University of Iowa Global Sports and National Cultures Exam 1

Charles Miller

(1874-1953) a Brazilian sportsman, who is considered to be the father of football in Brazil.

Zinedine Zidane

(1972-) (France) Known the world over as "Zizou," the 1998 World and European Footballer of the Year as an all-around player is France's midfield. critical player in the World Cup '98 (he scored a pair of header goals in the final against Brazil) and Euro 2000 (a game-winning overtime penalty kick in the semi-finals against Portugal), both triumphs for the French national side. Like fellow French legend Platini, Zizou plays for Italian side Juventus, where he has helped the Turin side win two Serie A titles.

Thomas Arnold

13 June 1795 - 12 June 1842) was a British educator and historian. Arnold was an early supporter of the Broad Church Anglican movement. He was headmaster of Rugby School from 1828 to 1841, where he introduced a number of reforms.

Rugby League

13-a-side (heel back after a tackle)

Rugby Union

15-a-side (line-outs, loose scrums, mauls)

The "Brazilian Miracle"

1968-1973 Brazil modernization, fastest growing economy in the world, increase export and mining

Mary Lou Retton

1st American woman to win the all round metal in gymnastics. 1st female celebrity to appear on a box on Wheaties.

Emil Zatopek

1st and only athlete to win 3 distance races in 1952 summer olympics. Czechoslovakian, and won in 5k and 10k marathons

Jimmy Carter

39th U.S. President. 1977-1981. Democratic

Pentahlon

A competition of five track and feild events ; sprint, hurdles, long jump, disscuss, and javelin

Jesse Owens

African American who won 4 gold medals at Olympic games in Germany under Hitler (a blow to Nazi notions of a master race).

Andrés Escobar

Andres Escobar scored an own goal against the U.S. in Colombia's second game of the '94 World Cup. The United States had tied its first match of the 1994 World Cup, battling Switzerland to a 1-1 draw. ... Escobar had been a defender essentially his entire career.

1978 World Cup in Argentina

Argentina was ungovernable, and this is when war started. The military went to go find those terrorists but ended up not finding any of them. In 1978, there were no fires going off, and the military had effectively disarmed terrorists by killing them. Argentina was the host country for this year's world cup, in such a time of uncertainty it wasn't going to be easy. But at the end the Argentina team did end up winning the world cup.

Albicelestes

Argentina's soccer team

Diego Armando Maradona

Argentine football (soccer) player who is generally regarded as the top footballer of the 1980s and one of the greatest of all time.

John Ian Wing

Australian-born British resident of Chinese descent who, as a student in Australia in 1956, wrote an anonymous letter to the International Olympic Committee suggesting the athletes from all countries mingle during the closing parade of the Summer Olympics held in Melbourne

Garincha

Brazilian football (soccer) player considered by many to be the best right winger in the history of the sport. An imaginative and skillful dribbler, he starred along with Pelé and Didí on the Brazilian national teams that won two World Cup Championships (1958, 1962)

Pele

Brazilian football (soccer) player: is regarded as perhaps the greatest player in the history the game. In his time he was probably the most famous and possibly the best-paid athlete in the world. He was part of the Brazilian national teams that won three World Cup championships (1958, 1962, and 1970).

Turner

Broadcasting channel

Brasilia

Capital of Brazil

General Augsto Pinochet

Chilean Army General, politician and military dictator who ruled Chile from 1973 to 1990, first as the leader of the Military Junta

Vera Caslavska

Czechoslovak artistic gymnast and Czech sports official. She won a total of 22 international titles between 1959 and 1968 including seven Olympic gold medals, four world titles and eleven European championships.

William Penny Brookes

Father of British Physical Education

The deraprecidos: "disappeared people"

Filipino term of enforced disappearances of the Philippines are known as desaparecidos meaning victims of enforced disappearances. During the Marcos regime, there were many people who went missing but was allegedly reported to be tortured, abducted and killed by policemen: "The Dirty War"

Nicolas Sarkozy

French president who continued Chirac's government and also had issues with immigration

Futebol arte

Futebol-arte is the soul of the football game - or at least of the version developed in South America. The roots of the idea of futebol-arte can be found in Gilberto Freyre's concept of Brazilian "racial democracy". Freyre (1900-1987) was one of the leading sociologists in Brazil in the 20th century

General Jorge Videla

General Commander of the Army, member of military junta and dictator of Argentina for five years.

