Uppers, Downers, All Arounders
Which of the following statements about opioids is true? 1. Alcohol can help counteract the stimulant effects of opioids. 2. There is almost no limit to the level of opioid tolerance a human can develop. 3. Opioid use is self-limiting. 4. Synthetic opiate prescription drugs, such as OxyContin, are not addictive.
2. There is almost no limit to the level of opioid tolerance a human can develop.
Among those who try a cigarette, what percentage will become daily habitual smokers?
25%
Binge-eating disorder is marked by rigid control over one's eating patterns.
False
Carriers of a DRD2A1 allele gene have an excess of dopamine receptors.
False
In the 1800s, England tried to stamp out the use of opium in China with the Opium Wars
False
It is not possible to become an alcoholic if you have no family history of alcoholism.
False
The alcoholic content of most U.S. wines is generally lower than European wines.
False
The amount of pure alcohol (ethanol) consumed per capita is higher in the United States than in European countries, where the drinking age is 18 or younger.
False
The effects of psychedelic drugs are consistent and predictable.
False
The further cocaine gets from its original production source, the more pure it becomes.
False
Which statement is true regarding intravenous drug use?
Intravenous drug use is the most dangerous method because it bypasses the body's natural defenses.
Which of the following is true about the purity of heroin at the retail level?
The DEA estimates heroin purity at from 10% to 70%.
Which of the following statements is true regarding the use of alcohol and other drugs by a woman who is pregnant?
The placenta is not an effective barrier, so if the mother uses, the baby uses.
A compulsive gambler can also be a problem or pathological gambler.
True
A person without a pre-existing mental illness may develop a mental health problem due to long-term or intense episodic substance abuse.
True
A person's reaction to alcohol and level of impairment depends on that person's drinking history, behavioral tolerance, and mood.
True
Alcohol interacts with more types of receptors, neurotransmitters, and genes than do marijuana and cocaine.
True
Embalming fluid (formaldehyde), used to preserve dead bodies for funerals and burial, can also be used to create a PCP-like high.
True
Endogenous craving associated with initial abstinence is a type of drug hunger brought about by the depletion of brain neurotransmitters during drug use.
True
For every $1 spent on an employee assistance program (EAP), the employer saves up to $16.
True
Hallucinations that occur while under the influence of psychedelics (including marijuana) mimic the behaviors of thought disorders like schizophrenia.
True
Psilocybin mushrooms cause less disassociation, panic, and psychotic reactions compared with LSD.
True
Substance-induced disorders are mental health problems caused by alcohol and other drug use.
True
Synapses are able to change strength and function when a pathway is stressed, overused, or underused, such as by the intake of psychoactive substances
True
Synesthesia is defined as the crossing of senses, such as when visual input becomes sound.
True
Tests for the use of drugs can be conducted using a person's urine, blood, hair, saliva, or sweat
True
Tolerance to LSD develops quickly, within days of daily use.
True
High-dose alcohol affects the central nervous system by ______ its function. At higher blood alcohol levels, this leads to ______ heart rate and breathing.
decreasing | decreased
Which of the following would slow the rate of alcohol absorption?
diluting an alcoholic drink with water or ice or alternating every other drink with water or soda
Psychoactive drugs have which of the following effects on the nervous system? #1. alter information sent to the brain from the environment #2. disrupt messages sent from the CNS to parts of the body #3. disrupt thinking #4. alter the way in which neurotransmitters normally function
effects 1, 2, 3, and 4
Easy access to alcohol, a permissive societal view of drinking, unsafe living conditions, poor nutrition, and limited access to healthcare and drug recovery programs are examples of what factors associated with increased alcohol use?
environmental
Which of the following factors have contributed to the spread of HIV/AIDS and hepatitis C? #1. sharing of contaminated needles #2. drug-induced high-risk sexual practices #3. poor hygiene among restaurant workers #4. consistent and regular use of condoms during sex
factors 1 and 2 only
Low serotonin levels (which cause depression) are associated with which of the following? #1. compulsive shoppers among women #2. the development of eating disorders among women #3. risk taking among men #4. violence among men
options 1, 2, 3, and 4
Which of the following are principles of effective treatment? #1. Effective treatment must focus solely on the client's drug use. #2. Treatment needs to be readily available. #3. No single treatment is appropriate for all individuals. #4. An individual's treatment and services plan must be continually assessed and modified when necessary.
