U.S. History Final
Republican Motherhood
"A woman can best support the nation by cultivating virtue within her household." What principle or movements would the speaker most likely support?
Horatio Gates
"I was originally the commander of the southern forces, but I was defeated at the Battle of Camden"
Spanish
"If the natives do not submit to our total and absolute authority, we will destroy them and take their lands," The above statement is most representative of which group of European explorers?
Charles Sumner; Republican Party
"In 1856, the caning of ________ in the Senate chamber, in response to his antislavery speech, deepened sectional divisions that, two years earlier, led to the creation of a new political coalition called the __________"
French
"We entered into a mutual exchange of culture with the native peoples before going on our way." The above statement is most representative of which group of European explorers?
African traders, European merchants and American plantation owners all profited from the slave trade
Based on Olaudah Equiano's experience as a slave, which of the following statements is true? A. Slaves were usually pre-purchased and delivered directly to their new owners in the Americas B. Historians estimate that nearly twenty million Africans were captured and transported to the Americas C. Slave hunters sought strong young men and women of child-baring age D. African traders, European merchants, and American plantation owners all profited from the slave trade
the success of plantations was dependent on a permanent and identifiable labor supply
Choose the statement that best describes why slavery became racialized in the Americas. A. African workers refused to work for a wage in the Americas, so they were enslaved. B. The success of plantations was dependent on a permanent and identifiable labor supply C. The idea of chattel slavery remained rare in Africa and Europe, and the New World followed suit. D. African nations began to outlaw slavery, and slave traders sought a new market for slaves
a member of the Whig party
Consider the following statement: "I view the federal government as the most important mechanism for economic development" Which of the following people might have been most likely to make this statement? A. Andrew Jackson B. A member of the democratic party C. A member of the Whig party D. Martin Van Buran
culture
Ephraim gives a presentation on the Vietnam War and how it changed the way war is depicted in movies, television and images. Which of the following is most likely a lens with which he is analyzing the past? culture race economics technology
balanced
Followers of the Enlightenment in England and its colonies believed that power must be ____________ to best protect individual liberty.
class
Gerald gives a presentation on the U.S. Constitution that argues that the primary motivation of its creators was to protect private property. What is most likely a lens with which he is analyzing the past?
by sending four thousand additional troops to Boston
How did Britain respond to colonial protests against the Townshend Acts?
most colonists still save themselves as loyal subjects of the King
How did English colonists view their relationship with the king at the beginning of the Revolutionary War?
they created pseudo-scientific arguments regarding the intellectual capacity of those of African descent
How did intellectual leaders like Thomas Jefferson and Dr. Samuel George Morton justify the legal differences between whites and blacks?
slavery became an issue of race in a way it wasn't before
How did slavery change because of European colonization?
by forcing merchants to turn back in England before tea could be unloaded and taxed.
How had royal officials in other colonies prevented riots similar to the Boston Tea Party?
Commodification
In North America, beaver pelts became extremely valuable to European traders. Which concept does this best exemplify?
there were far fewer slaves in this region
In what way did slavery in the Northern colonies differ from the Southern colonies in the 18th century?
"I realized that if I divided my troops, I could defeat the British army"
Nathaniel Green was an important figure in the Revolutionary War. Select the statement that correctly identifies him. A."I realized that if I divided my troops, I could defeat the British army" B. "I was in command of the military government in Charleston after the Americans' largest loss of the war." C. "I commanded the military government in Charleston after our troops forced its surrender" D. "To sustain the Revolution through the winter months, I launched surprise attacks at Trenton and Princeton"
iron tools
Native Americans increased their production of shell beads, which they used as jewelry and as currency, in response to which European goods being introduced?
external taxation
Prior to 1767, most colonists believed that Parliament had the authority to use taxation of Atlantic trade as a means of regulating the empire and supporting the mother country. Which form of taxation does this represent?
Lincoln was concerned that they could face more severe consequences from southerners than white soldiers
Read an excerpt from Lincoln's 1864 speech in Baltimore: "Having determined to use the negro as a solider, there is no way but to give him all the protection given to any other solider. The difficulty is not in starting the principle, but in practically applying it, it is a mistake to suppose the government is indifferent to this matter, or is not doing the best it can to regard to it." What does Lincoln's speech reveal about the participation of Black soldiers in the Civil War?
widespread ownership of land
Read the quotation about a vision for American society after the American Revolution. "An equality of property, with a necessity of alienation, constantly operating to destroy combinations of powerful families, is the very soul of a republic--while this continues, the people will inevitably possess both power and freedom; when this is lost, power departs, liberty expires, and a commonwealth will inevitably assume some other form." According to this speaker, what is at the root of republican society?
