US Ch. 3

The number of categorical grants in the United States increased dramatically during the

1960s

Programs through which Congress provides money to state and local governments on the condition that the funds be employed for purposes defined by the federal government are called

?

The era of dual federalism was from the ________ until ________.

?

The main function of the privileges and immunities clause of Article IV is that it

?

The power of Congress to regulate commerce with foreign nations, among the several states, and with Native American tribes is found in ________ of the U.S. Constitution.

Article I

Who wrote the Supreme Court opinions in both McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) and Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)?

John Marshall

State laws banning interracial marriage were struck down as unconstitutional in which Supreme Court case?

Loving v. Virginia

Who was the first president to promote New Federalism?

Richard Nixon

The privileges and immunities clause of Article IV is also referred to as the ________ clause.

comity

Which powers, derived from the Tenth Amendment, are neither delegated to the national government nor denied to the states?

concurrent

The fact that 44 states and the District of Columbia have followed in Minnesota's original policy decision and allowed charter schools is an example of

diffusion

Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)

established the supremacy of the national government in all matters affecting interstate commerce.

The 2001 No Child Left Behind Act

expanded the federal government's authority over public education.

The specific powers granted to Congress in Article I, Section 8, of the U.S. Constitution are called the ________ powers.

expressed

Federalism is best defined as a system of government

in which power is divided between a national government and lower-level governments.

The processes by which local, state, and federal governments negotiate and compromise over policy responsibilities is called

intergovernmental relations

An example of ________ is when federal officials force state officials to implement more stringent national water pollution regulations.

preemption

Suppose a state passed a law that gave state residents preference over nonresidents in obtaining work in that state. This law would violate the ________ clause of the Constitution.

privileges and immunities

Economic policies that attempt to benefit the poor through taxing and spending are referred to as

redistributive programs

The "fugitive slave" clause of the Constitution

required "free states" without slavery to return freedom-seeking enslaved people to the states from which they escaped.

In the American version of federalism

state and local governments have far more policymaking responsibility than in most federal systems.

Before the Great Depression

state and local governments took responsibility for assisting the poor, usually by channeling aid through private charity.

In a decision on the Affordable Care Act, the Supreme Court ruled that

state governments could decline to expand Medicaid coverage without losing their existing Medicaid funds from the federal government.

The doctrine of nullification asserted that

states were not bound by federal laws that they considered unconstitutional.

If the federal government passed a law that did not provide money to state and local governments but required them to construct wheelchair lifts at all train stations, it would be an example of a(n)

unfunded mandate