Unit V - Chapters 31 & 32 - NUR 209

What is the name for the anatomical structure that joins the bones of a joint together? a. A ligament b. A tendon c. A muscle d. Cartilage

a. A ligament Ligaments hold the bones of a joint together. Tendons are connective tissues that provide joint movement. Cartilage is a type of connective tissue in which fibers and cells are embedded in a semisolid gel material.

How often should range-of-motion (ROM) exercises be performed? a. Four to six times a day b. Three to four times a day c. Once a day d. Once in the morning and once in the afternoon

b. Three to four times a day ROM exercises, both passive and active, are planned and carried out as soon as feasible after immobilization occurs as a result of disease, injury, or surgery. The exercises are done to maintain functional connective tissue within the joint and thereby ensure that every joint retains its function and mobility. ROM exercises should be done three to four times a day.

A client has a newly fractured fibula that is plaster casted in the emergency department. Because the client will need to use crutches, the nurse plans to teach the client which crutch-walking gait before discharge? a. Two-point gait b. Three-point gait c. Four-point gait d. Swing-through gait

b. Three-point gait

The nurse is evaluating the pin sites of a client in skeletal traction. The nurse would be least concerned with which finding? a. Inflammation b. Purulent drainage c. Pain at a pin site d. Serous drainage

d. Serous drainage

During the postoperative care of a patient who has undergone a surgical amputation, the nurse known that the most frequent problems to be alert for immediately after surgery are: a. infection and edema. b. DVT and pulmonary embolism. c. fat embolism and hemorrhage. d. hemorrhage and edema.

d. hemorrhage and edema.

A patient with a cast is complaining of numbness, tingling, and pain in the affected extremity. After elevating the extremity for 30 minutes, the patient's complaints are unchanged. The nurse's most appropriate intervention at this time is to: a. apply ice to the extremity. b. assess for foul-smelling odor from the cast. c. apply heat to the extremity. d. notify the physician.

d. notify the physician.

The nurse is caring for a client who has just had rotator cuff repair. The client asks the nurse how soon he can resume his tai chi classes. The nurse would make which statement to the client? a. "You shouldn't be doing any exercises that require the use of your upper arms until you have been cleared to do so by the primary health care provider." b. "You will never be able to do tai chi again!" c. "Tai chi is good for you, so you can start any time." d. "Tai chi uses only your leg muscles, so it would be all right."

a. "You shouldn't be doing any exercises that require the use of your upper arms until you have been cleared to do so by the primary health care provider."

A patient is learning to use crutches on the stairs. Which action indicates that the patient needs further instruction? a. The patient places the good leg on the step to be climbed first. b. The patient places the crutch on the affected side on the next step first. c. The patient places the affected leg on the step to be climbed first. d. The patient places the crutches on the floor and uses a swing-through method to get to the next step.

a. The patient places the good leg on the step to be climbed first. When climbing stairs with crutches, the patient should first stand at the foot of the stairs with weight on the good leg and crutches, put weight on the crutch handles, and then lift the good leg up onto the first step of the stairs. Weight should be placed on the good leg to lift the injured leg and crutches up to that step.

Causative factors for osteoporosis include: a. long-term calcium deficiency or deficiency of vitamin D or estrogen. b. body weight greater than 135 pounds. c. long-term history of weight-bearing exercises. d. multiple pregnancies.

a. long-term calcium deficiency or deficiency of vitamin D or estrogen.

When a joint is obliterated by bony overgrowth, the joint is said to be _________.

ankylosed

The nurse adds interventions for range-of-motion (ROM) and isometric exercises for the new patient with a stroke. The nurse's reasoning stems from her awareness that contracture formation may begin with how many days of immobilization? a. 1 day b. 3 days c. 2 days d. 10 days

b. 3 days Contracture-related muscle changes occur as early as 3 days of immobilization.

