UNIV 1301 CHPT.3&4

Based on the findings from the Dickinson & O'Connell (1990) study, high-performing students spent approximately ___ more minutes per week using organizing strategies.

30

The memory process of retrieval refers to:

Finding information or memories that were previously stored

Encoding, one of the parts of memory processes, refers to:

How you get memories into your memory systems

Which of the following is NOT a typical benefit of study groups?

Increased time studying

Which of the following statements is true about student highlighting?

Ineffective highlighting is worse than not highlighting at all.

Which of the following note-taking methods is the least effective?

Linear

Your friend is taking notes by just writing notes without much organization. Which method is he most likely using?

Linear

Based on the findings of Dickinson and O'Connell (1990) on organizing, what advice would you give your friend if she wanted to maximize her study time?

Link concepts to one another and put the information into your own words.

Which part of the memory system has an unlimited storage capacity?

Long-term memory

This week, you must learn 15 new terms in your sociology class. To use the technique of chunking, you would need to:

Look for themes or ways to put the terms into different categories

Which famous psychologist researched the capacity of short-term or working memory?

Miler

Which of the following statements about long-term memory is true?

Most of our general knowledge is stored in long-term memory.

Creating links between concepts via a hierarchical structure is an example of:

Organizing

Which of the following statements best describes the memory process?

Our long-term knowledge helps us take in new memories.

The fact that we can remember pictures more quickly and efficiently than words is referred to as the:

Picture superiority effect

If your professor provides you with a copy of the PowerPoint slides, you should

Print out the slides and write down more specific information, especially examples.

Examples are an excellent example of:

Rehearsal

What recommendation would you make to a friend who is coming up with a study plan?

Study a little each day

Which of the following summarizes the SQ3R technique?

Survey, question, read, recite, review

A friend of yours is previewing the chapter before she reads it. Which part of the SQ3R process is she doing?

Surveying

What document should you look at prior to each class?

Syllabus

Which of the following is good advice?

Take notes during all learning activities including videos and discussions

What does your author suggest when it comes to taking notes while reading your text?

Take notes during the second R in SQ3R and close your book before doing so.

One of the most powerful ways to learn is:

Teaching the content to someone else

In textbooks, _____ are an example of chunking

chapters

A ________________approach to learning works best.

kinesthetic

What reading step is associated with retrieval practice?

recite

Your author suggests that you ______ when engaged in the reciting phase of the 3R reading method:

write

If you want to share your notes, what method would work best?

Evernote

Chunking is an important and powerful memory strategy. An example of chunking is:

When you try and organize information, especially making outlines or using other hierarchical strategies

The group member who sends out a message about what will transpire during the group would be in the _______ role.

agenda maker

According to the research conducted by McDaniel, Howard, and Einstein (2009), which method worked best?

3R

According to Ebbinghaus, we forget ___% of what we've learned within a few hours.

50%

Your friend asks you to buy 20 items at the store. Given what you know about the capacity of working memory, how many items are you most likely to remember if you are not able to make a list?

7

According to Miller's research, we can hold onto ____ number of items at a time in short-term memory.

7 +/- 2

What goes at the bottom of the page in Cornell notes?

A summary

Your classmate wants to know some effective strategies for taking notes while reading his textbook. Which of the following strategies would you recommend?

Both of these are effective strategies.

When studying the big five personality characteristics, you remember the word OCEAN. Each personality characteristic begins with a letter from this word. The memory strategy you are using is called:

Acronym mnemonic

It is often best to use the matrix note-taking method:

After class

To get the most out of class time:

Both of these are good ways to actively participate in class.

In addition to reading prior to class, what else should you do to be ready to take in information your professor will give you?

Both of these are important

Some strategies that you may use to determine what to write in your notes includes:

Both of these are important clues that will help you determine what is important

Study groups are effective because:

Both of these statements are true.

Why is surveying an important step in active reading?

Both of these statements are true.

You are starting a study group for the first time. Why is it important for students to prepare ahead of time?