Relationships between native tribes were transformed as weaponry eliminated the power imbalance between the weak and the strong
Some Native Americans received advanced weaponry, like muskets, from European traders. What was an effect of this exchange?
The Catholic English monarch and his supporters, and Protestant English aristocrats who feared a strong centralized government
The Glorious Revolution of 1688-1689 was the result of a dispute between which two groups?
King George hired German mercenaries to enforce order in the colonies
What action happened in response to the Olive Branch Petition of 1775?
"it is time to reject traditional ties to Great Britain's institutions and create our own denominations"
What best represents the cultural attitudes associated with the Second Great Awakening?
much of the land was claimed by Native Americans, who were forced to give it up
What complicated Jefferson's ability to create an "empire of liberty" in the west?
strict race-based laws were passed to control perceived threats
What describes slavery in the Southern colonies in the 18th century?
The government of the Dominion of New England was overthrown by colonists
What event happened in response to the Glorious Revolution of 1688-1689?
the Homestead Act
What event resulted in western lands being given away for a nominal fee to independent adults who could improve on them?
The fear that the government would be used to redistribute wealth
What fears led in part to the creation of a republic instead of a democracy?
a golden age was spurred, in which art and literature flourished
What impact did gold and silver found in the Americas have back in Spain?
a strong commitment to universal literacy
What is characteristic of Puritanism?
Electors, rather than individual voters, cast votes for president and vice president
What is one way that the newly drafted Constitution reflected the principles of republicanism?
southerners were unjustly deprived of property rights by restrictions on where slaves could be owned
What justifications did southern states give for secession?
Britain had captured hundreds of American ships trading with the French
What led in part to the creation of Jay's Treaty between the United States and Great Britain in 1794?
King Charles II settled political unrest in England by waging war against the Dutch, a common enemy
What led to England's acquisition of the middle colonies?
many Loyalists remained faithful to King George because of ideology or personal factors
What motives was common among Loyalists?
Lincoln's original goal was to preserve the Union even if slavery remained
What statement about Lincoln's actions and intentions during the Civil War is true? A. Lincoln hoped the Emancipation Proclamation would get one or two border states to switch sides. B. Lincoln's original goal was to preserve the Union, even if slavery remained C. Lincoln wanted the war to end, even if it meant acknowledging the Confederacy D. Lincoln was eager to end slavery and make freed slaves politically equal
elements of white supremacy reinforced perceptions that America belonged to white men
What was a cause of Indian Removal from the American south?
a network of colonial communication used to plan protests of new parliamentary legislation
What was a committee of correspondence?
the proliferation of magazines, pamphlets, and books
What was a factor that facilitated Enlightenment thinking in the colonies?
free labor ideology influenced individuals to believe that they could improve their social class with hard work, education and discipline
What was a major economic shift in the North in the early 19th century?
Admission of California into the Union as a free state
What was a provision of the Compromise of 1850 that appealed to northerners?
Efforts to convert Native Americans to Protestantism sometimes led to conflict
What was a source of tension between English colonists and Native Americans?
they wielded enough influence to tip the balance of power in North America in favor of or against the English
What was one way in which Native Americans challenged English colonial domination in North America?
it was a higher-than-normal federal tax on imports, which was generally viewed favorably by the northern states
What was the 1828 Tariff?
to stabilize the imperial economy by increasing British control of the colonial economy
What was the Currency Act of 1764 meant to accomplish?
A conflict over whether a state had the right to void federal laws it didn't like
What was the Nullification Crisis?
lashings
What was the most common method used by slaveowners to subdue their slaves?
that a small island had no right to rule over a large continent
What was the primary argument of Thomas Paine's pamphlet, Common Sense?
it forbade the further sale of lands west of the Appalachian Mountains
What was the significance of the Proclamation of 1763?
The Atlantic Ocean is smaller than most cartographers at the time believed
When, "in fourteen hundred and ninety-two, Columbus sailed the ocean blue," what hypothesis was he attempting to prove?
Jamestown
Which English colony initially received settlers who were not prepared for the work required to survive in the New World?