Estadio Nacional

Home of the National soccer team La Roja. A symbol of the brutality of the Pinochet regime, which is used as a detention center. Used as a voting place in the 1988 "si o no" vote

Jean-Marie Le Pen

In France, was the most outspoken opponent of both immigration and French integration into the European Union.

Kemari

Japanese game requiring participants to kick a ball and keep it in the air

citius, altuis, fortius

Latin for 'Faster, Higher, Stronger'.

Apartheid

Laws (no longer in effect) in South Africa that physically separated different races into different geographic areas.

Marine Le Pen

Leader of France's far-right National Front Party since 2011.

Leonidas da Silva: "The Black Diamond"

Leônidas played for Brazil national team in the 1934 and 1938 World Cups, and was the top scorer of the latter tournament. He was known as the "Black Diamond" and the "Rubber Man" due to his agility.

Jim Thorpe

Native American who, in 1950, was voted the greatest athlete of the 20th century

Leni Riefenstahl olympia

Olympia is a 1938 Nazi German propaganda sports film written, directed and produced, which documented the 1936 Summer Olympics, held in the Olympic Stadium in Berlin, Germany. ... It was the first documentary feature film of an Olympic Games ever made.

"Invictus" by William Ernest Henley

Poem Mandala gave Pienaar: Out of the night that covers me, Black as the pit from pole to pole, I thank whatever gods may be For my unconquerable soul. In the fell clutch of circumstance I have not winced nor cried aloud. Under the bludgeonings of chance My head is bloody, but unbowed. Beyond this place of wrath and tears Looms but the Horror of the shade, And yet the menace of the years Finds and shall find me unafraid. It matters not how strait the gate, How charged with punishments the scroll, I am the master of my fate, I am the captain of my soul.

General Juan Peron

President of Argentina three times, serving from June 1946 to September 1955, when he was overthrown by the Revolución Libertadora, and then from October 1973 until his death in July 1974.

Elis

Region in the Peloponnesus, in which Olympia is located, home of the Olympic Games.

Zappas Olympics

Series of athletic events held in Athens, Greece in 1850, 1870, and 1875 sponsored by the Zappas Family(sponsored by Greek businessmen Evangelos Zappas)

Springboks

South African rugby team

François Pienaar

South African rugby union football player who led the South African national team, the Springboks, to victory in the 1995 Rugby World Cup, the first major tournament held in postapartheid South Africa.

Informal Empire

Term commonly used to describe areas that were dominated by Western powers in the nineteenth century but that retained their own governments and a measure of independence, e.g., Latin America and China.

The "Hand of God" goal

The 'hand of god' referred to a goal scored by Maradona during the match between Argentina and England on June 22, 1986 in Mexico. Maradona had jumped to head the ball but ended up hitting it with his hand and went past the goalkeeper Peter Shilton to give Argentina a lead of 1-0 during the match

Maracanazo

The Agony of Maracanã", after the name of the stadium. Uruguay v Brazil was the decisive match of the final group stage at the 1950 FIFA World Cup. The match was played at the Estádio do Maracanã in the then-Brazilian capital of Rio de Janeiro on 16 July 1950

Roland Barthes

The Death of the Author

Emperor Theodosius

The Roman emperor who made Christianity the official religion of Rome

"Anthropological Days"

The first day featured European-style competitions: the shot put, the high jump, the long jump, the mile, and others. It went poorly—the events had been pulled together very quickly, and there was no time to teach the participants.

Olympism

The philosophy behind the Olympic Games, which seeks "to create a way of life based on the joy found in effort, the educational value of good example and respect for universal fundamental ethical principles."

