Us history part 3&4

Leaders of the women's suffrage movement included ________________ and Elizabeth Cady Stanton.

Susan B. Anthony. The 19th Amendment was passed in 1920 and gave women the right to vote. Women worked for many years prior to 1920 in what is known as the women's suffrage movement to achieve this right.

_______________ was a twentieth-century pioneer in making contraception legal and available to women

Margaret Sanger. In 1916, Sanger opened the first birth control clinic in the US.

A big concern Progressives fought for was that they wanted to make the national government more responsive to the people. This resulted in the ____ Amendment, which provided for the direct election of senators.

17th. The 17th Amendment provided for direct election of senators. Before this amendment, senators were chosen by the state legislatures.

As a result of the Panic of 1893, a major campaign issue in the election of ____ was whether to have a silver or gold monetary standard. The Republicans supported the gold standard; the Democrats were split into two factions. The Silverites supported currency based on silver, while the goldbugs supported the gold standard.

1896. The Silverites supported the silver standard, while the Goldbugs supported the gold standard.

The 18th Amendment was passed in ____ and banned the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages in the United States.

1919

The ____ Amendment gave women all across the United States the right to vote in 1920.

19th. The 19th Amendment was ratified in 1920. It granted women's suffrage, or the right for women to vote. Before this Amendment, several individual states had already granted suffrage to include Wyoming, Colorado, Utah, and Washington

The 1920 Census reported for the first time that over __ percent of the population lived in cities.

50. The three largest cities, each with a population of over a million, were New York, Chicago, and Philadelphia.

Between 1876 and 1900, the business community, middle class people, and _______-Americans typically backed the Republican Party.

African. The Republican Party could usually count on the support of those groups of people between 1876 and 1900. The Midwest and New England were also predominantly Republican

The goal of the prohibition movement in the early twentieth century was to make the manufacture, transportation, sale, and possession of _________ beverages illegal.

Alcoholic. The Prohibition movement wanted prohibition--which is to make alcoholic beverages forbidden by law. They succeeded with the adoption of the 18th Amendment, which banned the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcohol in the United States.

A big part of President Wilson's _________ policy was the creation of the Federal Trade Commission in 1914.

Antitrust. The Federal Trade Commission was created to control unfair competition in interstate commerce, and it had the power to investigate corporations and issue cease-and-desist orders.

One reform the Progressives pushed for was the initiative, which is a process where citizens can propose a law and get it put on an election ______ for voters to vote on.

Ballot. Normal citizens can propose a law by getting a certain number of voter's signatures on a petition. The reform initiative also included referendum, which is the power of the people to vote on an initiative and make it into law if the legislature is unwilling or unable to do it.

Until legislation was passed to limit it, the spoils system was common practice in the federal government. It was a system where the party that won the presidency would replace many positions in the federal ___________ with members of its own party.

Bureaucracy. The spoils system was around as early as Thomas Jefferson-- it was a way of rewarding loyal party members with positions in the government. The level of corruption and inefficiency bred by the system was so bad during Ulysses S. Grant's presidency that it helped bring about civil service reforms.

The Boxer Rebellion was a revolt by the _______ against foreign influence in China. It was put down by an international force consisting of German, Russian, British, and Japanese troops.

Chinese. The Boxer Rebellion happened at a time when countries such as Great Britain, France, Germany, Russia, and Japan were carving up China into "spheres of influence," where each country had exclusive trading rights. The U.S. wanted to preserve the Chinese Empire and get in on this lucrative market so it helped put down the rebellion.

In the election of 1880, the Republican Party was split into two factions over the campaign issue of _____________ reform.

Civil Service. Civil Service reform was the campaign issue which split the Republicans into two factions--the Half-Breeds and the Stalwarts.

The paper money printed by the Union during the _____ War was called Greenbacks.

Civil. Greenbacks could be redeemed for gold or silver.

Under President Wilson's administration, existing antitrust laws were strengthened with the passage of the _______ Antitrust Act.

Clayton. The Clayton Antitrust Act was passed in 1914. It outlawed specific business tactics such as price discrimination, acquisition of stock in a competing company, and of particular significance was that it stated that farm organizations and labor unions were not covered by these antitrust laws.

_____'s Army was a group of 400 men led by a Populist demanding that the federal government set up a $500 million work project for the unemployed during the Panic of 1893

Coxey. Coxey's Army, led by Jacob Coxey, believed that the government had a responsibility to the citizens for the social costs of depression

Social _________ is the concept of "survival of the fittest society."

Darwinism. Social Darwinism, combined with the popular idea that the United States had an obligation to spread political liberty, Christianity, and civilization to the rest of the world helped encourage and rationalize United States expansion and involvement in world affairs.

In the election of 1896, the __________ Party was split on the campaign issue of a monetary standard.

Democratic. The Democratic Party was split into two factions on the issue of a monetary standard--the Silverites wanted currency based on silver, while the Goldbugs wanted currency based on gold.

