U.S Government Unit 4 Vocabulary

two ways interest groups differ from political parties:

- interest group membership is limited -interest groups are organized around a common issue.

three ways a two party system reflects a democratic society

- people have an opportunity to participate in the direction of the government and its policies - political parties link the people to the gov. by giving people a voice - political parties convert public opinion into public policy by representing the voters political beliefs

personal responsibilities:

- take ownership of one's self, family and community - work to provide one's own basic needs

The roots of both conservatism and liberalism find a basis in the social contract theory of _______ that teaches that human nature results in selfishness that government must address to some degree.

John Locke

Liberal ideology is considered to be _____ of center.

Left

________ Advocate government intervention for social issues, such as environmental protection, healthcare, childcare, and greater government oversight of education.

Liberals

Special interest groups sometimes use ____ through test cases that challenge constitutionality of existing laws.

Litigation

Organizing fundraising events, contributing money, and publicizing candidates through press releases, telephone campaigns, and campaign literature typically take place at a ___________ level.

Local

Alexis De Tocqueville found America " ________________________ " because common people could compete with the elite in politics and capitalism.

Peculiar in Nature

the belief that one can make a difference in government is referred to as

Political Efficacy

which paragraph best describes the two-party system and its political organization in the United States?

Political parties have evolved into loosely organized groups whose goal is to influence governmental policy by electing officials to office. The parties are large and compete for members; therefore, they shy away from controversial issues that might alienate voters from the party. Each level of organization is independent of the others.

Checks and Balances separate and limit the power of the executive and legislative branches in a ________.

Presidential form of Government

____________ organizations seek policy changes that do not result in profit for the organization but meet group goals.

Public Interest

________ groups bring local and state issues before Congress.

Public interest

_________ groups attempt to influence policymakers to protect freedom of religion and support moral causes.

Religion

Conservative ideology is considered to be __________ of center.

Right

The ___________ error of a poll is based on margin of error and level of confidence.

Sampling

Civic Responsibility

Something that you should do as a citizen, but is not required.

What led to the creation of the second party system?

The Democratic-Republican Party split into rival factions: the National Republicans, led by John Quincy Adams, and the Democratic-Republicans,led by Andrew Jackson.

What was a consequence of the first contested presidential election resulting in a President from the Federalist Party and a vice president from the Democratic-Republican Party?

The Twelfth Amendment was passed, providing separate balloting for the offices of President and vice president.

Second Party system (1828-1856)

The party system developed as a result of a division in the one-party rule by the Democratic-Republicans.

how might interest groups such as the National Rifle Association or Sierra Club influence politics?

They promise politicians that by supporting their position , the politicians can attract voters to the party.

Third Party System (1860-1892)

This system began around the time of Abraham Lincoln's election. The parties were defined by geographical or regional beliefs, with the South being primarily Democratic and the North being primarily Republican.

`First Party System (1796-1824)

This system developed as a result of two factions that were left over from the ratification of the Constitution.

Sixth Party System (1980- Present)

This system developing during the Reagan administration experienced a dealignment of voter loyalty to parties rather than realignment.

What is the legacy of the second party system?

Today's Republican and Democratic parties formed during this period

Match the Statements to the correct Vocab:

Totalitarianism- Under the control of a single faction, political organization, or class domination, the state has now limits to its authority. Communism- Private ownership is abolished, and all factors of productions are placed under central control within a classless society Socialism- Government intervenes widely in an attempt to ensure equal results, not equal opportunities. Fascism- A strong central government supporting a nationalistic ideology is organized as a police state with a strong military under a dictator. Populism- Broad Government Intervention works to achieve equal results and to maintain an ordered liberty Libertarianism- The individual experiences autonomy from government interference, which provides unrestricted opportunity and liberty

Chagrin

Vexation

Vocab:

Woman's Suffrage- right to vote Segregation- a separation into different groups American Revolution- taxation without representation Civil Rights- weakened discrimination against minority groups and brought about desegregation Labor Laws and Unions- improvement of working conditions Antiwar- conscientious objections to morality of war Abolition of Slavery- freedom for individuals and equality of man