The nurse is collecting data from a client who is being seen in the health care clinic. The client is complaining of unrelieved back pain that has persisted over the past 3 months. Which harmful effect can occur as a result of uncontrolled muscle pain? a. Hypertension b. Weakness c. Anorexia d. Weight loss

b. Weakness

In which part of the body does the most common muscle strain occur? a. Hip b. Shoulder c. Back d. Knee

c. Back

When instructing a patient with arthritis on the application of heat for pain and stiffness, the nurse will inform the patient that: a. dry heat devices will penetrate the tissue better than moist heat. b. heat is recommended for the acute phase inflammation or acute pain. c. heat should be used for 20 to 30 minutes every 1 to 2 h, as needed, while the patient is awake. d. hot water bottles directly against the skin provide the best penetration of heat.

c. heat should be used for 20 to 30 minutes every 1 to 2 h, as needed, while the patient is awake.

The nurse is reinforcing discharge instructions for a client who underwent left total knee replacement (TKR) with insertion of a metal prosthesis. Which statement by the client indicates the need for further teaching? a. "I need to tell my other doctors about the metal implant." b. "I need to report bleeding gums or tarry stools." c. "I need to report fever, redness, or increased pain." d. "I don't need to be worried if the shape of my knee changes."

d. "I don't need to be worried if the shape of my knee changes."

The canal system that runs through the bone and contains the blood and lymph vessels is called the ____________.

haversian system

The nurse is caring for a client with osteoarthritis. The nurse collects data, knowing that which is a sign/symptom associated with this disorder? a. Morning stiffness b. Positive rheumatoid factor c. An elevated sedimentation rate d. Dull aching pain in the affected joints

d. Dull aching pain in the affected joints

The nurse is caring for an older adult patient. Which age-related factor increases this patient's risk for falls? a. Pain medication b. Room clutter c. Multiple lines and tubes d. Increased postural sway

d. Increased postural sway Approximately 30% to 40% of inpatient safety incidents are related to falls, and older adults are particularly vulnerable because of changes related to aging such as decreased strength, unsteady balance, loss of endurance, slow reflexes, gait disturbances, and increased postural sway, and chronic diseases such as arthritis. Lines and tubes, room clutter, and pain medications are risk factors for falls regardless of age.

What is the purpose of the hip abductor wedge after total hip replacement (THR) surgery? a. Prevention of a deep vein thrombosis (DVT) b. Prevention of hip contracture c. Prevention of internal rotation d. Prevention of dislocation of the hip joint

d. Prevention of dislocation of the hip joint

Isometric exercises may be contraindicated in which type of patients? a. Patients with hypertension, increased intracranial pressure, or congestive heart failure b. Patients with peripheral edema c. Patients with musculoskeletal disorders involving the joints d. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis

a. Patients with hypertension, increased intracranial pressure, or congestive heart failure

A client is complaining of skin irritation from the edges of a cast applied the previous day. The nurse would plan for which intervention? a. Petaling the cast edges with adhesive tape b. Using a rough file to smooth the cast edges c. Applying lotion to the skin at the rim of the cast d. Massaging the skin at the rim of the cast

a. Petaling the cast edges with adhesive tape

When the patient returns to the unit from having had an arthrogram, which intervention should the nurse perform first? a. Apply ice packs to the knee. b. Perform passive range-of-motion (ROM) exercises. c. Ambulate the patient in the room. d. Wrap the knee in an elastic bandage.

a. Apply ice packs to the knee. Ice packs applied to the knee will reduce swelling. The patient will ambulate at some point but not before the application of ice. There is not going to be a significant loss of mobility for the patient, so ROM exercises will not likely be included in the plan of care. There is no indication that an elastic bandage is needed.