Both are important reasons

Why do students who complete quizzes perform better academically?

Both of these are accurate.

Which of the following is a benefit of digital notes?

Both of these are benefits

Which of the following is a good strategy to use when preparing to take notes in class?

Both of these are effective strategies.

When you take notes during class, it is important that you:

Capture the key points and examples

Your friend Sal has circles all over his notebook with many lines connecting the circles. What note-taking method is he using?

Concept map

What does your author recommend in terms of how frequently you should review your notes?

Daily

Your classmate uses bold font, headings, and tables in her notes. Which method is she most likely using?

Digital

Which psychologist studied forgetting?

Ebbinghaus

You are studying for a quiz in psychology. When you come across the term observational learning, you think about the time that you learned from watching your brother get rewarded for a great report card. This is an example of: You are studying for a quiz in psychology. When you come across the term observational learning, you think about the time that you learned from watching your brother get rewarded for a great report card. This is an example of:

Elaboration

Based on the testing effect, what study strategy should you use?

Flashcards

How did the high performers and low performers differ in the Dickinson and O'Connell (1990) study?

High performers spent significantly more time studying and using the organizing strategy.

Which of the following statements about encoding memories is true?

Multi-sensory learning (i.e., using auditory and visual strategies) can improve memory encoding and learning.

According to the research by Recht and Leslie (1988), what best predicted how well a student would understand the passage?

Prior knowledge

To demonstrate your active involvement in the course, which of the following is the best type of question to ask?

Questions that focus on clarifying concepts learned

Your friend Raj knows that you are taking a first-year seminar course so asks you for advice on highlighting. What would you tell him?

Read the passage first without highlighting and then go back and look for the main idea.

According to Dickinson and O'Connell (1990), high and low performing students spent similar amounts of time:

Reading and reviewing

Which of the following memory strategies is least effective?

Rehearsal

In working memory, most people usually have the capacity to:

Remember approximately five to nine items at a time

According to the research conducted by Knight and McKelvie (1986), you should:

Review your notes

Students tend to overestimate the importance of:

Reviewing

Which of the following is NOT recommended?

Simply sit back and listen. Don't take notes so you can take all of the information in without distractions.

What does the research say about using computer-based simulation and games to learn?

Students like them and they have been found to be effective.

The testing effect refers to the fact that:

Testing is a good way to learn content

Which of the following statements about note-taking is supported by research?

The matrix method is the most effective note-taking method.

Which of the following statement best describes the Cornell method of note-taking?

The notes are primarily taken on the right-hand side of the page and then examples or important points are listed on the left-hand side of the page and a summary is on the bottom.

Working and long-term memory is connected to:

The second part of the memory process, storage

Jane can't yet write a 10-page paper but she could if she had support. According to Vygtosky, this is referred to as:

The zone of proximal development

An example of elaboration, a memory technique, is when you:

Try to find connections between information you already know and information you are trying to learn

Your friend Desiree wants to encode information more effectively. What advice would you give her?

Try to use at least two sensory approaches such as auditory and visual when encoding information.

________ appear to be most powerful in the learning process.

Visual images

Which theorist emphasizes the importance of social-cultural aspects to learning?

Vygtosky

According to research:

We are more similar than different from each other in terms of how we learn.

Which of the following statements about forgetting is true?

We forget information we learned quickly, especially if we are not actively using the information.

According to research conducted by Davis and Hult (1997), it is a good idea to:

Write a brief summary of what you learned after class

Your friend is starting college and wants to take good notes. Which of the following would you NOT recommend?

Write down everything your professor says

Do students who are less participatory still benefit from group work?

Yes, even listeners benefit.

Your friend asks you to join a study group. You say:

Yes, research has shown that study groups are beneficial.

The group member who makes sure the conversation remains productive is in the_____ role.

facilitator

During the reciting phase of the 3R technique, you are using:

practice retrieval

The second R in the 3R method refers to:

reciting