England and Holland
Which European nations were Protestant?
the Hopewell
Which civilization had an extensive trade network of waterways?
safety valve
Which element of Manifest Destiny is reflected in the following statement? "Westward expansion will help solidify the economy and the United States as a nation"
the idea that individuals play a role in their own salvation
Which element was a key tenet of the Great Awakening?
New Jersey, Manhattan, and Long Island
Which geographical area was initially explored by the Dutch?
the maya
Which native civilization invented a numerical system to keep records?
Soldiers would compete with colonists for additional employment
Which of the following aggravated the hostility between British troops and colonists? A. Soldiers would often respond to harassment by murdering any colonists who participated B. Natives would take advantage of the existing tension, as they had done with France C. Colonists fortified their own militias to avenge atrocities committed by British soldiers D. Soldiers would compete with colonists for additional employment
The Three-Fifths Compromise. Accounted for slaves in determining the make-up of Congress
Which of the following agreements at the Constitutional Convention is correctly paired with its description? A. The Great Compromise: Created an executive, a legislative and a judicial branch to govern the country B. The Electoral College: Planned for the legislative branch to be comprised of two separate houses C. Three Branches: Established a system for representatives from each state to select the President D. The Three-Fifths Compromise: Accounted for slaves in determining the make-up of Congress
it was essentially a war between England and France that was provoked by English expansion into territories already claimed by French and native tribes
Which of the following best characterizes the French and Indian War? A. It was essentially a war between England and France that was provoked by English expansion into territories already claimed by French and native tribes B. It was essentially a war between Europeans and native tribes, in which the English and French allied against native tribes for land they needed for hunting and settlement C. It was essentially a war between English and Native Americans whom the French supported but of principle because of their own historic rivalry with England D. It was essentially a war between native tribes, supported by France and England who each hoped to gain native support for their own ventures
Riots and effigies against stamp distributors
Which of the following characterizes the response to the Stamp Act by the Sons of Liberty? A. a propaganda campaign condemning the Stamp Act B. a boycott of British goods like tea and linen C. a letter writing campaign to promote colonists' constitutional rights D. riots and effigies against stamp distributors
U.S. Army
Which of the following groups provided southern African Americans with leadership experience after the Civil War? A. Knights of the White Camelia B. Democratic Party C. Redeemers D. U.S. Army
the consolidation of Spanish power over the Iberian Peninsula
Which of the following political factors first motivated Spain to explore the Atlantic World in the 15th century? A. The election of Alexander VI, a native of Spain, as pope B. The consolidation of Spanish power over the Iberian Peninsula C. Land grants that Pope Sixtus IV gave to Portugal in the 1480s D. The Treaty of Tordesillas between Spain and Portugal
"When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another.."
Which of the following quotations--from documents associated with the American, French and Haitian revolutions--exemplifies social contract theory? A. "When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another.." B. "Oh! Landholders of St. Domingo, wandering in foreign countries by proclaiming our independence, we do not forbid you, indiscriminately, from returning to your property." C. "The demands of the citizens may always tend toward maintaining the constitution and the general welfare." D. "The Independence of St. Domingo is proclaimed, restored to our primitive dignity, we have asserted our rights, we swear never to yield them to any power on earth.."
slaves sometimes organized rebellions that resulted in numerous deaths and disrupted the economy
Which of the following represented a challenge to the English colonies by slaves? A. Slaves sometimes organized rebellions that resulted in numerous deaths and disrupted the economy B. a strong divide over the issue of slavery already positioned the northern colonies against the southern ones C. slaves represented a significant percentage of the voting population in the colonies, which was ruled by democracy D. a network connecting slaves throughout the colonies threatened to overthrow the English government altogether
Quakers became some of the first European Americans to reject the practice of slavery in North America
Which of the following statements about Quakers is true? A. Quakers encouraged trade through Philadelphia, but not immigration to their colonies B. Quakers became some of the first European Americans to reject the practice of slavery in North America C. Quakers frequently were intolerant of other religious groups and banished them from the Middle Colonies D. Quakers generally settled in New York after the Dutch relinquished it to the King of England
what had started as tension between colonists and Native Americans escalated into a global war between England and France
Which of the following statements about the French and Indian War is true? A. the war started as a dispute between native tribes, with England and France getting involved on opposite sides to win allegiance from the natives B. what had started as tension between colonists and Native Americans escalated into a global war between England and France C. the war was primarily between the French and certain native tribes, with the English supporting both sides at various points D. though England's government back in London directed much of the war, little money and few troops were sent to help the colonists
The president mustered a militia to enforce federal law and control a rebellion by private citizens
Which of the following statements about the divided political climate during the administration of George Washington and John Adams is true? A. The proposed theory of nullification demonstrated how the government was believed to serve only itself B. American citizens were not allowed to read newspapers or take part in political debates C. The president mustered a militia to enforce federal law and control a rebellion by private citizens D. Adams was believed by many to be an illegitimate president because he did not win in the Electoral College fairly
Partisan newspapers incited criticism of, and dissatisfaction with, the administrations
Which of the following statements about the divided political climate during the administrations of George Washington and John Adams is true? A. The administration of Washington and Adams represented the Anti-Federalist party and its economic policies B. Voters were angered that much of the conflict between the two parties happened in private C. John Adams signed the Alien and Sedition Acts to reverse the positions Washington had held D. Partisan newspapers incited criticism of, and dissatisfaction with, the administrations.