Antifutbol

The phrase has been in use in English since at least 2001, where Gary Armstrong and Richard Giulianotti used the phrase in their book Fear and Loathing in World Football to describe the tactics of Argentine club Estudiantes de La Plata in the 1968 Copa Intercontinental, citing usage of the phrase in a 1968 editorial in the Argentine sports magazine El Gráfico.[1]

Gilberto Freyre

This Brazilian sociologist described Brazil as a racial democracy, a society without racism due to racial mixture.

"Register of Sports Contacts with South Africa"

This was a list of sportspeople and officials who had participated in events within South Africa. It was compiled mainly from reports in South African newspapers.

Tommie Smith and John Carlos

U.S. track athletes who held their gloved fists in the air during the National Anthem to demonstrate black power

Eva Peron

Wife of Juan Peron and champion of the poor in Argentina. She was a gifted speaker and popular political leader who campaigned to improve the life of the urban poor by founding schools and hospitals and providing other social benefits.

Samba

a Brazilian dance of African origin.

Jules Rimet

a French football administrator who was the 3rd President of FIFA, serving from 1921 to 195

Kylian Mbappe

a French professional footballer who plays as a forward for Ligue 1 club Paris Saint-Germain and the France national team. Widely considered as one of the best players in the world, he is known for his dribbling, explosive speed, and clinical finishing.

Josef Goebbels

a German politician and Minister for Public Enlightenment and Propaganda during the Nazi regime "the whole function of education is to create Nazis"

Black September

a Palestinian international terrorist organization that split from the PLO in 1974

Capoeira

a martial art and dance that developed in Brazil from Angolans who were taken there by the Portuguese from Africa

Afrikaner

a white native of Cape Province who is a descendant of Dutch settlers and who speaks Afrikaans

Cuju

an ancient ball game which is played in China. It is a ball sport which involves kicking a ball through an opening into the net. Using your hands are not allowed in this game.

Pankration

an olympic event that combined wrestling and boxing

1994 World Cup

as record crowds watched the tournament unfold, including Brazil's penalty shootout win over Italy in the final to become the first four-time winner.

Coup de Boule/Headbutt

at the time suggested the Italian provoked Zidane by making a comment about his mother but Materazzi denied that, saying his own mother passed away when he was young. But he has revealed he did take a shot at a family member of Zidane.

Windsor Castle

castle in England that has been the principal royal residence for over nine centuries

Santos Club

commonly known simply as Santos or Santos FC, is a Brazilian sports club based in Vila Belmiro, a bairro in the city of Santos. It plays in the Paulistão, the State of São Paulo's premier state league, as well as the Brasileirão, the top tier of the Brazilian football league system.

Futebol mulatto

concept of futebol mulato was first highlighted in an article he wrote for a newspaper called Diários Associados in 1938. This article, 'Foot-ball1 mulato' is the foundation and one of the most important statements of Freyre's theories about Brazilian football and its mulatto characteristics.

Falklands War

conflict between Britain and Argentina; a military junta claimed ownswership of the British colony sparking an international crisis. The British won the war and the military junta lost authority in Argentina

Futebol de resultados

dominant and successful was this "futebol de resultos" that even the Brazilians moved away from flair and invention and adopted a more physical approach, with set roles meaning more positional discipline and less freedom for players to express themselves.

Freemason's Tavern

established in 1775 at 61-65 Great Queen Street in the West End of London. It served as a meeting place for a variety of notable organisations from the eighteenth century until it was demolished in 1909 to make way for the Connaught Rooms.

Agon

fascinated; agon = contest; agony comes from that; agony meant that the contest contained pain, strife, and suffering

1970 World Cup

first World Cup to be globally broadcast, the first to be played outside of Europe and South America, the first to feature staples such as penalty cards and substitutions, and the first to realize significant commercial potential.

Pierre de Coubertin

founder of the modern Olympic games

Ronaldhino

is a Brazilian former professional footballer and current ambassador for Barcelona. He played mostly as an attacking midfielder, but was also deployed as a winger.