Realignment

a change of identification within an existing political structure

socioeconomic

a combination of social and economic factors

Bimetallism

a currency system that accepts both gold and silver as legal tender

stereotype

a generalized image of something; a common conception

Grassroots Campaign

a political movement beginning at the local level where many volunteers give their time to support the local party, which can lead to helping the national party

platform

a political party's statement of goals and values

Dealignment

a removal of identification with a particular group

segregation

a separation into different groups

Gridlock

a situation in which something cannot move in any direction

Glass ceiling

an expression that refers to situations where qualified individuals within a hierarchical organization are stopped at a lower level because of discrimination

National Association of Manufacturers

business economic interest group

Twelfth Amendment

came about as a result of an election in which members of different parties were elected President and vice president

grassroots

campaigns seek to pressure policymakers by rallying members and nonmembers to contact policymakers and to protest.

efficacy

capacity for producing a desired result or effect

paradox

contradiction

Political Action Committee (PAC)

does not accept contributions that exceed $5,000 but allows groups to actively support chosen candidates

Civil Disobedience

following ones conscience by refusing to follow a law

National Conference of Mayors

government interest group

Anarchism

ideology in which government restraint is abolished

how do interest groups ensure that people may participate in the governing process?

interest groups allow citizens to be apart of groups promoting their own interest.

how does the national party organization benefit the state organization?

it provides financial support in helping state organizations to fund potential candidates' campaigns for elected office.

Apathy

lack of interest; indifference

Disproportionate

out of proportion

societal

pertaining to a society

scheme

plan;design

Magnate

powerful or influential person

Bipartisan politics

practiced by members from differing political parties who agree to work together on specific issues or positions

nonpartisan polities

practiced by those who profess to work for what they feel is best and do not declare a party affiliation

partisan politics

practiced by those who support a party's policies without any consideration of other ideologies

National Parent Teacher Association

public interest group

Proliferation

rapid growth

The Christian Coalition

religious interest group

voters who cannot make it to a polling station may _____

request an absentee ballot in advance

Civic duty

requirement that one must fulfill

which person would be most likely to exercise the right to vote?

retired male executive of a mid-size company

skew

slant or distort

why would interest groups use grassroots methods to influence policymakers?

such methods get officials to take notice of an issue

Which answer is NOT a possible error that could influence the accuracy of a poll?

the age and gender of the poll taker

defines the common good

the common good protects the minority while establishing policies that are most beneficial for the community as whole

Ideology

the set of beliefs that guide individuals or groups

how can PAC contributions benefit interest groups?

they can " buy time" ; ensure access to elected officials

scrutinize

to analyze

renomination

to be nominated for an office one currently holds

why have third parties emerged throughout the different periods in American history?

to bring attention to important issues that the major political parties would not address

disdain

to despise

which statement is NOT a reason why Americans should be knowledgeable about political issues?

to guarantee one's financial success

subordinate

to place in a lower position

Boycott

to withhold participation

Dubious

uncertain , doubtful, or untrustworthy

Reading System

used in British politics is effective because it engages party members in personal contacts and reminds them of their civic duty.

which statement is NOT a strategy used by interest groups to pressure policymakers?

using litigation to personally sue individuals policymakers

Heterogeneous

varied and diverse

electorate

voters

Electorate

voting population ; voters

What issue is most prominent in the current immigration debate?

whether or not immigrants should be allowed to receive governmental services

State Party Organization

works to elect party members to state offices

National Committee

writes a party's platform, plots election strategies, coordinates fundraising, and campaigns for candidates

presidential form of government:

-Controversial social issues are personal matters. -Checks and Balances separate the legislative and executive branches -The farmers preferred this system to prevent abuses of power

two facts about political action committees:

-Corporate and trade association PACs usually ignore party lines, opting to back candidates who are likely to win and who will support their views. -PAC contributions connot exceed $5,000 per elections to any candidate seeking federal office.