principles 2, 3, and 4
Regardless of their degree of strength, all stimulants affect the body in which of the following ways? #1. increase the brain's electrical activity #2. increase the brain's chemical activity #3. increase central nervous systems activity #4. increase peripheral nervous systems activity
results 1, 2, 3, and 4
The factors that determines a susceptibility to develop both a mental illness and/or an addiction consists of which of the following #1. use of psychoactive drugs #2. morals and character #3. environment (stress, trauma, epigenetic processes) #4. heredity
results 1, 3, and 4 only
When does a compulsive shopper experience the highest level of excitement?
right before deciding to purchase an item
Which of the following is a thought or psychotic disorder?
schizophrenia
Which level(s) of prevention is/are most likely to include intervention?
secondary and tertiary prevention
Which form and method of using cocaine produces the most intense immediate high?
smoking crack cocaine
Which of the following statements are true about alterations to the body's normal balance (homeostasis)? #1. Homeostasis is thrown off when the human body is continually challenged by stressful events. #2. The use of psychoactive drugs disrupts homeostasis. #3. The body adapts through allostasis. #4. The body strives to adapt through synaptic plasticity and neurotransmitter alterations.
statements 1, 2, 3, and 4
Which of the following are factual statements about the Opium Wars? #1. Britain wanted to force the sale and the trade of opium to China so that it could acquire silver to buy tea from China. #2. Britain and other European countries fought the Opium Wars to prevent China from trafficking opium to the West. #3. China banned the use and the import of opium in the early 1800s, so the British went to war with China over Britain's "right"of free trade - namely the sale of opium to China. #4. For China, the Opium Wars resulted in addiction, the indignity of defeat, and unequal trade treaties that continue to complicate China's relations with the West even today.
statements 1, 3, and 4 only
Which of the following statements is true regarding the activation of the dopaminergic reward/control system? #1. It prevents the development of addictive behavior. #2. It releases a surge of pleasure that encourages repetition of behaviors intended primarily for survival. #3. It is largely responsible for drives to have sex, eat, and drink (water as well as alcohol). #4. It is activated by dopamine.
statements 2, 3, and 4 only
Which of the following are the most effective HIV disease prevention strategies? #1. drug-abuse treatment on demand #2. education on the risks of high-risk sexual activity and AIDS #3. needle-exchange programs that are tied to treatment #4. red ribbon campaigns
strategies 1, 2, and 3 only
The term chasing in problem gambling means
to try to recoup gambling losses by continuing to gamble
Medical use of cocaine relies on its effects as a(n)
topical anesthetic
Marijuana in the urine of a regular user is detectable for
3 to 6 weeks
For how long does the high from amphetamine generally last?
4 to 6 hours
Limiting the places where tobacco smoking is permitted has not reduced the use of tobacco in the United States or other countries where such policies have been implemented.
False
Marijuana is not addictive and does not induce compulsive use.
False
Mephedrone is a popular club drug, especially in Europe. This drug's effects are most similar to those of marijuana.
False
Modifying treatment and tailoring it to the culture of specific populations decreases the effectiveness of treatment and diminishes outcomes.
False
Needing a dose of a drug just to feel "normal" is a sign of tolerance.
False
Opioids, particularly heroin, affect only a select few of the body's organs, mainly the heart, liver, and kidneys.
False
Opioids, such as hydrocodone (Vicodin), usually suppress nausea and vomiting.
False
Originally called "freebase," "crack cocaine" first appeared at the beginning of this century.
False
Pathological gamblers rarely have other addictions.
False
Per standard dose, the effects of cocaine last longer than the effects of methamphetamine.
False
Physicians easily and readily identify alcoholism and drug abuse in the elderly.