Vasco da Gama club

is a Brazilian professional sports club based in Rio de Janeiro, in the neighborhood of Vasco da Gama, that was founded on August 21, 1898

Lilian Thuram

is a French retired professional football defender and the most capped player in the history of the France national team with 142 appearances between 1994 and 2008.

"Muscular Christianity"

is a philosophical movement that originated in England in the mid-19th century, characterized by a belief in patriotic duty, discipline, self-sacrifice, manliness, and the moral and physical beauty of athleticism

Atletico Nacional

is a professional Colombian football team based in Medellín. They are one of the most successful and popular football teams in Colombia. They play their home games at the Atanasio Girardot Stadium.

Church of Maradona

is a religion, created by fans of the late Argentine football player Diego Maradona, whom they believe to be the best player of all time.

Lionel Messi

is an Argentinian soccer player who plays forward for the FC Barcelona club and the Argentina national team

Rugby School

is an English independent boarding school for pupils aged 13-18 in Rugby, Warwickshire, England.

Calcio

is an early form of football (soccer and rugby) that originated in 16th-century Italy. Once widely played, the sport is thought to have started in the Piazza Santa Croce in Florence.

black-blanc-beur

loosely translated as 'Generation Black, White and Arab' which they think describe the new multi-ethnic and multi-racial France

Garra Charrua

often refers to bravery against overwhelming odds, or indefatigability on the pitch, in soccer terms. On the world football stage, Uruguayans constantly defy all odds to be one of the best footballing nations in the world.

Olympia

religious center, statues of Gods where athletes could worship-beautiful, painted, temple with statues

Folk Football

sport of the peasantry was folk football, a wild no-holds-barred unbounded game that pitted married men against bachelors or one village against another

"Hacking"

the practice of raising falcons in captivity then later releasing into the wild. Hacking (rugby), tripping an opposing player. Pleasure riding, horseback riding for purely recreational purposes, also called hacking. Shin-kicking, an English martial art also called hacking.

2001 France and Algeria Match

used to mark reconciliation between two countries 40 years after the war. The politicians wanted to bring a more positive message to the game. The french players knew that this was a home game, but then they started to hear booing over their national anthem and they knew that something was different during this game. After France started scoring goals, people started to rush the field. They would go for players and get their faces. They thought it was super disrespectful. They never finished the game. Then that turned political and for the 5th time, they elected a right winger in their house.

President Medici

was a Brazilian military leader and politician who was President of Brazil from 1969 to 1974. His authoritarian rule marked the apex of the Brazilian military government.

Cali Cartel

was a drug cartel based in southern Colombia, around the city of Cali and the Valle del Cauca Department. Its founders were the brothers Gilberto Rodríguez Orejuela and Miguel Rodríguez Orejuela, and José Santacruz Londoño.

Medellin Cartel

was a major Colombian drug trafficking organization

1895 schism

was a split within Northern rugby, not simply between exclusively middle class clubs and open clubs but also within the clubs themselves: Castleford, Morley and Dewsbury to name three. Many other clubs which joined the Northern Union lost key administrators and players.

PEPES (Los Perseguidos por Pablo Escobar/People Persecuted by Pablo Escobar)

was a vigilante group composed of enemies of Pablo Escobar. They waged a small-scale war against the Medellín Cartel in the early 1990s, which ended in 1993 following the death of Escobar.

William Webb Ellis

was an English Anglican clergyman and the supposed inventor of rugby football while a pupil at Rugby School. ... The William Webb Ellis Cup is presented to the winners of the Rugby World Cup.

1998 World Cup

was the first to employ the "golden goal" in games that went to extra time, but the rule was first used in a major tournament at Euro '96 in England.

The "Goal of the Century"

which Maradona scored by using his hand. His second, four minutes after his first, saw him dribble past five England players, Beardsley, Reid, Butcher, Fenwick, Butcher (again), and finally goalkeeper Peter Shilton, and became known as the...

Truce of Zeus

• People from all over • As far as Egypt • Virgin women and men • Travelled by boat-Protected travelers