U.S. History Chapter 16 Study Guide
Where was the Western Front?
between Germany and France
what did Russia mobilize its troops
it feared Austria would control the Balkans
made it illegal to aid the enemy and Eugene debs was arrested under this act
espionage act of 1917
What was the purpose of the wartime agencies created in the U.S. during World War I?
to foster cooperation between the national war effort and private businesses
What was the purpose of the Palmer Raids?
to seize and deport immigrant anarchists
What effect did the war have on women in America?
Many took jobs that were traditionally held by men
What events motivated the U.S. to join the war?
Propaganda, strong ties with the Allies, sinking of the Lusitania, Sussex pledge, and the Zimmerman note
What was the Red Scare?
a fear of Communists seizing control of America
gave four ministers speeches to urge audiences to support the war
four-minute men
which of Russia's allies declared war on Germany
france
What were three of the main ideas in Wilson's Fourteen Points?
free trade and open diplomacy, national self-determination, and the establishment of the League of Nations
senators that agreed to ratify if Wilson agreed that any military action had to be approved by congress
reservationists
agreement to support one another (military)
rival alliances
what was issued by Wilson saying that if one more ship was sunk the US would enter the war
sussex pledge
What was the Zimmermann telegram?
the telegram to Mexico from Germany promising to give Mexico land lost to the U.S. if they joined the war
What was the purpose of the Committee on Public Information?
to sell the war effort to Americans
took place on the Western front
trench warfare
who killed Archduke Ferdinand and his wife sophia
Serbian merchants
How did the unification of the German states and the emergence of the German Empire lead to tensions in Europe?
Several countries feared that Germany would invade them and begin to create alliances
the basis of all the provisions; the was guilt clause; placed the entire blame for the war upon Germany and her allies
article 231
a bomb damaged attorney general A. Mitchell Palmer's home which led to the FBI
palmer raids
Why did Congress pass the Selective Service Act?
to draft Americans into the armed forces
Why is it believed that Harding won by such a wide margin?
He promised an end to the reforms that had led to so much strife
What was the primary reason that the Senate rejected the Treaty of Versailles?
It rejected the notion of a League of Nations
What caused rapid inflation in the U.S. after the war ended?
Jobs were scarce, and companies that were forced to keep prices low during the war raised them dramatically
what was the start date of WWI
July 28, 1914
what was the date of the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand
June 28, 1914
How did the Fuel Administration attempt to conserve coal and oil during the war?
by instituting Heatless Mondays and creating daylight savings time
How did America fund the $32 billion war effort?
by raising taxes and selling bonds
it sold the war to the american people
committee of public information
The desire to promote one's own country's culture and interests above all other nations is called ___
nationalism
The crisis in the Balkans represented a clash between which two ideals that were emerging in Europe?
nationalism and imperialism
date Germany signed an armistice
november 11, 1918
what did president Wilson issue in order for the US to stay neutral
proclamation of neutrality
what did the Franco-Russian alliance do?
protected themselves against triple alliance
General Pershing insisted that American soldiers who entered the war __
remain in American units under American command
waged a two front war
schlieffen plan
made it illegal to top speak against the war publicly
sedition act of 1918
what was the main reason the US joined the WWI
submarines sunk the Lusitania killing 128 americans
What battle on the Western Front resulted in a massive German retreat?
the Battle of the Argonne Forest
What strike led to the dismissal of the entire striking workforce?
the Boston Police Strike
What event allowed Germany to sign a treaty with Russia, ending their campaign in the east?
the Russian Revolution and establishment of a Communist state
Advancements in technology led to what new theater of battle?
the air, with dogfights between planes
What event in 1914 triggered the beginning of World War I?
the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary
What was the "Great Migration"?
the movement of massive numbers of African Americans to the North to take factory jobs
What did the Schenck v. united states uphold
the sedition act
What was the final German act that caused the United States to declare war on Germany?
the sinking of six American ships by German submarines
What was the primary purpose of the War Industries Board?
to coordinate the production of war materials
What were the purposes of the Espionage and Sedition Acts?
to prevent spying and curtail criticism of the government
treaty signed with Germany pulling Russia out of the war; allowed Germany to focus on the western front
treaty of brest-litovsk
the allied countries meet in Paris to discuss the outcome of the war; punished Germany for the damage done in the war
treaty of versailles
alliance between Germany, Italy and Austria-Hungary
triple
what happened in the sacco, vanzetti case
two immigrants were executed
led the Bolshevik party, signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
vladimir lenin
Who were the Triple Entente and why did they have that name?