False
Prolonged heavy drinking increases sexual functioning, desire, and the intensity of orgasm.
False
Psychoactive drugs promote homeostatic conditions in the central nervous system.
False
The Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1990 was implemented in response to crack epidemic of the 1990s.
False
Which of the following statements is true regarding post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?
PTSD is prevalent among combat veterans.
Which of the following is the correct sequence for stages of change?
Pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation (determination), action, maintenance
Which of the following statements are true regarding erectile dysfunction drugs such as Viagra (sildenafil citrate), Cialis (tadalafil), and Levitra (vardenafil)?
The drugs enhance nitric oxide levels, which support the functioning of erectile tissue.
Historically, most drug laws were made for political rather than medical considerations.
True
Methcathinone is manufactured by street chemists using ephedrine and pseudoephedrine, the same precursors used to manufacture methamphetamine.
True
Of all the stimulants, the strongest physical and mental dependency develops from nicotine in tobacco.
True
One of the most long-lasting effects of alcohol abuse is an inability to experience normal sexual relationships.
True
One reason why abusing pressurized inhalants is dangerous is because inhaling them directly from their containers can freeze lung tissue.
True
Substituting a "less harmful" drug for a "more harmful" drug is a form of harm reduction.
True
The effects of amphetamines last longer than the effects of cocaine because amphetamines can block enzymes from metabolizing neurotransmitters, which creates a continued overstimulation.
True
Almost half of all teenagers who are very sexually active have had which sexually transmitted disease, often without knowing it?
chlamydia
For treating ADHD, the most the most common alternative therapies to prescription medications for treating ADHD are
dietary changes and nutritional supplements
Which of the following are visual indications that a person may be on MDMA (ecstasy)?
dilated pupils and twitching eyelids
Which of the following designations characterizes all arounders? #1. hallucinogens #2. psychedelics #3. perception stabilizers #4. CNS stabilizers
numbers 1 and 2 only
Listed below are three different sequential variations of drugs in the opiate family. Which one accurately represents the order in which the drugs were discovered and used (from left to right, representing oldest to newest drug forms).
opium, morphine, heroin
Addictive substances affect how neurons can down-regulate their brain receptors.
True
Psychiatric medications, including antidepressants, antipsychotics, and anti-anxiety drugs, are prescribed to
rebalance irregular brain chemistry
Which of the following statements are true regarding retrograde amnesia? #1. It is associated with the use of rohypnol. #2. It is associated with the use of GHB. #3. It is associated with the use of cocaine. #4. It refers to memory loss of events that occurred shortly before taking certain drugs.
statements 1, 2, and 4 only
Candy flipping refers to
using LSD and ecstasy together
When drugs are taken orally, the effects are delayed for approximately how long?
20 to 30 minutes
Which gene signals a susceptibility to both alcoholism and gambling?
DRD2A1 allele gene
Addiction to and withdrawal from benzodiazepines is not generally severe.
False
Alcohol abuse is defined as a compulsion to drink alcohol and an inability to stop drinking once you start.
False
The reasons why people engage in compulsive behaviors are different from the reasons why they use psychoactive drugs.
False
The strength of LSD/acid available on the streets today is stronger than the LSD/acid that was widely available on the streets in the 1960s and 1970s.
False
The type of drug a person uses has little impact on the symptoms of his or her co-occurring mental health disorders.
False
There is no such thing as psychological dependence.
False
Which of the following best describes chronic, high-dose marijuana use?
It can cause true addiction with both physical and emotional dependence.
Which of the following statements is true about cirrhosis?
It is caused by the toxic effects of alcohol, free radicals, and acetaldehyde.
What is the name for the medical strategy to treat addiction targeted at the addiction caused imbalance of brain chemistry that reinforces the need to continue drug use.
Restoration of Homeostasis
Drug use can aggravate, mask, or amplify an underlying risk of mental health problems.
True
LSD is a semisynthetic fungal toxin that infects rye and other cereal grasses
True
Problems handling money in a responsible manner is one of the hallmarks of almost any addict.
