US History Ch.10

President Johnson proclaimed that each former Confederate state had to call a constitutional convention to revoke its ordinance of secession and ratify the __________________.

thirteenth amendment

t or f: The black codes varied from state to state, but they all seemed intended to keep African Americans in a condition similar to slavery.

true

t or f: When the House of Representatives voted to impeach President Johnson, the main charge was that he had broken the law by refusing to uphold the Tenure of Office Act.

true

t or f: By the end of 1868, none of the former Confederate states had met all the requirements to be readmitted to the Union.

false

t or f: In 1865, many members of Congress were hopeful Southern voters would elect former Confederate officers and political leaders to Congress.

false

t or f: President Johnson, unlike Lincoln, believed a radical policy was needed to bring the South back into the Union.

false

what did the action of the Freedmen's Bureau help prevent?

mass starvation

What did many white Southerners join because they were unable to publicly resist the Republican-formed state governments?

secret resistance societies

How did Lincoln want the North and South to be reunited?

Lincoln aimed to reunite the people by offering a pardon to Southerners who would take an oath of allegiance.

Why were African American churches the center of their communities?

Many communities used churches as unofficial courts, schools, and general gathering places.

How did the Ku Klux Klan intimidate African Americans?

Members used acts of violence such as raids and burning homes or other buildings to terrorize the African Americans and Republicans.

What were the Black Codes?

New Southern state legislators passed laws that severely limited African Americans' rights.

What happened during the Panic of 1873?

Banks closed, businesses shut down, and the stock market plummeted. There was widespread unemployment, which hurt the Republican Party during the midterm elections..

Who were carpetbaggers and scalawags?

Carpetbaggers were Republicans from the North; scalawags were white southerners who supported the Republicans.

How important were African American churches?

Churches were at the center of African American communities.

With which party did many African Americans align themselves?

Republican

What was the Whiskey Ring of 1875?

Government officials and distillers in St. Louis cheated the government out of millions of dollars by filing false tax reports

Where was the Ku Klux Klan started?

It was started in Pulaski, TN in 1866 by former Confederate soldiers.

Why was Johnson impeached?

Johnson violated the Tenure of Office Act by firing Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton.

How did Democrats win the support of whites who owned small farms?

Some resorted to various methods of election fraud. They also defined elections as a struggle between blacks and whites.

How were schools established for African Americans?

The Freedmen's Bureau worked with Northern charities to establish schools, and Reconstruction governments created a public school system.

_______________________________, founded in 1868 in Virginia, was an agricultural school first organized by Mary Peake.

The Hampton Institute

What was one lasting contribution of the Freedmen's Bureau?

The bureau was able to work with Northern charities to provide school buildings, paid teachers, and colleges and universities for former slaves.

Why were the congressional Republicans angry when a Congress gathered for its session in December 1865?

The congressmen returned from their "summer vacation" to find the President Johnson had passed his own restoration program.

What was the condition of the South after the Civil War?

The economoy was in shambles not only because of emancipation, but also due to war expenses. The transporatation system was ruined and miles lf building were destoryed.

What was the Military Reconstruction Act?

The former Confederacy was divided into 5 districts, each governed by a Union general.

What reforms did Republican governments institute?

The governments repealed the black codes, rebuilt infrastructure, established a public school system, and made more state office elective.

Why was the Wade-Davis Bill introduced?

The moderates and radicals worked together to create a compromise to Lincoln's moderate plan.

Why did white Southerners scorn the Republican party?

The party included Northerners and African Americans.

What caused the Compromise of 1877 to occur?

The votes in the states of LA, SC, and FL were disputed. A commission appointed by Congress ruled in favor of Hayes.

What allowed African Americans to begin organizing political groups and take part in governing the South?

They gained the right to vote.

What political positions did formerly enslaved persons hold in the South?

They were legislators and administrators at all levels, including Congress, as well as mayors, police chiefs, and school commissioners.

Why was the Freedmen's Bureau established?

Thousands of freed African Americans needed help and protection— refugee crisis.