Britain, France, and Russia; known as the entente cordial or friendly understanding because Britain
What was the result of alliances between European countries against one another?
Countries began to engage in militarism
a stale mate war
attrition
President Wilson's peace plan
fourteen points
how long did the US remain neutral
2 years
How did the complex web of European alliances contribute to the outbreak of WWI?
the alliances were agreements to help other countries if another country were to attack, the countries all started to declare war on each other
What was the major cause of the outbreak of race riots during 1919?
the scarcity of jobs
How did the arrival of American troops in Europe change the attitude of those fighting the war?
Allied forces were enthusiastic and German forces demoralized
What is the difference between an armistices and a treaty?
Armistice is temporary Treaty is permanent
who declared war on who on July 28, 1914
Austria declared war on Serbia
He was the heir to the Austro-Hungarian empire
Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand
What result of inflation caused national unrest across the country in 1919?
Workers began to strike in massive numbers
How did the arrival of American troops affect German attitudes about the war?
Once the American troops arrived the German troops pretty much knew that it was over
What were the European alliances that were triggered when Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia?
Russia and France allied with Serbia against Austria-Hungary and Germany
Austria-Hungary's annexation of Bosnia in 1908 had what effect on the empire's relations with the Slavic people?
Slavs felt that Austria-Hungary had no intention of giving them independence
What event in April 1919 further fueled fears of Communist radicals in America?
The Postal Service intercepted 30 bombs sent to prominent Americans
What happened in the Election of 1920?
The war, the red scare, and the many problems led to a sense of disillusionment in American; Harding won
Why did many workers participate in strikes following the war?
There was a lot of racial discrimination, labor unrest, and economic problems
How did ideas of national self-determination influence the Treaty of Versailles?
They thought that they would be able to punish Germany because they all had a thing in common and that was that Germany hurt them badly
What were some new agencies that Congress established to help manage the wartime economy?
War industries Board, food administration, fuel administration
the big four
Wilson: US Clemenceau: France Orlando: Italy George: Great Britain
In the 1920 election, Warren G. Harding ran on the platform of __
a return to normalcy
what caused the nations of Europe to declare war on each other
alliances and fear
hero of the offensive; known as sergeant york; one of the most decorated american soldiers in WWI
alvin york
nicknamed the doughboys
american expeditionary force (AEF)
a temporary agreement to end fighting
armistice
the americans stop the Germany drive to defeat France
battle of chateau-thierry
the dough boys win an impressive victory in this battle
battle of st. mihiel
the french, with the help of taxi drivers moved their army to the front and stopped the German advance at the Marne R
battle of the Marne
Why did England seek to forge alliances with France and Russia?
because Germany was creating a naval fleet that threatened the British navy
Why did trench warfare result in such horrific casualties?
because artillery and machine guns had made capturing an enemy's position nearly impossible
in 1917 the Bolshevik party established a communist government in Russia
bolshevik revolution
How did American Admiral William Sims change the war at sea?
by creating convoys in which merchant ships and small, maneuverable warships called destroyers traveled together
supreme commander of the allied forces; ordered a counter attack
ferdinand foch
run by Herbert Hoover; increased food production while reducing consumption
food administration
What were "victory gardens"?
gardens in which citizens grew their own vegetables
aka the FBI or the federal bureau of investigation
general intelligence division
which of Austria's allies declared war on Russua
germany
During the Red Scare, Americans often linked __________ with radicalism
immigrants
the ruling or controlling of other nations through annexation, conquering, or economic domination
imperialism
senators that did not want to be linked to europe
irrenconcilables
led the American expeditionary force into battle
john "blackjack" pershing
helped to prevent war; called for peace without victory
league of nations
what were some of the new weapons in WWI
machine guns, gas, grenades, flame throwers, tanks, zeppelins, airplanes
one of the costliest military capaigns
meuse argonne offensive
increasing one's military beyond what is necessary for defense; the alliance system fostered this
miltarism