True
The ruling classes, governments, industry, and criminal organizations have controlled the trade of psychoactive drugs.
True
The sense of relaxation and well-being that smokers receive from a cigarette is actually the sensation of the withdrawal symptoms being subdued.
True
A key enzyme involved in the metabolism of alcohol is ______ and is located in the ______ and the ______.
alcohol dehydrogenase; stomach; liver
On which part of the body does long-term use of stimulants (e.g., nicotine, cocaine, and methamphetamine) have the most significant impact?
cardiovascular system
"Nociceptive" means pain cause by
external stimuli of pain receptors
Binge drinking causes the most problems and is defined as
five or more drinks for men at one sitting four or more for women at one sitting
Evidence of social concern regarding who can handle alcohol and when it is appropriate to drink alcohol
goes back thousands of years
The three main prevention methods used are
harm reduction, supply reduction, and demand reduction
Which disorder is similar to compulsive shopping?
hoarding
Which of the following best describes how the first cigarette of the day affects a smoker?
increases blood pressure and heart rate
Prolonged use of strong stimulants (e.g., cocaine, methamphetamine) results in which of the following? #1. depletion of the body's energy resources #2. enhancement of the body's energy resources #3. cellular and organ damage #4. paranoia
results 1, 3, and 4 only
Which of the following statements are true regarding Alcoholics Anonymous? #1. It is a spiritually based program. #2. It is based on 12 steps toward recovery. #3. There is no evidence that it works. #4. Research has documented its effectiveness in helping people achieve long-term sobriety.
statements 1, 2, and 4only
A practical way to classify psychoactive substances is the following:
stimulants, depressants, and psychedelics
Brain-imaging research has found that the brain anomalies in people with gambling disorders are almost identical to those found in ______.
substance abuse disorders (SUDs)
The average street cost for an ounce of marijuana in the United States is
$200 to $400
Which of the following physical factors affect the rate at which an individual's liver can metabolize alcohol? #1. heredity #2. race and ethnicity #3. gender #4. intelligence
1, 2, and 3 only
How long after ingestion do the effects of LSD begin to appear?
15 to 60 minutes
Marijuana has been illegal in the United States since
1937
Which of the following statements is true? 1. Prescription drug abuse affects only a select social class. 2. Most heroin abusers began by abusing prescription opioids. 3. OxyContin affects the body in ways that are entirely different from heroin. 4.Making prescription drugs available over the counter would reduce their abuse potential.
2. Most heroin abusers began by abusing prescription opioids.
Which of the following statements most accurately represents the use of plant-based psychoactive substances?
About 4,000 plants yield psychoactive substances, and the vast majority are not illegal.
Which of the following statements is true regarding addiction, including compulsive behaviors such as gambling?
Addiction is a disease analogous to an allergy like diabetes.
The most practical and widely used alcohol and other drug abuse assessment questionnaire for diagnosis and treatment planning is the
American Society of Addiction Medicine Patient Placement Criteria (ASAM-PPC)
Alcohol is categorized as which of the following? #1. a drug #2. a stimulant or upper #3. a depressant or downer #4. a hallucinogen
Both 1 and 3
Easy access to alcohol, a permissive societal view of drinking, unsafe living conditions, poor nutrition, and limited access to healthcare and drug recovery programs are examples of what factors associated with increased alcohol use?
Environmental
Active transport occurs when fat-soluble drugs pass from an area where there is a higher concentration of a drug to an area of lower concentration.
False
Addiction generally affects only the person with the problem and does not affect family members or family dynamics.
False
Dendritic "spines" ("memory bumps") grow in the synapse when the nerve is stimulated by sensory input.
False
Drug use in the gay community is unrelated to prejudice, homophobia, and fear of coming out and of being oneself, so prevention and treatment do not need to address these issues.
False
Heroin and morphine are considered long-acting opioids.
False
In a formal intervention, a "facilitator" is a family members, close friends and/or co-workers chosen to act as the leader of the session.
False
There is a universally accepted treatment, which has been proven effective for everyone who has an addiction.
