U.S. Government Unit 1
Adam Smith
"father of modern economics" who believed the state and mankind entered into a relationship
Divine Right (of kings) Theory
rulers received their authority from the Creator
Force Theory
states created war; rule of the strong over the weak
Confederate Government
subservient to the people
Thomas Jefferson
the father of the Declaration of Independence
Evolutionary Theory
the government's authority arises from the people, and the government must respect man's natural rights
Social Contract Theory
the state's power limited by the people; formed the framework for American government
Evolutionary Government Theory
theory over time, the state developed from the family unit into clans, then into tribes, and finally into states
States
to amend the Articles
National Government
to coin money
National Government
to declare war or to make peace
States
to impose taxes on imports
States
to negotiate trade
States
to provide troops for the military
Socialism
was a reaction to capitalism
Confederate Government
A state government can restrict the central government's power.
Boston Tea Party
After colonists refused to allow British ships to leave the harbor; ships were boarded and cargo was destroyed.
Unitary Government
All political power is concentrated in a centralized government.
Battle of Yorktown
In the Revolutionary War, fighting ended after the ___________________.
Direct Democracy
People participate in this through initiatives, referendums, and recalls.
grievances against
The Declaration of Independence lists 18 _____________ the king of Great Britain.
Declaration of Rights and Grievances
The First Continental Congress prepared the __________, which the king chose to ignore.
Navigation Acts
The ___________ were intended to protect England's trade under the mercantile system.
Boston Massacre
The _______________ was a violent incident that resulted in colonists further despising British rule.
Stamp Act of 1765
The ____________________ taxed paper products that were sold in the colonies.
Boston Tea Party
The _____________________ was a response reflecting colonial anger at British taxation without representation.
legislative
The branch of government that makes laws is known as the ____________________ branch.
English Bill of Rights
The deposition of King James II resulted in the ____________ giving power to the Parliament, empowering the Church of England, and establishing individual liberties for British subjects.
Federal Government
The national and state governments are independent of one another.
establish independence for the colonists
The purpose of the Magna Carta was to ____________.
Totalitarianism
This form of government controls every aspect of an individual's life.
Despotism
This form of government has an absolute ruler who only looks out for himself and reigns as a tyrant.
Liberal Democracy
This form of government literally means "rule of the people."
Feudalism
This form of government was based on ownership of land and a social class system.
Absolute Monarchy
This hereditary ruler governed by divine right.
levy
To _________ is to collect something.
ratify
To formally approve or confirm is to _________.
9
To pass a law under the Articles, votes from ___ states were required to approve it.
Mercantilism
an early economic system that gave the government strict control over business
Laissez Faire
an economic system without government interference
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
argued for the communist theory with the publication of The Communist Manifesto
Montesquieu
argued for the principle of a separation of powers that later became the framework for the American Constitution
Divine Right of King's Theory
authority based on inherent right from God
George Washington
commander-in-chief of the Continental Army
Free Enterprise (Capitalism)
grew out of and closely subscribes to the laissez-faire system
Karl Marx
man most associated with the socialist theory
Thomas Paine
man who encouraged many Americans to pursue independence with of his pamphlet titled Common Sense
Paul Revere
one of three riders who warned colonists that the British had moved out of Boston and were heading toward Lexington
Thomas Hobbes
philosopher who believed man would forfeit his personal rights and subject himself to a sovereign state for his self-preservation
John Locke
philosopher who believed people would be willing to forfeit some of their rights while requiring the state to honor both civil and natural rights
Plato
philosopher who believed philosophers were the only ones who could create an ideal state
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
philosopher who saw the relationship between government and mankind as a reciprocal agreement where the state committed to mankind and mankind committed to the good of the state
John Locke
philosopher whose view that the natural rights of man included the rights to life, liberty, and property was supported by Thomas Jefferson
John Hancock
president of the Second Continental Congress
Unitary Government
Decisions can be made more quickly.