The physician has ordered a gallium/thallium scan. The nurse correctly recognizes this diagnostic test can best be used to detect what type of disorders? a. Bone problems, especially tumor invasion b. Muscle disorders c. Joint problems d. Abnormal nerve transmission

a. Bone problems, especially tumor invasion

The nurse is teaching a client about foods in the diet that could minimize the risk of osteoporosis. The nurse would encourage the client to increase intake of which food? a. Cheese b. Fish c. Turkey d. Sweet potatoes

a. Cheese

The nurse has provided instructions to a client with a herniated lumbar disk about proper body mechanics and other items pertinent to low back care. The nurse determines that the client needs further teaching if the client verbalizes which action? a. Get out of bed by sitting straight up and swinging the legs over the side of the bed. b. Increase fiber and fluids in the diet. c. Strengthen the back muscles by swimming or walking. d. Bend at the knees to pick up objects.

a. Get out of bed by sitting straight up and swinging the legs over the side of the bed.

A patient at risk for the development of osteoporosis has reported plans to increase calcium intake. Which meal choice is most appropriate for this patient? a. Grilled salmon, green beans, and milk b. Hamburger patty on a wheat bun, baked chips, and milk c. Bacon, lettuce, and tomato sandwich on whole-grain bread, orange slices, and milk d. Grilled chicken breast, tossed salad, and fruit punch

a. Grilled salmon, green beans, and milk In addition to dairy products, sources of calcium include canned sardines or salmon, tofu, figs, and green vegetables.

The nurse is instructing the patient on quadriceps and gluteal muscle exercises. Which instructions should the nurse include? a. In a supine position, straighten the leg and tense leg muscles while raising heel. b. Straighten the legs while raising the head. c. Flex both legs and perform an abdominal crunch up toward the knees. d. Flex the leg and hold it with the hands while pulling the leg back toward the hip.

a. In a supine position, straighten the leg and tense leg muscles while raising heel. The quad setting exercise is to straighten the leg and tense the leg muscles while raising the heel.

The nurse is caring for a recently admitted client with painful muscle spasms due to a traumatic injury. Besides drug therapy, what are some of the physical measures the nurse expects will be prescribed for this client? (Select all that apply.) a. Physical therapy b. Muscle relaxants c. Whirlpool baths d. Limiting fluids e. Application of hot compresses f .Immobilization of the affected muscle

a. Physical therapy c. Whirlpool baths e. Application of hot compresses ** f. Immobilization of the affected muscle

Which component(s) is/are functions of the musculoskeletal system? (select all that apply.) a. Protection of organs b. Motion c. Fighting of infections d. Support e. Body shape

a. Protection of organs b. Motion d. Support e. Body shape Musculoskeletal system functions include motion, support, organ protection, and retention of body shape. The musculoskeletal system does not fight infections.

Positioning and range-of-motion (ROM) exercises most help the immobilized patient to prevent which complication? a. Increased pain b. Contractures c. Pressure ulcers d. Compromised circulation

b. Contractures Although positioning may help decrease pain and increase circulation, anatomical alignment and ROM exercises are most helpful in preventing contractures in the immobilized patient. Pressure ulcers are prevented by frequent position changes.

When preparing a patient for electromyography (EMG), which instructions should the nurse include? a. Refrain from caffeine drinks for 3 hours before the test. b. Prepare for a lengthy testing time (usually about 2 hours). c. Cease smoking for 12 hours before the test. d. Take muscle relaxants before the test.

a. Refrain from caffeine drinks for 3 hours before the test. Electromyography (EMG) is used to detect abnormal nerve transmission to the muscle and abnormal muscle function, and to assess the rehabilitation progress. Before the test, smoking and use of caffeine should be ceased for 3 hours. The test usually takes 1 hour.

The nurse is one of several people who witness a vehicle hit a pedestrian at a fairly low speed on a small street. The individual is dazed and tries to get up, and the leg appears fractured. The nurse would plan to perform which action? a. Stay with the person and encourage the person to remain still. b. Try to manually reduce the fracture c. Assist the person with getting up and walking to the sidewalk. d. Leave the person for a few moments to call an ambulance.

a. Stay with the person and encourage the person to remain still.

