U.S. History Chapter 4 quiz

Grange

Attracted about a million members. Goals were to provide education for new farming techniques and calling for the regulation of railroad and grain elevator rates

Oliver H Kelley

Minnisota farmer, business man, journalist, and government clerk. Founded the Grange. Addressed problems faced by farmers

What was the goal of the National Women's Suffrage Association? (1869)

Wanted a constitutional amendment including women that would grant them the right to vote

How did they protect their rights?

Saum Song Bo questioned why he should support the fundraiser for the Statue of Liberty. Turned to federal courts - citizenship rights won. Upheld Chinese exclusion act

What were the major challenges facing American farmers by the late 1800's? (4)

The cost if business rose. To pay for new machinery and supplies put farmers in debt. Railroads charged high transportation fees. Banks charged outrageous interest fees

What made it difficult for Congress to enact many reforms from 1877-1897? (2)

1: Congress was a statement 2: Presidents were mean Neither party gained control of the White House and Both houses of Congress at the same time

What lasting effects did the populist party have?

1: Graduated income tax 2: railroad regulation 3: Flexible monetary system 4: political campaigns

What happened in 1893 that helped the populists expand their coalition

A four year depression began that not only worsened conditions for already struggling farmers, but for other Americans as well.

Civil service

A system that includes federal jobs in the executive branch. Idea to reform best qualified people

Grandfather clause

Allowed a person to vote as long as his ancestors had voted prior to 1866. Before 1866 blacks were not allowed to vote.

W.E.B Du Bois

Argued that African Americans should demand full and immediate equality. Criticized Booker T Washington

How were the approaches of W.E.B Du Bois and Booker T Washington different?

Booker T Washington Argued that African Americans needed to accommodate themselves to segregation, meaning they should not focus their energies on seeking to overturn Jim Crow. W.E.B Du Bois argued that blacks should demand full and immoderate equality and not limit themselves to vocational education

What challenges did Chinese immigrants face in the west?

Chinese faces racial prejudice on the west coast. In 1879 California restricted cities from employing people of Chinese ancestry. San Francisco established a segregated "oriental" school. Elsewhere mind of whites attacked Chinese workers. Chinese exclusion act

William Jennings Bryan.

Democratic Party presidential candidate. Lawyer/congressman from Nebraska, strong speaker

Pendleton civil service act

Established a civil service commission, which wrote a civil service exam. People HAD to pass the exam for government jobs

How did the Supreme Court's decision in Plessy vs Ferguson support Jim Crow Laws?

It argued that as longs as states maintained "separate but equal" facilities, they did not violate the 14th amendment, yet many of then we're not equal

How did William McKinley's campaign reflect the 'old way' of politics?

Marcus Hanna organized McKinley's run and had people go out and give speeches and ask for their vote for him instead I him doing it himself

Booker T Washington

Most famous black leader during the late 19th century. Born a slave in 1865 in Alabama. Urged African Americans to accept segregation. Promotes segregation

Populist Party

Peoples party. Sought to build a new political party from the grassroots up. Pressured major parties to concider their demands. Died out after 1896 election

How did the spoils system leas to Government corruption?

Politicians awarded government jobs to loyal party workers with little regard for their qualifications

Spoils system

Politicians awarded loyal party members with government jobs regardless of their qualifications. Illegal today

How did southern state governments restrict African American voting rights after 1877?

Poll taxes ($1-$2) restricted Blacks voting as well as poor whites Literacy tests were placed in order to vote because most blacks could not read or write. Grandfather clause allowed people to vote as long as their ancestors voted before 1866 and blacks weren't able to vote before then All white primaries were all candidates were white

What were the positive and negative effects of the Pendleton Civil service Act?

Positive- established a Civil service commission, which wrote a civil service exam. Individual who wanted to work for the government had to take the exam, and getting a job depended on how well they did, not who they know. Negative- initially the act covered only a small percentage of federal employees, but it's reach grew over time, reducing the power if the spoils system

What reforms were proposed/introduced by the Grange and other farmers' organizations?

Provide education on new farming techniques and calling for the regulation of railroad and grain elevator rates. Establish ICC. Creations of "sub-treasuries" aimed at helping farmers

William McKinley

Republican Party presidential candidate. Accumulates approximately $15 million, 30 times the amount Bryan had. Was Assassinated

How did the tariff issue decide Democrats and Republicans?

Republicans- Favored a high tariff arguing that it would allow American industries to grow and promote jobs in manufacturing Democrats- Argued that high tariffs increased the cost of goods to consumers and made it harder for American farmers to sell their goods abroad

What could be views as a positive outcome of the spoils system and political partisanship of the time?

Rewarded thousands of supporters with jobs. Political participation got a boost from the spoils system and the fierce partisanship of the era

What types of things did Jim Crow laws impact in the south?

Southern states established segregated railroad cars, waiting stations, jury boxes, bibles, cemeteries, resturaunts, parks, beaches, hospitals, and schools

Las Gorras Blancas

Targeted the property of large ranch owners by cutting holes in barbed wire fences and burning houses. Had their own newspaper

Jim Crow Laws

The segregation laws of railroad cars, waiting stations, jury boxes, bibles, cemeteries, resturaunts, parks, beaches, hospitals, and schools

What caused farmers in the south to be less organized and effective in promoting change?

There were racial tensions and white and black farmers didn't want to agree and work together

Who did they blame, and why?

They blamed railroad companies, as monopolies, charged whatever rates they wanted and complained that banks charges high interest rates. They also felt that the nation turned it's back on them because initially, presidents came from farming states but now were coming from big industry states

What did African Americans fun if the migrated north?

They found many examples of de facto segregation such as restrictions on where they could live and work.

Which political Cartoonist is best known for exposing the corruption of 'Boss' Tweed?

Thomas Nast

How did the campaign of William Jennings Bryan change presidential elections?

Toured the U.S, himself giving speeches and asking people for their vote in person.

How did the Populist party try to expand their influence from the west, and farmers? What arguments did they use?

Unite whits and blacks if it hoped to succeed politically. Reach out to factory workers, they had the same enemy. (Industrialization"

Literacy test

Voters requires to take, because blacks had been exploited economically and denied education. These restrictions disqualified many of them as voters. Many whites could either

Poll tax

Voters were required to lay a tax of $1-$2 in order to be eligible to vote. Limited access for African Americans and poor whites

Why did Mexican Americans lose so much of their land in the west?

When Anglo Americans and Mexican Americans laid claim to the same land U.S. Courts put the burden of proof in Mexican Americans to show that they really owned the land, and they often didn't have proof Santa Fe ring- Group of lawyers

Susan B Anthony

Woman's rights activist felt betrayed that women weren't included in the 14th and 15th amendments. Helped from the National Women's Sufferage Association.

Ida B Wells

Wrote newspaper articles and made speeches agains lynching. Run out of town but continued to work in exile