False
Through the use of brain-imaging technology, researchers have gained insight into risk factors in the brains of people with a family history of alcoholism and found that
Having extra dopamine receptors usually provides a protective factor for people with a family history of alcoholism
Which of the following best describes important considerations in treatment of American Indian substance abusers?
Nearly 60% of treatment admissions of American Indians are for alcohol abuse.
The synergistic effect of drugs refers to
The combination of two or more depressant drugs, which magnifies their effect on the CNS.
Which statement about compulsive behaviors is true?
The reasons for compulsive behaviors are identical to those for compulsive drug use.
Which of the following statements is/are true regarding 12-step programs?
There are more than 50 major topics (e.g., Narcotics Anonymous, Sex Addicts Anonymous, and Overeaters Anonymous) covered by 12-step groups operating around the world.
Which of the following are signs of addiction?
There is continued use despite experiencing physical or psychological problems and consequences.
A "fry" is a marijuana joint dipped in embalming fluid or formaldehyde, dried, and then smoked.
True
A mental illness can be pre-existing or substance induced.
True
Acute tolerance (tachyphylaxis) and adaptation to tobacco begins almost instantly with the first puff of a cigarette.
True
Although alcohol is absorbed at different rates, metabolism occurs at a relatively defined continuous rate
True
Blackouts are caused by an alcohol-induced electrochemical disruption of the brain.
True
Children who grow up in a home with a drug-using or alcohol-abusing family member take on distinctive roles that affect their personalities.
True
College students have a higher rate of problem/pathological gambling than the general population.
True
Compulsive behaviors (e.g., binge eating, anorexia, bulimia, compulsive gambling, sexual compulsion, and Internet addiction) affect many of the same areas of the brain that are influenced by psychoactive drugs.
True
Drugs affect sexuality by disrupting the neurotransmitters.
True
Drugs work by influencing existing neurotransmitters, existing neurological pathways, and receptor sites in the central nervous system, including the addiction pathway.
True
Human brain chemistry can be affected by psychoactive drugs, behavioral addictions, and mental illness, to induce an altered state of consciousness.
True
In recent decades, policy decisions regarding drugs and alcohol have been made based on the political climate rather than on the effects of drugs on the individual and society.
True
In the United States, Black Americans with drug problems have a higher rate of incarceration and are likely to receive treatment through the criminal justice system, whereas Whites are more likely to receive probation and treatment from medical and social service programs.
True
In the United States, it is becoming common practice for drug and alcohol treatment centers to include treatment for nicotine addiction as part of their programs.
True
PCP can be recirculated from the body fat to the brain, causing an actual drug "flashback."
True
When other depressants are used, the danger of overdose is greatly increased because metabolism of alcohol takes precedence over metabolism of other substances.
True
When smoking cessation is part of a drug treatment program, the chances of recovery from alcohol and other drug addiction greatly increase.
True
When the body speeds up the metabolism and the breakdown of a drug, it is known as dispositional tolerance.
True
When used long-term or in large doses, a drug can cause a loss of sexual interest and inability to perform sexually.
True
Which of the following is the correctly ordered progression for levels of alcohol use?