Which age-related change(s) occur(s) in the musculoskeletal system? (select all that apply.) a. Tendon sclerosis b. Decreased healing times c. Increased bone density d. Increased brittleness and fragility of bones e. Decreased muscle mass

a. Tendon sclerosis b. Decreased healing times d. Increased brittleness and fragility of bones e. Decreased muscle mass Age-related musculoskeletal changes include increased fragility, decreased healing times and muscle mass, and tendon sclerosis. Bone density usually decreases with aging.

The nurse is assessing the patient's cane for appropriate length. Which observation affirms that an appropriate cane has been selected? a. The handgrip is at hip level. b. The rubber tip has been removed when measuring cane length. c. The cane tip is placed touching outside the good foot. d. The elbow flexes at 45 degrees when weight is placed on the cane.

a. The handgrip is at hip level. The handgrip should be at hip level to allow for proper flexion of the arm to bear weight. The cane tip should be placed 6 inches from the good foot. The elbow angle should be 30 degrees.

When the nurse plans for the progressive mobilization of a hemiplegic, the nurse will consider the patient's ability to perform which function(s)? (select all that apply.) a. Walk b. Perform all activities of daily living (ADLs) independently c. Move limbs d. Change position in bed independently e. Transfer self from bed to chair

a. Walk c. Move limbs d. Change position in bed independently e. Transfer self from bed to chair Progressive mobilization is assessing the patient's ability to move their limbs, turn themselves in bed, transfer themselves from bed to chair and back again, and stand and walk. These measurable signs of independent movement represent various stages to which the patient can gradually progress. According to the Joint Commission's National Patient Safety Goals, it is a nursing responsibility to recognize that these patients are at risk for falls while they are learning to regain mobility. Progressive mobilization does not require that the patient perform all ADLs independently.

Nursing care during the postoperative phase of surgical decompression for carpal tunnel syndrome includes: a. assessment of color, temperature, movement, and sensation of the fingers on the affected hand. b. proper cast care of the affected extremity. c. assessment of external fixation devices. d. proper application of sidearm traction.

a. assessment of color, temperature, movement, and sensation of the fingers on the affected hand.

A contracture is defined as adaptive: a. shortening of a muscle. b. shortening of a bone. c. lengthening of a muscle. d. lengthening of a bone.

a. shortening of a muscle.

The patient's plan of care includes using the continuous passive motion (CPM) machine. Which statement indicates the patient needs for further teaching? a. "I marched in the Marines for 20 years, and now I'm marching flat on my back!" b. "I can make my new knee stronger if I reset this thing to go faster and flex my knee more." c. "My new knee will be glad to rest at night." d. "I almost wish this CPM ran at night. The motor noise is soothing."

b. "I can make my new knee stronger if I reset this thing to go faster and flex my knee more." The continuous passive motion (CPM) machine is used to provide movement to a joint in recovery. The apparatus is driven by a motor and requires no effort on the part of the patient or nurse to move the limb. It is usually left on all day and is discontinued at night while the patient sleeps. CPM is preset as to speed and the degree of flexion that is determined by the physician and should not be adjusted by the patient.

A client is admitted to the nursing unit after a left below-knee amputation following a crush injury to the foot and lower leg. The client tells the nurse, "I think I'm going crazy. I can feel my left foot itching." How does the nurse interpret this? a. "It is an abnormal response and indicates that the client is in denial about the limb loss." b. "It is a normal response and indicates the presence of phantom limb sensation." c. "It is an abnormal response and indicates that the client need smore psychological support." d. "It is a normal response and indicates the presence of phantom limb pain."

b. "It is a normal response and indicates the presence of phantom limb sensation."

