US History Chapter 9: Nationalism and Sectionalism, 1815-1828

"I know of no South, no North, no East, no West to which I owe my allegiance. The Union is my country." Analyze this quotation from Henry Clay and evaluate its meaning for the United States.

-This quotation represents Clay's desire to tie together the nation's diverse regions through the American System.: Far from cutting all regional ties and creating an entirely homogeneous population, Clay sought to unify the regions in order to strengthen the Unio

What was the "Era of Good Feelings"?

A slogan describing the political goodwill during the Monroe administration

What does the image reveal about the Seminole War?

African Americans and Native Americans were allies in their battle against the whites. Troops were used to attempt to stop the conflict.

Identify the factors that contributed to the Panic of 1819.

British textile mills stopped buying expensive American cotton, the country's leading export, because of the availability of cheaper sources of cotton in other parts of the world. Land speculators purchased land in the West using borrowed money as the primary means of payment, and the ensuing decrease in land and crop values reduced speculators' and settlers' incomes alike. Newly formed banks approved risky loans and increased the use of paper money.

Strong national bank

Create a single currency and regulate state and local banks

Who supported the construction of internal improvements like the National Road, and why?

Economic nationalists planned to expand the nation's economy by linking states in the East, West, and South., Westerners hoped to increase trade and make the eastern United States more accessible.

The emergence of four viable Republican presidential candidates, including Andrew Jackson, revealed the strength and popularity of the Republican party and its ideas.

FALSE

While Adams's character and personality made him an extremely effective president, Andrew Jackson was able to successfully campaign against him for the presidency in the election of 1828 by pointing to the scandals that clouded Adams's administration.

False

In the election of 1828, Andrew Jackson ran against John Quincy Adams. It featured cruel personal attacks and a new form of political campaigning. Which of the following phrases in this campaign poster suggest Jackson's opposition to elite politicians?

He Who Could Not Barter Nor Bargain for the Presidency! The Man of the People!, Knock Down Old Revolutionary Characters

How did the War of 1812 shift James Madison's views on nationalism, and how did it have an impact on his presidency?

He embraced the economic nationalism advocated by Alexander Hamilton and George Washington. As a result, he governed as a nationalist rather than as a states' rights sectionalist. It illuminated the need for a more powerful federal government, particularly a stronger military and national economy.

Identify the concerns Americans had with Clay's American System that demonstrate the sectional conflict during this era.

Higher federal land prices would discourage western migration. Tariffs would benefit northern manufacturing at the expense of the common people.

Identify Henry Clay's American System

It was an economic plan to strengthen and unify the nation by instating tariffs, a national bank, and federally funded infrastructure improvements.

Which of the following historical circumstances enabled Andrew Jackson to be elected president in 1828?

Jackson cast himself as a politician for the common man at a time when the vote was spreading to more white men in the lower classes. Jackson's support of states' rights was popular in response to President John Quincy Adams's expansion of the power of the federal government.

While promoting his American System, Henry Clay said, "I know of no South, no North, no East, no West to which I owe my allegiance. The Union is my country." However, the rest of the country didn't necessarily agree with him. Identify the key issue that aroused opposition to his American System plan.

Many Americans felt divided between their nationalist sentiments and their devotion to the interests of the specific regions they lived in. Clay sought to give each region or section of the country its top economic priority.However, this much-discussed system aroused both widespread support and intense opposition. Clay sought support for the high tariffs in the West, which the Northeast wanted, by explaining that the funds would pay for new roads and infrastructure.

James Monroe's first term as president became known as the "Era of Good Feelings." What historical factors led to its being called this?

Monroe's presidency began relatively peacefully. Republicans dominated American politics.

High Tariffs

Protecting American companies by keeping taxes on goods coming into the country at a level to discourage trade

Identify what the failure of Pinckney's Treaty of 1795 revealed about Spain in 1816.

Spain's declining power because of its inability to enforce the treaty

Identify the deal that broke the election deadlock of 1824.

Speaker of the House Henry Clay struck a deal with John Quincy Adams and endorsed him for president.

After the war, Congress created the Second Bank of the United States, which established a national currency across the different states.

TRUE

The Rush-Bagot Agreement of 1817 was one of John Quincy Adams's diplomatic accomplishments, as it limited the number of warships that could be present on the Great Lakes.

TRUE

The United States was supportive of the newly independent nations that had once made up the former Spanish empire in the Americas.

TRUE

The greatest political debate of the nineteenth century revolved around the possibility of new western states becoming slave states.

TRUE

The extension of the boundaries of the United States is an example of the federal government's diplomatic accomplishments during the era. Identify the region that the United States gained as a result of the Transcontinental Treaty.

The Transcontinental Treaty between Spain and the United States clarified boundaries of the Louisiana Purchase, and arranged for the transfer of Florida to the United States in exchange for $5 million.

Which of the following were among the major diplomatic accomplishments of the United States from 1815 to 1828?

The United States asserted that European nations could no longer colonize in the Americas. The United States acquired Florida from Spain.

Identify the circumstance that required a "second" Missouri Compromise.

The pro-slavery faction at the Missouri convention included a provision banning free blanks and mulattoes in the proposed state constitution. However, this violated the Constitution of the United States because citizens of many other states already included free blacks.

Tallmadge Amendment

This was an attempt to have no more slaves to be brought to Missouri and provided the gradual emancipation of the children of slaves. In the mind of the South, this was a threat to the sectional balance between North and South.

After the War of 1812, nationalists such as James Madison advocated for which of the following things?

a larger army and navy, the creation of a second national bank, tariffs, internal improvements

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

banned slavery north of the Ohio River

infrastructure development in the West

build "internal improvements" needed for speedier travel and shipment of goods

the South

cash crop agriculture and slavery

the West

cheap land and improvements in transportation

Raising price of federal land

distribute revenue to finance state infrastructure projects

Missouri Compromise of 1820

gave statehood to Maine and Missouri in response to sectionalism

Put in chronological order the events surrounding the "Era of Good Feelings."

president James Monroe is elected. The Panic of 1819 begins The Missouri compromised is passed Missouri Gains statehood

the Northeast

shipping and commerce

Southwest Ordinance of 1790

slavery in the territory south of the Ohio River was permitted under this Ordinance