abstention, experimentation, social/recreational, habituation, abuse, addiction
Which of the following alkaloids are found in the sap of the poppy seedpod? #1. enkephalins #2. morphine #3. endorphins #4. codeine
alkaloids 2 and 4 only
Chronic heavy drinking can contribute to which of the following diseases? #1. cancer of the stomach and esophagus #2. malnutrition #3. hypertension (high blood pressure) #4. cardiac arrhythmias (abnormal irregular heart rhythms)
all of the above
The emotional center of the brain that is activated when a person with an addiction sees a person, place, or thing that reminds him of their addiction (e.g., needle, slot machine, white powder) is called the:
amygdala
According to the authors of Uppers, Downers, All Arounders, a psychoactive drug is defined as
any substance that directly alters the normal functioning of the central nervous system
When a person who has been drinking can only partially recall the events that occurred after they began drinking, this is known as a
brownout
Of the following semi-synthetic/synthetic opiate drugs, which is not a correct match with the trade pharmaceutical name listed after it? 1. oxycodone | Percodan, Percocet 2. oxycodone | OxyContin 3. diacetylmorphine | Suboxone 4. hydrocodone | Vicodin
diacetylmorphine | Suboxone
Which of the following represent valid clinical diagnoses that can be associated with cannabis use? #1. cannabis-induced anxiety disorder #2. amotivational syndrome #3. cannabis-induced psychotic disorder #4. cannabis intoxication delirium
diagnoses 1, 3, and 4 only
Which neurotransmitter regulates mood, emotional behavior, motor control, and orgasms
dopamine
Pharmacodynamic tolerance includes which of the following? #1. Nerve cells become less sensitive to the effects of the drug. #2. Nerve cells produce an antidote or antagonist to the drug. #3. Nerve cells become more sensitive to the effects of the drug. #4. Less of the drug is needed because the body increases the number of receptor sites in the brain.
effects 1 and 2 only
Which of the following factors have led to increases in drug experimentation, abuse, and addiction among U.S. military personnel who served in Iraq and Afghanistan? #1. the stress of years of war and combat #2. the availability of prescription opiates like hydrocodone and oxycodone #3. the availability of heroin #4. post-traumatic stress
factors 1, 2, 3, and 4
Which of the following methods are used to absorb drugs through the mucosal membrane? #1. rectal and vaginal suppositories #2. buccal (between the gums and cheek) #3. sublingual (under the tongue) #4. insufflation (snorting a drug into the nose)
methods 1, 2, 3, and 4
Of 1,033 new drugs approved by the FDA between 1989 and 2000, what percentage showed no significant clinical improvement over older and cheaper drugs already in use?
more than 50%
Which of the following is an anxiety disorder?
obsessive compulsive
Alcohol addiction is defined and characterized by which of the following? #1. a compulsion to drink alcohol #2. an inability to stop drinking once one starts #3. continued use of alcohol despite major life dysfunction #4. cessation of use if legal consequences due to alcohol use occur
options 1, 2, and 3 only
Hyperalgesia is a temporary increase in the sensitivity to ____________ that is experienced during the long-term use of opiates/opioids used to treat pain.
painful stimuli
The Internet has an addiction potential because #1. It can be used to escape feelings. #2. It is always available. #3. It doesn't criticize. #4. It produces a stimulant-like rush.
reasons 1, 2, 3, 4
Drug abuse often results in the arrest of emotional development because #1. people who use drugs avoided dealing with difficult emotions #2. people who use drugs do not develop appropriate emotional coping skills #3. people who use drugs have not gone through the process of maturation #4. people who use drugs have to grow up faster
reasons 1, 2, and 3 only
Which of the following statements are true about prevention programs? #1. Prevention programs need to be tailored to specific age groups. #2. Prevention programs need to be tailored for ethnicity, culture, and gender. #3. A prevention program that has been researched and found to be effective for one particular cultural group can be readily applied to other cultural groups and yield similar results. #4. Prevention programs should span a lifetime.
statements 1, 2, and 4 only
Down regulation of a brain cell's receptors occurs when a person uses drugs and:
the cell retracts receptor sites to slow down message transmission because there are too many neurotransmitters
The goals of harm reduction include which of the following?
the reduction of the harm that addicts cause for society through their use of drugs
Which condition found in a drug addict is not found in a compulsive gambler?
tissue dependence
Treatment for addiction to opiates, including synthetics and semi-synthetics, is most successful when which of the following are included? #1. physical detoxification #2. psychological correction #3. medication/replacement therapy #4. participation in a recovery community
treatments 1, 2, 3, and 4
The Gin Epidemic
was brought under control through high taxes and the strict regulation of the sale of gin
The "stop" switch in the brain, which tells your mind and body that it has had enough and functions to turn of the brain's "go switch", is located in the brain stem
False
Which of the following is not a plant-based stimulant?
mephedrone
Which of the following best defines codependency?