The physician has prescribed isometric exercises for a patient. For which patient should the nurse question this order? a. A patient with resolving epistaxis b. A patient experiencing an acute exacerbation of congestive heart failure c. A patient with a urinary tract infection (UTI) d. A patient with uncontrolled diabetes

b. A patient experiencing an acute exacerbation of congestive heart failure Isometric exercises are based on the energy of opposing muscles working against each other. Isometric exercise may be contraindicated in patients with hypertension, increased intracranial pressure, or congestive heart failure, as there is a significant increase in blood pressure and heart rate during isometric exercise

The nurse is caring for a client who has had an open reduction with internal fixation (ORIF) with a posterior approach. The client has been prescribed hip precautions. The nurse plans to implement which activities in the care of the client? (Select all that apply) a. Ensure the client doesn't bend the hips beyond 120 degrees b. Ensure the client doesn't cross the legs past the midline of the body c. Ensure the client doesn't sit or stand for long periods of time d. Ensure the client uses assistive/adaptive devices with activities of daily living e. Ensure the client engages in rigorous exercise to maintain strength

b. Ensure the client doesn't cross the legs past the midline of the body c. Ensure the client doesn't sit or stand for long periods of time d. Ensure the client uses assistive/adaptive devices with activities of daily living

The nurse is discussing actions that can be taken to best prevent osteoporosis with a patient. Which information should the nurse include? a. Take an extra calcium supplement. b. Exercise throughout life. c. Increase daily intake of milk products. d. Eat a balanced diet.

b. Exercise throughout life A lifetime of even mild daily exercise will delay or prevent osteoporosis.

A sprain that exhibits pain with weight-bearing, swelling and bleeding into the joint, and some loss of function is classified as a grade: a. I. b. II. c. III. d. IV.

b. II.

The nurse is preparing to care for a patient who scheduled for an arthroscopic procedure. What interventions will most likely be included in the care delivered? a. Heat application after the procedure b. Ice packs to the joint after the procedure c. Removal of all metal products before the procedure d. Administration of radioisotopes during the procedure

b. Ice packs to the joint after the procedure

If muscles are not regularly stretched and contracted, how will the muscles be effected? a. Muscles will become fibrosed and spastic. b. Muscles will become shorter and less elastic. c. Muscles will become shorter and painful. d. Muscles will become longer and flexed.

b. Muscles will become shorter and less elastic. The formation of contractures (shortening of skeletal muscle tissue causing deformity), loss of muscle tone, and fixation of joints can be prevented in most cases by consistent nursing intervention. The major components of the intervention are gradual mobilization, an exercise program, proper positioning, and instruction of the patient and family. Within a matter of a few days, the structures of immobilized muscles and joints begin to undergo changes. If no effort is made to prevent these changes, the patient will become permanently disabled.

Which bodily component constantly renews bone? a. Free circulating calcium ions b. Osteoblasts c. Combination of phosphorus and vitamin D d. Stem cells

b. Osteoblasts Osteoblasts build bone as the old bone is reabsorbed into the body.

A client with a hip fracture asks the nurse why Buck's extension traction is being applied before surgery. The nurse's response is based on the understanding that Buck's extension traction has which primary function? a. Lengthens the fractured leg to prevent severing of blood vessels b. Provides comfort by reducing muscle spasms and fracture immobilization c. Allows bony healing to begin before surgery d. Provides rigid immobilization of the fracture site

b. Provides comfort by reducing muscle spasms and fracture immobilization

The nurse uses a visual aid to show the pathologic muscle tone changes that result in footdrop. Which changes should the nurse include? a. The stretching of calf muscles b. The stretching of flexor muscles c. The toes curl downward d. The thigh muscles contract

b. The stretching of flexor muscles The most frequent contractures occurring in patients immobilized for long periods are "footdrop," knee and hip flexion contractures, "wrist drop," and contractures of the fingers and arms. Calf muscles contract and flexor muscles are stretched, allowing the unbraced foot to drop toward the surface of the bed.