Which facter likely has the greatest impact on one's political socialization process?

-Family

civic duties:

-Pay taxes -defend the nation by serving in the military -serve in court on juries -attend school -obey the law

Parliamentary form of government:

-The head of government reports to the legislative branch. -Political parties are highly organized, and officials are elected based on party platform. -The chief executive may call for elections at any time; the legislative may hold a vote of confidence regarding the chief executive.

three typical reasons why a voter may choose a affiliate with a particular party

-based on one's educational level -based on one's income level -based on one's work environment

three inside strategies most typically used by lobbyists to influence lawmakers.

-can testify before legislative hearings as an expert witness on particular issues. -can assist in writing legislation -can meet personally with the lawmaker

Democratic Party:

-once called the Jeffersonian,Anti-Federalist, or Democratic-Republican Party -dominated presidential elections between 1828-1860 -maintained a half century of political domination beginning during the Great Depression -had attracted new voters,young people,and women in recent elections -supported bimetallism

three grassroots strategies most typically used by interest groups to get their members to pressure policymakers.

-organizing demonstrations and protests to get media attention or endorse candidates -urging members to contact policymakers before an important vote or start petition drivers -using mass mail-outs and telephone calls to rally public support for the group's cause

two people/groups that direct state party organizations

-state chairperson -central committee

Republican Party:

-tends to have Southerns, Catholics, and conservatives as constituents -won the majority of presidential elections between 1860-1932 -party of Herbert Hoover -Platform against slavery before the Civil War -regained the Presidency due to national unrest and rioting, coupled with the opposing party's rising involvement in the unpopular Vietnam War

three ways third parties influence elections

-they bring attention to the issue that majority parties may not want to address - they provide a venue for dissatisfied voters to vote against "politics as usual" - they encourage voter turnout at the polls

three ways early party systems contributed to the evolution of political parties that exist today:

-they defined the role of government in setting public policy -they held elected officials accountable to their constituents -they allowed differences of opinion over various issues to be resolved

Civic Responsibilities:

-volunteer for public services -respect the rights of others -contribute to the common good -stay informed on public issues -hold the government accountable -vote to influence policy

two reasons why " get out the vote " drives are effective in mobilizing voters?

-voters are reminded of their civic responsibility to vote -the political party focuses on getting its supporters out to vote

four responsibilities of national committee

-write the parties' platforms -plot election strategies -campaign for candidates -coordinate fundraising

Party Machinery

A party organization headed by a boss or a self-ruling group that commands enough votes to maintain political and administrative control of a city , country or state.

American Farm Bureau Federation

Agricultural economic interest group

Frenchman _____________ feared that Americans would come to value equality more than freedom.

Alexis de Tocqueville

public interest group

American Association of Retired Persons

_________________focus on ordered liberty and emphasize opportunity over government efforts to ensure equality

Conservatives

The American ________ is the belief that all Americans have the opportunity to achieve a better and happier life, if they are willing to work for it

Dream

_________ groups are divided into business, professional, and agricultural groups.

Economic

The goal of the state party organizations is to ______?

Elect candidates to state offices

Fifth Party System (1932-1980)

Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal expanding government power established Democratic Dominance for decades.

Sarah Palin and Hillary Clinton contributed to breaking the _________ keeping women from running from the nations highest office

Glass ceiling

GOP/Republican Party- is an abbreviation for

Grand Old Party

Match the Terms: Vocabulary

Gridlock- a situation in which something cannon move in any direction. Dealignment- a removal of identification with a particular group. Magnate- a powerful and influential person. Realignment- a change of identification of individuals into like-minded groups. Bimetallism- a currency system that accepts both gold and silver as legal tender. Renomination- to be nominated for an office one currently holds

Fourth Party System (1895-1928)

In this system, the Republican Party became the majority party because of its strong support for a gold standard.

american diversity is united through equality and

Individualism

An ________ is a small group of people who are well-informed about politics.

Issue