An individual depends on the addict to fulfill some need of his or her own.
There is a national registry of prevention and treatment programs, but program results are anecdotal rather than evidence based
False
The effects that alcohol and other drugs have on a person's sexuality (drive and experience) are caused by the drugs' disruption of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine.
True
The major receptor sites for opioids are the mu, delta, kappa, and nociceptin.
True
The high from cocaine normally lasts four to six hours.
False
The majority of heroin available in the United States comes from Afghanistan.
False
Which of the following most accurately describes the addiction profile for psychedelics such as psilocybin mushrooms, LSD, and peyote?
They do not generally produce compulsive drug-seeking behavior and are not considered addictive.
The goal of evidence-based efforts treatment is to ensure that treatment providers consistently use strategies with the best potential for positive outcomes.
True
The historical and moral conflict between doing what an individual wants to do (primal urges) versus what he should do (common sense, reason) is mirrored in the conflict that arises between the old brain and the new brain when addictive drugs and behaviors are involved.
True
Coerced treatment includes which of the following? #1. mandated participation by the criminal justice system through drug courts #2. mandatory minimum sentencing guidelines for drug offenses #3. probation/parole stipulations #4. state or federal legislation requiring compulsory treatment
options 1, 2, 3, and 4
Which of the following are common ideological differences between mental health (MH) and substance abuse (SA) treatment programs as noted in the textbook? #1. MH uses case management, shepherding clients from one service to another, whereas SA programs traditionally emphasized self-reliance and personal responsibility. #2. MH opposes the use of medication to treat chemical imbalances and relies on talk therapy and support groups. #3. MH treatment providers often believe "control the underlying psychiatric problem and the drug abuse will disappear." #4. SA treatment providers often believe "get the patient clean-and-sober, and the mental health problems will resolve themselves."
statements 1, 3, and 4 only
Which of the following statements are true about the harm reduction approach? #1. Harm reduction does not acknowledge the risks associated with psychoactive drug use. #2. Harm reduction acknowledges the risks associated with psychoactive drug use. #3. The provision of free and clean needles to IV drug users reduces harm. #4. Using a designated driver is a form of harm reduction.
statements 2, 3, and 4 only
Which of the following statements are true about attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder? #1. The use of stimulants in small doses helps focus attention and reduces hyperactivity. #2. For children with ADHD, excessive fidgeting helps them focus on the task at hand. #3. Drugs prescribed for ADHD are generally not diverted to non-medical uses. #4. Stimulant drugs taken for ADHD reduce symptoms by increasing the release of dopamine and serotonin.
statements 1, 2, and 4 only
In addition to their psychedelic effects, "all arounders" almost always depress the central nervous system.
False
Tolerance is not a sign of physical or psychological dependence.
False
Which of the following is a personality disorder?
borderline
Z-hypnotics like Sonata, Ambien, and Imovane, are short-acting, but they are thought to have a higher risk of addiction than most benzodiazepines.
False
Opiates limit the release of and block receptors for substance P, which is the name of the neurotransmitter that transmits pain messages from nerve cell to nerve cell.
True
Regardless of which method a person uses to consume a psychoactive drug, the drug reaches the brain through the bloodstream.
True
Attempts to solve the problems of drug abuse, addiction, and crime focus on demand reduction, supply reduction, and reduction of drug potency.
False
Schizophrenia is classified as a thought disorder.
True
The effects of alcohol depend on the amount (dose) ingested over a given period of time (duration).