Reasons Great Britain took renewed interest in its North American charters after the Seven Years' War:
-Britain wanted more revenue from colonists to pay for war costs and defense. -Britain wanted to be a powerful trading empire. -Britain didn't want other countries taking the raw materials and resources from the colonies.
Government in Royal colonies:
-Colonists answered directly to the king. -The governor and advisory council were chosen by the king. -All approval came through the king.
Purposes of the Articles of Confederation:
-Established 13 colonies as the United States of America. -Formed government to manage the Revolutionary War. -Protected the 13 states from foreign invasion.
Reasons public support for American independence increased over time:
-Influential men in the colonies began writing pamphlets explaining the need for independence -The Continental Army experienced military success under the leadership of George Washington -Parliament had closed the Boston ports
Factors of production:
-capital goods -entrepreneurship -land (natural resources) -labor
Characteristic of a State:
-government -territory -sovereignty
Failure to establish a strong central government - Articles of Confederation:
-lacked money to support military after the war -could not impose taxes to pay for the war -could not enforce laws
Magna Carta principles that influenced the U.S. Constitution:
-limited government -guaranteed representation of the people -protection of the rights and liberties of men
Principles found in the first state constitution:
-limited government authority -popular sovereignty -inalienable rights
A state must have to exist:
-people -government -territory -soverignty
Free-enterprise system characteristics:
-private ownership and control of factors of production -competition -profit
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
-prohibition against slavery -a means for new territories to be admitted as states on equal footing -a precedent for westward expansion
charter
A ___________ is a new entity created by the authority of someone with sovereign power.
Proprietary
A _____________ charter was issued by the King for the purposes of exploration and profit.
royal
A _____________ colony answered directly to the king.
confederation
A ______________ is made up of a partnership or an alliance.
Loyalist
A ___________________ was a colonist who pledged allegiance to the Crown.
two
A bicameral legislature has _____ houses.
Patriot
A colonist who chose independence over loyalty to the Crown was a ____________.
to revise the Articles of Confederation
For what original purpose did delegates meet in Philadelphia in 1787?
Jean-Benigne Bossuet
French bishop who advocated the divine right of king's theory
they covered a wide area and were far away
Great Britain allowed colonies to set up their own governments because _____________________________________.
Confederate Government
If a portion of the population disagrees with the policies of a government, the people can weaken the central government's power.
presidential
In a _____ form of government only the legislature makes the laws, and the leader of the executive branch is elected by the people.
parliamentary
In a ________ form of government, the legislature selects the leader of the executive branch and may recall him at any time.
tyranny
In rule by _____________, the government abuses its power.
natural law
Natural rights, which have always existed and apply to everyone, came from ____________________.
Intolerable Acts
Parliament issued this as a punishment for the colonists' behavior and in order to regain control of the colonies.
Intolerable Acts
Parliament's response to the Boston Tea Party was to pass the ____________________.
Federal Government
Political power is shared between independent central and state governments.
deposition
Removal from office is ____________.
Confederate Government
State governments within a country are more powerful than the central government.
regulated state commerce
The Articles of Confederation were weak for all of the reasons except that they _____________________________.
It revealed the inefficiency of the Articles and the power the Articles denied Congress.
What did government leaders infer from Shays' Rebellion?
charging high fees to use ports and waterways
What was one way larger states took advantage of smaller states?
Articles of Confederation
What was the first constitution under which the United States of America was governed?
the colonies declared freedom from British governance
What was the purpose of the Declaration of Independence?
Alexander Hamilton
Which New York representative and Founding Father called for the meeting that led to the creation of the Constitution of the United States?
Montesquieu
Which person did NOT contribute a social contract theory?
tribal councils
Which was the first primitive form of government?
Common Law
_____________ was a system of English law based on precedents of custom or prior judicial decisions.
Shays' Rebellion
______________ revealed that the Articles of Confederation might weaken the U.S. government too much to keep peace and protect citizens.
The Mayflower Compact
_______________ provided a framework for the first form of democratic government in the American colonies.
Commerce
___________________ is the interchange of goods and services pertaining to business.
Communism
grew out of socialism but differed by seeking to control all areas of society