between them. B.) Gas particles have a large volume relative to the spaces between them. C.) Gas particles are very small in size and always move slowly. D.) Gas particles are very large in size and always move slowly.

A

Which statement describes a chemical property of water? A.) It reacts with sodium metal. B.) It has a melting point of 0°C. C.) It has a density of about 1 g/mL. D.) It is clear and colorless.

A

Which statement describes a limitation of the kinetic-molecular theory for a gas? A.) The theory assumes that particles do not experience intermolecular forces. B.) The theory states that pressure is inversely proportional to volume. C.) The theory assumes that particles are in random and continuous motion. D.) The theory states that pressure increases with temperature.

A

The diagrams show the particles of a substance.Which statement best describes the process that the diagrams show? A.) A solid loses kinetic energy to become a liquid and then becomes a gas. B.) A solid gains kinetic energy to become a liquid and then becomes a gas. C.) A gas loses kinetic energy to become a liquid and then becomes a solid. D.) A gas gains kinetic energy to become a liquid and then becomes a solid.

B

Which best explains why water has a much higher boiling point than would otherwise be predicted? A.) Water forms weak hydrogen bonds. B.) Water forms strong hydrogen bonds. C.) Water has weak cohesive forces. D.) Water has strong adhesive forces.

B

Which of these is an example of a physical change? A.) sugar, when heated, producing carbon dioxide and water B.) solid ice, when heated, turning into liquid water C.) sodium, when exposed to chlorine, forming sodium chloride D.) aluminum, when heated in air, forming aluminum oxide

B

According to the kinetic-molecular theory, what happens to a liquid when it is transferred from one container to another? A.) The volume and the shape stay the same. B.) The volume increases to fill the new container, but the shape stays the same. C.) The volume stays the same, but the shape changes to fit the new container. D.) The volume and the shape change to fill the new container.

C

Water is called the "universal solvent." Which statement best explains this description with respect to ionic compounds? A.) Water can dissociate all ionic compounds through ion-dipole interactions. B.) Water can hydrate many ionic compounds through hydrogen-bonding interactions. C.) Water can dissociate many ionic compounds through ion-dipole interactions. D.) Water can hydrate many ionic compounds through dipole-dipole interactions.

C

When a strip of magnesium metal is touched to a flame, a bright light and a whitish substance are produced. Why is the burning of magnesium considered a chemical change? A.) because the metal reaches a high temperature B.) because the metal begins to melt C.) because a new substance is formed D.) because the metal is malleable

C

Which sequence represents the relationship between pressure and volume of an ideal gas as explained by the kinetic-molecular theory? A.) more gas particles more collisions higher pressure B.) smaller volume crowded particles less collisions lower pressure C.) smaller volume crowded particles more collisions higher pressure D.) more gas particles more kinetic energy more volume higher pressure

C

Which statement best compares the melting point of butane (C4H10) with that of octane (C8H18)? A.) The melting points of both substances are identical. B.) The melting point is lower for the substance that has stronger attractive forces. C.) The melting point is higher for the substance that has stronger intermolecular forces. D.) The melting point is not dependent on intermolecular forces.

C

Which statement describes an extensive property of matter? A.) It changes with the color of a substance. B.) It changes when a new substance is formed. C.) It changes with the amount of sample that is present. D.) It changes with the composition of a substance.

C