How often should the nurse perform range-of-motion (ROM) exercises on a bedridden patient? a. Once or twice per day b. Three or four times per day c. Once every hour d. At least four times per week

b. Thee or four times per day

The nurse is reinforcing instructions to the client with a below-the-knee amputation (BKA) with regard to measures to protect the residual limb. The nurse would be sure to include which point in discussions with the client? a. Put a clean nylon sock on the residual limb daily b. Use a mirror to inspect all areas of the residual limb c. Toughen the skin of the residual limb by rubbing it with alcohol d. Apply lotion daily to prevent cracking of the skin of the residual limb

b. Use a mirror to inspect all areas of the residual limb

A client returns to the nursing unit after an above-knee amputation of the right leg. In which position would the nurse place the client? a. With the residual limb flat on the bed b. With the foot of the bed elevated c. Reverse Trendelenburg's position d. Prone with the head on a pillow

b. With the foot of the bed elevated

Fat embolism has an 80% mortality rate as a complication of fractures. The nurse should be alert to the signs and symptoms of fat embolism, which include: a. increased pulse and decreased respirations. b. respiratory distress and petechiae over the chest and neck. c. sharp pain, redness, and swelling in the calf. d. increased pulse and respirations and decreased blood pressure.

b. respiratory distress and petechiae over the chest and neck.

The clinic nurse is teaching a client who has just been diagnosed with osteoporosis about nutritional therapy. Which comment by the client indicates a need for further teaching? a. "I will avoid excessive amounts of alcohol." b. "I must make sure I include fruits and vegetables in my daily diet." c. "I'm glad I can still drink as much coffee as I want." d. "I need to make sure I have adequate amounts of calcium and vitamin D."

c. "I'm glad I can still drink as much coffee as I want."

When measuring for crutches, the nurse should be sure that axillary crutches are approximately how many inches shorter than patient's height? a. 5 inches b. 8-10 inches c. 16 inches d. 20-24 inches

c. 16 inches

The nurse is caring for a client who has had skeletal traction applied to the left leg. The client is complaining of severe left leg pain. Which action would the nurse take first? a. Medicate the client with an analgesic b. Call the primary health care provider (PHCP) c. Check the client's alignment in bed d. Provide pin care

c. Check the client's alignment in bed

The nurse witnesses a client sustain a fall and suspects that the client's leg may be fractured. Which action is the priority? a. Call the radiology department b. Take a set a vital signs c. Immobilize the leg before moving the client d. Reassure the client that everything will be fine

c. Immobilize the leg before moving the client

What is the primary function of ligaments? a. Articulation between two or more bones b. Connective tissue that provides joint movement c. Joining of bones of a joint together d. Cushioning of a joint

c. Joining of bones of a joint together

What is a change associated with normal aging of the musculoskeletal system? a. Thickening of the intervertebral cartilage b. Increase in muscle mass c. Loss of bone mass d. Lengthening of tendons

c. Loss of bone mass

A client with a left arm fracture exhibits loss of sensation in the left fingers, pallor, slow refill, and diminished left radial pulse. The licensed practical nurse (LPN) would take which action? a. Administer an analgesic b. Check the circulation again in 30 minutes c. Notify the registered nurse d. Provide range-of-motion exercises to the fingers of the left hand

c. Notify the registered nurse

What does goniometry measure? a. Muscle density b. Muscle strength c. Range-of-motion (ROM) d. Bone strength

c. Range-of-motion (ROM) Goniometry measures joint mobility, described as the number of degrees that the joint can move from the 0-degree mark.