True
Which of the following are examples of the comprehensive addiction treatment systems best suited for treating people with dual diagnoses? #1. both substance use disorder and mental illness must be treated simultaneously #2. use of "rule-out diagnosis" in the initial assessment of someone with a dual diagnosis #3. recognition that both disorders are chronic and persistent requiring both short-term and long-range treatment strategies #4. treat both in a single program with appropriate resources and a, "every door is the right door" strategy
examples 1, 2, 3, and 4
Which of the following factors influence the length of time that a drug can be detected in someone's blood, urine, saliva, or other body tissues? #1. an individual's rate of drug absorption #2. an individual's rate of metabolism #3. the rate of excretion from the body #4. the type of drug-testing method used
factors 1, 2, 3, and 4
The effect an all arounder has on the user depends on which of the following factors? #1. the user's mind-set #2. the physical setting in which the drug is used #3. the amount taken or dosage #4. how recently the user has eaten
factors 1, 2, and 3
Continued smoking to avoid the negative effects of nicotine withdrawal is known as
negative drug reinforcement
Craving overwhelms common sense and causes an addict to do which of the following? #1. delay gratification #2. do what feels good at the time #3. seek immediate gratification #4. do whatever will provide immediate relief from anxiety and pain
options 2, 3, and 4 only
Which of the following statements are true about sexual activity for someone under the influence of methamphetamine? #1. The rush from methamphetamine can become a substitute for sexual activity. #2. Methamphetamine increases sexual desire. #3. Methamphetamine can increase aggression and violence. #4. Methamphetamine use, even at low levels, shuts down sexual desire.
statements 1, 2, and 3 only
Which of the following are examples of titrating the effects of a drug? #1. A cigarette smoker regulating his blood-nicotine level with the frequency of smoking and how often and how deeply he inhales tobacco smoke. #2. A cannabis (marijuana, hash) user who regulates the effects of the drug by how frequently and deeply she inhales cannabis smoke or vapors. #3. A polydrug user who mixes or stacks psychoactive compounds to maximize the effect and the amount of drugs in his system. #4. A person who is addicted to caffeine who regulates the amount of caffeine in her bloodstream by the frequency and the amount of caffeinated beverages she consumes (e.g., coffee, tea, and energy drinks).
examples 1, 2, and 4 only
Which of the following are factual statements about drug policy? #1. In 1909 the Smoking Opium Exclusion Act was enacted to reduce worldwide opium production and opium smoking. #2. The Harrison Narcotic Act of 1914 enabled the federal government to monitor and control the sale of opium. #3. The Opium Exclusion Act and the Harrison Narcotic Act eliminated the illicit-drug trade. #4. The Opium Exclusion Act and the Harrison Narcotic Act led to the development of a huge illicit-drug trade.
statements 1, 2, and 4 only
Which of the following physical and chemical changes in the body are signs that indicate addiction to alcohol or other drug? #1. The user develops tolerance and needs more of the drug to feel an effect. #2. The user develops intolerance. #3. The user develops tissue dependence and needs to use the drug just to feel normal. #4. After not using the drug for a period of time, the person experiences withdrawal symptoms.
statements 1, 3, and 4 only
Withdrawal from opiates produces symptoms that are the opposite of the drug's effects. Considering this fact, which of the following symptoms would be expected from opiate withdrawal? #1. bone, joint, and muscular pain #2. insomnia and anxiety #3. high blood pressure, rapid pulse, and tachycardia #4. pinpoint pupils
symptoms 1, 2, and 3 only
The American Revolution was supported by exportation and taxation of tobacco, hemp, rum, and whiskey.
True
Borderline personality disorder is a pattern of unstable personal relationships and self-image and marked impulsivity.
True
The legality of alcohol and tobacco, coupled with pervasive advertising of these substances, reduces the effectiveness and limits the credibility of many prevention programs.
True
Research has shown that supply reduction (drug seizures, interruption of people involved with the drug trade) is a more effective strategy than demand reduction (drug abuse treatment and prevention).
False
Treatment for people with a mental health diagnosis and an addiction is most effective when each diagnosis is treated as a distinct and separate problem.
False
When someone uses an addictive drug, the new brain usually dominates its influence over ones behaviors.
False
About 75% of those with anxiety disorders experience their first episode around age 21.
True
Which of the following is not involved in the early steps of treatment?
resolution of whatever past emotional trauma initially caused the addiction
Which of the following statements is true about anorexia?
Anorexics have a distorted perception of their body's shape and size.
The refinement of carbohydrates has resulted in the same types of effects on obesity that the refinement of cocaine has had on cocaine addiction.
True