the domestic slave trade was facilitated by the spread of cotton production
Which of the following statements about the domestic slave trade in the 19th century is true? A. the domestic slave trade was facilitated by the spread of cotton production B. most slaves traded domestically were transported to their destination by steam boat C. most slaves sold domestically were transported to the Upper South D. the domestic slave trade was much smaller than the international slave trade during this time
free blacks could vote in many states after the American Revolution, but that right was mostly lost by the 1820s
Which of the following statements about the rise of democracy is true? A. western states modeled their voting laws on those of the eastern states that preceded them into the union B. free blacks could vote in many states after the American Revolution, but that right was mostly lost by the 1820s C. voting rights for women expanded in the early 19th century D. even as voting rights became less strict, fewer than half of all white men could vote by the 1820s
"Every member of the colony must accept Puritanism and live by its rules, whether or not he is a member of the elect."
Which of the following statements best reflects the official attitude toward religious freedom in the northern colonies? A. "Any religion is welcome in this colony, but most settlers are Puritan, and thus the democratic government reflects their beliefs." B. "Puritanism is the official religion of the colony, but individuals may abstain from its rituals and practice other religions privately." C. "Other religions may be present in the colony, but Puritanism must be given pride of place in government." D. "Every member of the colony must accept Puritanism and live by its rule whether or not he is a member of the elect."
"The institution of slavery gives unfair economic advantages to the elite, while degrading the dignity of the white working class"
Which of the following statements best represents Abraham Lincoln's experience of and views on slavery prior to the Civil War? A. "I have a plan that will achieve the end of slavery in our nation and find a place for each black man to build his own life." B. "The institution of slavery gives unfair economic advantages to the elite, while degrading the dignity of the white working class." C. "Skin color should not matter any more than hair color or eye color. A person is a person, and all persons should have the right to vote" D. "Though I wish it were different, the United States must honor the rights of slaveowners in all states, even in the North."
"We want a form of government that will protect the rights of all its subjects"
Which of the following statements best represents agreements between Federalists and Anti-Federalists? A. "We want a form of government that can best respond to local and regional needs." B. "We want a form of government that will protect the rights of all its subjects" C. "We want a form of government that provides a bill of rights that its citizens possess" D. "we want a form of government that will exist primarily in the states."
historians from different eras often disagree on how to interpret the same events
Which of the following statements is true? A. Considering dates, names and locations is the main way of examining historical events B. The writing of history isn't influenced by current social or cultural environments C. Historians have to include all related information, even if it isn't relevant to their narratives D. Historians from different eras often disagree on how to interpret the same events.
Washington D.C. was burned to the ground by British troops during the War of 1812
Which of the following statements is true? A. Washington D.C. was burned to the ground by British troops during the War of 1812 B. Jefferson's embargo on foreign trading crippled the Atlantic economy to the benefit of America C. The Treaty of Ghent included a promise that Britain would end for good the practices of impressment D. The United States was briefly disbanded and reabsorbed into Great Britain
"an abuse of executive powers will lead to a tyrannical government and will not bring about economic growth"
Which of the following statements would most likely have been spoken by a member of the new Whig party? A. "This party is for the common man, the farmer and the laborer." B. "To prevent anarchy, the United States should forge stronger ties to the banks of Great Britain" C. "I do not believe the federal government is responsible for economic growth" D. "An abuse of executive powers will lead to a tyrannical government and will not bring about economic growth."
southerners elected former Confederate officials to Congress
Which of the following supported the criticisms of Presidential Reconstruction by Radical Republicans in Congress? A. Southern states refused to abide by the terms of Presidential Reconstruction B. All men were given the rights to vote, regardless of skin color C. Southern states ratified the 13th Amendment D. Southerners elected former Confederate officials to Congress
Atlantic World
Which of the following terms best describes the raw economic and political relationship that developed between Europe, Africa and the Americas in the 16th and 17th centuries?