A client with type 1 diabetes mellitus has had a left above-the-knee amputation. The nurse carefully inspects the residual limb for which complication because of the history of diabetes? a. Pain b. Hemorrhage c. Separation of wound edges d. Edema of the stump

c. Separation of wound edges

The nurse is assessing the patient's crutches. Which observation confirms that the crutches are sized correctly? a. The crutches are approximately 12 inches shorter than the patient's shoulders. b. The crutches are tall enough to allow the patient's arms to be fully extended when walking. c. The crutches are approximately 16 inches shorter than the patient's height. d. The crutches are the same height as the patient's shoulders.

c. The crutches are approximately 16 inches shorter than the patient's height. Crutches should be about 16 inches (40 cm) shorter than the patient's height. When in the standing position with axillary crutches, the axillary bar should be two finger breadths below the axilla. The elbow should be flexed at a 30-degree angle when the palms of the hands rest on the handgrip. It is important that the patient not rest the body at the axilla on the top of the crutch; body weight should be borne by the arms on the hand rests of the crutches. If crutches are too long, pressure on the axilla will occur and can cause nerve and circulatory impairment.

Arrange the instructions for a person on crutches to sit down. a. Transfer both crutches to the side of injury. b. Sit back in chair. c. Turn slowly and touch backs of legs to seat of chair. d. With weight on good leg, reach back, and grasp chair arm. e. Using crutch and chair arm for support, slowly sit on chair.

c. Turn slowly and touch backs of legs to seat of chair. a. Transfer both crutches to the side of injury. d. With weight on good leg, reach back, and grasp chair arm. e. Using crutch and chair arm for support, slowly sit on chair. b. Sit back in chair.

The nurse is caring for a patient who has had an arthrocentesis. The nurse has completed discharge instructions. Which statement indicates the patient needs further instruction? a. "My elastic bandage will be worn for 2 to 3 days." b. "Some pain is anticipated." c. "The steroids prescribed by my physician will reduce the inflammation in my knee." d. "I should avoid moving my knee for at least 2 weeks."

d. "I should avoid moving my knee for at least 2 weeks." The patient with the arthrocentesis will be instructed to avoid overuse of the joint; however, it may be moved in moderation. Steroids will be prescribed to limit inflammation. Pain is anticipated and analgesics will likely be prescribed. Elastic bandages are frequently worn for 2 to 3 days.

The nurse is caring for a patient who has had a culture of synovial fluid taken. The patient asks the nurse when the results will likely be known. What response by the nurse is most appropriate? a. "You should talk with your physician about that." b. "Culture results are normally available within about 12 to 24 h." c. "Positive results will be known almost immediately." d. "It normally takes a few days for culture results to be known."

d. "It normally takes a few days for culture results to be known."

The nurse encourages the patient to use the four-point crutch gait technique. Which statement indicates that the patient accurately understands the nurse's teaching? a. "This way of walking allows the most rapid pace." b. "This way of walking mimics normal walking pattern." c. "This way of walking takes weight off of one leg." d. "This way of walking is the most stable gait."

d. "This way of walking is the most stable gait." The four-point crutch gait is the most stable, requires that there may be partial weight bearing on both legs, and does not mimic normal walking pattern.

A client is experiencing an acute exacerbation of bursitis. The nurse encourages the client to avoid which least likely helpful measure until the current episode is resolved? a. Applying moist heat b. Resting the joint c. Elevation of the joint d. Active intermittent range of motion

d. Active intermittent range of motion

The nurse is caring for a patient who has experienced a fat embolism. Which intervention has the greatest priority for the patient? a. Place the patient in semi Fowler position b. Decrease intravenous fluid infusion rate c. Encourage coughing and deep-breathing d. Administer oxygen

d. Administer oxygen

The nurse is changing the position of a person with flaccid paralysis. Which action is most important? a. Only move the patient from side to side, not supine. b. Refrain from footboard usage. c. Refrain from using pillows to keep the patient in place. d. Change the patient's joint position frequently.

d. Change the patient's joint position frequently. Frequent changes in joint position reduce the incidence of ankylosis.

What is the best source of calcium to aid in bone growth and density? a. Meat b. Calcium supplements c. Green vegetables d. Dairy products

d. Dairy products