Upper Body Elbow and Forearm

Forearm fractures in children are often treated with open reduction. True False

False

Laxity with valgus and varus stress testing in a fully extended position indicates severe ligamentous instability. True False

False

The anterior band of the anterior bundle of the UCL is primarily stressed in overhead athletes. True False

False

The elbow joint relies more on muscular support than ligamentous support for its stability. True False

False

The forearm is displaced anteriorly or anterolaterally compared to the humerus in 90% of cases. True False

False

Biceps tendon rupture is at least six times more common in those who smoke versus those with no history of smoking. True False

True

Most elbow injuries are the result of low-load repetitive stresses. True False

True

The normal carrying angle for women ranges from _______ of cubitus valgus. a. 13° to 16° b. 18° to 21° c. 7° to 11° d. 0° to 5°

a. 13° to 16°

Which elbow angle represents the correct patient position when performing the varus stress test? a. 25° b. 15° c. 50° d. 0°

a. 25°

A patient with an acutely injured elbow will frequently assume an elbow resting position of ___ of flexion to minimize forces on the joint. a. 70° b. 60° c. 50° d. 80°

a. 70°

When a varus stress is applied to the elbow, the accessory lateral collateral ligament (ALCL) assists what ligament in preventing the radial head from separating from the ulna? a. Annular b. Lateral ulnar collateral c. Ulnar collateral d. Coronoid

a. Annular

What is the angle formed by the long axis of the humerus and ulna known as? a. Carrying angle b. Angle of inclination c. Angle of torsion d. Q angle

a. Carrying angle

What is it medically called when the alignment of the forearm and humerus fully extends beyond 0°? a. Cubital recurvatum b. Cubital valgus c. Cubitus varus d. Cubitus valgus

a. Cubital recurvatum

What are the actions of the muscles originating from the lateral epicondyle? a. Extension and supination b. Flexion and supination c. Flexion and pronation d. Extension and pronation

a. Extension and supination

Which of the following joints does not allow pronation to occur? a. Humeroulnar b. Proximal radioulnar c. Distal radioulnar d. Humeroradial

a. Humeroulnar

Which of the following is not correct in performing the test for lateral epicondylalgia? a. The patient is positioned with the elbow flexed and the forearm supinated. b. The test may also be performed with the elbow extended. c. The examiner palpates the lateral epicondyle. d. The examiner resists wrist extension through full range of motion.

a. The patient is positioned with the elbow flexed and the forearm supinated.

Which muscle does not influence pronation or supination at the elbow? a. Triceps brachii b. Anconeus c. Brachioradialis d. Biceps brachii

a. Triceps brachii

What is the typical carrying angle of the elbow for men? a. 15° to 21° b. 11° to 14° c. 5° to 19° d. 0° to 5°

b. 11° to 14°

Which of the following muscles is innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve? a. Brachioradialis b. Biceps brachii c. Anconeus d. Triceps brachii

b. Biceps brachii

What is the bundle of the UCL that is the primary restraint against a valgus force when the elbow is flexed beyond 60°? a. Anterior b. Posterior c. Medial d. Transverse

b. Posterior

The radioulnar joints are classified as what type of joint? a. Synovial b. Syndesmotic c. Hinge d. Saddle

b. Syndesmotic

Male patients over what age commonly have biceps tendon ruptures? a. 20 b. 50 c. 40 d. 30

c. 40

An isosceles triangle is formed by the medial epicondyle, lateral epicondyle, and olecranon process when the elbow is flexed to what degree? a. 70° b. 60° c. 90° d. 80°

c. 90°

The radial tuberosity is the insertion site for which muscle? a. Pronator teres b. Brachioradialis c. Biceps brachii d. Brachialis

c. Biceps brachii

Which of the following is not a predisposing condition associated with distal biceps tendon rupture? a. Statin use b. Anabolic steroid use c. Diabetes d. Cigarette smoking

c. Diabetes

Which represents sensory distribution for the radial nerve? a. Medial half of the ring finger b. Little finger c. Lateral first metacarpal d. Medial forearm

c. Lateral first metacarpal

Which of the following is the most important history finding regarding elbow trauma? a. Onset and type of pain b. Location of symptoms and type of pain c. Onset and location of symptoms d. Location of symptoms

c. Onset and location of symptom

A valgus stress performed on the elbow is assessing the integrity of which ligament? a. Coracoclavicular b. RCL c. UCL d. Annular

c. UCL

What is the nerve that innervates the flexi carpi ulnaris muscle and the medial portion of the flexor digitorum profundus in the forearm? a. Anterior interosseous b. Radial c. Ulnar d. Median

c. Ulnar

Which elbow ligament is divisible into three unique sections? a. Annular ligament b. Radial collateral ligament (RCL) c. Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) d. Lateral ulnar collateral ligament (LUCL)

c. Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL)

Which of the following is not included when extending the elbow during the pivot shift test? a. Supination b. Valgus stress c. Wrist flexion d. Axial load

c. Wrist flexion

Which joint play assessment is performed with the patient supine while placing the elbow in about 70° of flexion and 10° of supination? a. Proximal radioulnar b. Radiohumeral c. Distal radioulnar d. Humeroulnar

d. Humeroulnar

Which is the most stabilizing structure of the lateral aspect of the elbow? a. Transverse bundle b. Annular ligament c. Radial collateral ligament (RCL) d. Lateral ulnar collateral ligament (LUCL)

d. Lateral ulnar collateral ligament (LUCL)

Which of the following nerves is compressed as a result of pronator teres syndrome? a. Anterior interosseous b. Ulnar c. Radial d. Median

d. Median

Which of the following is a muscle of the wrist flexor group? a. Extensor carpi radialis longus b. Supinator c. Abductor pollicis longus d. Palmaris longus

d. Palmaris longus

What is the indentation of the lateral epicondyle that accepts the radial head during elbow flexion? a. Capitellum b. Trochlea c. Semilunar notch d. Radial fossa

d. Radial fossa

Which muscle supinates the forearm and flexes the shoulder a. Pronator quadratus b. Brachialis c. Coracobrachialis d. Flexor pollicis longus e. Biceps brachii

e. Biceps brachii