Colonists viewed Native Americans as an impediment to their economic expansion
Which of the following was a source of tension between England colonists and Native Americans? A. The Second Anglo-Powhatan War significantly disrupted what had historically been peaceful relations between two groups B. Colonists viewed Native Americans as an impediment to their economic expansion C. The massacre of the Iroquois Confederacy changed Native American and colonial perceptions of one another D. Livestock belonging to Native Americans disrupted English agricultural practices
"The goal of our movement is to return freed slaves to their African homeland"
Which statement best reflects the mission of the American Colonization Society? A. "We support the containment of slavery to the South and the eventual triumph of our economic system" B. "The goal of our movement is to return freed slaves to their African homeland" C. "We protest against racial inequality of all African Americans, whether they be free or slave" D. "We demand an immediate end to slavery as it is a moral sin and a stain on our nation"
"Landowners and farmers provide the foundation for the economy, not merchants and manufacturers."
Which statement most accurately reflects the views of Thomas Jefferson? A. "The Constitution should be interpreted such that Congress has any rights not explicitly withheld." B. "Landowners and farmers provide the foundation for the economy, not merchants and manufacturers." C. "The first thing we must do is honor all of our debts and prove ourselves worthy of credit." D. "I believe we can stabilize the American economy by establishing a national bank"
"According to our principles, only colonial assemblies may impose internal taxes. Parliament only has the authority to regulate commerce."
Which statement represents support for the theory of actual representation? A. "Colonists do not have equal standing before Parliament and are therefore subject to all of its laws." B. "Most British citizens do not meet the property requirements necessary to vote in elections" C. "According to our principles, only colonial assemblies may impose internal taxes. Parliament only has the authority to regulate commerce." D. " Every Englishman is taxed, and many do not send representatives to Parliament."
anger over the results of the election reflected the democratic political changes taking place in the 1820s
Why was the Election of 1824 significant?
they wrote articles and pamphlets opposing the act and nominally denouncing violent responses
how did colonial political leaders like John Adams respond to the Stamp Act?
Organic goods like tobacco were sent back to the specific colony's mother country
what role did New World exports play in the Triangular Trade?
Privateers from other European countries were using Florida as a base from which to attack Spanish ships
what was a key motive for Spain's colonization of Florida?
more developed infastructure
what was an advantage for the Union in the Civil War?
sermons that including stirring descriptions of hell and damnation
what was characteristic of the Great Awakening?
Maryland
which English colony was founded in 1634 as a second source of tobacco production with a charter from King Charles I?
The government was more concerned with religious and political disputes than with sponsoring colonization of the Americas
which factor initially prevented England from establishing permanent colonies in the Americas?
the putting out system allowed merchants to rely on unskilled labor, which cut production costs
which of the following statements about the putting out system is true? A. the putting out system was proposed as an alternative to slave labor and indentured servitude B. the putting out system was burdensome on workers, who had to go through apprenticeships to become journeymen C. the putting out system allowed merchants to rely on unskilled labor, which cut production costs D. the putting out system was instituted by the federal government to gain economic dominance abroad
The way historians write about the same events changes over time
which of the following statements is true? A. history is best described as a timeline of people and events B. the way historians write about the same events changes over time C. names and dates are the most important aspects of studying history D. the same events lead to the same historical narratives
it was driven by a desire for raw materials to enrich and expand European empires
which of the following statements reflects the process of colonization? A. it was driven by a desire for raw materials to enrich and expand European empires B. it began with the Silk Road that connected Europe with Asia C. it accelerated because of the natural advances of the Atlantic region D. it transforms an item into a product with monetary value to buy and sell
furs from animals like beavors
which resource spurred French commercial activity in America?
Immigrants hoped that a period of indentured servitude would lead to a new, prosperous life in the Americas
why did immigrants from England and elsewhere enter into indentured servitude?