The election of President Wilson was significant because it brought the _________ to power for the first time since the Civil War.

Democrats. When President Woodrow Wilson was elected, the Democrats controlled the White House, as well as both houses of Congress. Also of significance was that President Wilson appointed many Southern Democrats to the Cabinet

The Panic of 1893 was a __________ that lasted four years. About twenty percent of the workforce was unemployed, and hundreds of banks closed.

Depression. This was known as the Panic of 1893, and was the result of the bankruptcy of several railroads and the failure of a British bank. The increased silver coinage produced through the Bland-Allison and Sherman Silver Purchase Acts are seen as playing a role. Also, the United States's gold reserves fell dangerously low.

One of the main goals of Progressives was to limit the power of the big city bosses who controlled the political machines. Toward this end, one of the reforms they called for was the ______ primary--an election process which gives the party members a chance to choose the candidates for public office.

Direct. This is known as a 'direct primary,' and was intended to limit the influence the big city bosses had in choosing who the candidates were.

During the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, the United States pursued an aggressive policy of ____________, extending its political and economical influence around the globe. This era was known as the Age of Imperialism.

Expansionism. This was known as the Age of Imperialism. During this time, the United States annexed Hawaii, fought the Spanish-American War, and gained Puerto Rico and Guam.

The Populists were dominated by _______, while the Progressives were dominated by urban middle class people.

Farmers. The Populists consisted mainly of farmers--two of their primary goals were currency reform and government ownership of the railroads, basically issues to benefit farmers. On the other hand, Progressives wanted to improve conditions for the majority; i.e. eliminating corruption in government and controlling big business

One of President Wilson's most important accomplishments in office was the reorganization of the nation's banking system through the creation of the _______________.

Federal Reserve. Under President Wilson's administration, the Federal Reserve System was created under the Federal Reserve Act of 1913. This system involves 12 Federal Reserve banks set up across the United States which acted as "banks for banks." The Federal Reserve Board sets the interest rates charged on loans by these banks.

After the level of corruption and inefficiency during Ulysses Grant's presidency due to the spoils system, Civil Service reform, or a change to the way __________ jobs are given out, was demanded by many Americans.

Government.

The federal ______ tax was authorized by the 16th Amendment.

Income. The 16th Amendment gave Congress the power to collect federal income taxes. When the first federal income tax was passed in 1913, it only applied to 2% of the labor force and its highest rate was 7%.

The Progressive Era lasted from about 1900-1920, and was a time of political and social reforms in response to the problems caused by _________________ and urbanization.

Industrialization. Progressives worked to make businesses more responsible through regulations, improve working conditions in factories, improve living conditions in slum areas, and many other accomplishments to make American society a better and safer place to live.

The United States gained the Philippines by paying Spain 20 million dollars at the end of the Spanish-American War. The Philippines expected the U.S. to grant them independence; when this did not happen, the Philippine ____________, a revolt against American rule, began.

Insurrection. The Philippine Insurrection, which lasted from 1899 to 1902, was a Filipino revolt against American rule.

The assassination of President ______________ finally led to civil service reform with the Pendleton Civil Service Act.

James Garfield. President James Garfield was assassinated in 1881. He was a Half-Breed, who wanted an end to the spoils system, and was killed by a man who declared himself a Stalwart. The country was outraged by his death, and Congress passed the Pendleton Civil Service Act in 1883.

Between 1876 and 1900, there was little difference between the agendas of the Republicans and the Democrats, so party _______ played a big part in which party certain areas voted for. However, New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois were known as swing states--they might vote either Republican or Democrat.

Loyalty. These six states were "swing" states. The Southern states that had once made up the Confederacy could be counted on to vote Democrat, and the Midwest and New England were predominantly Republican, but the swing states could go either way.

The first victory of the Spanish-American War was by a U.S. Navy fleet under the command of Commodore Dewey. His fleet destroyed the Spanish fleet at __________ in the Philippines

Manila Bay. Commodore George Dewey led his fleet to victory in the Battle of Manila Bay on May 1, 1898. The war ended on August 12.

During President William Taft's administration, the ____-Elkins Act was passed in 1910, giving the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) the power to regulate telephone, telegraph, and cable companies.

Mann. The Mann-Elkins Act extended the ICC's power to include regulating telephone, telegraph, and cable companies.

________ was the first state to offer workmen's compensation, which are payments required by law to an employee who is injured or disabled in connection with work.

Maryland. Maryland was the first state to offer worker's compensation in 1902. The federal government offered some of the same protection to federal employees in 1916 under the Workmen's Compensation Act.

_______'s Magazine was one of the most famous muckraking publications in the early 1900s.

McClure. Ida Tarbell's first stories about Standard Oil and John D. Rockefeller were published in McClure's Magazine. Later this series was collected and published in the best selling 1904 book The History of the Standard Oil Company. McClure's also published a series of articles written by Lincoln Steffens in 1902 which exposed political corruption in several American cities.

In 1901, President ________ was assassinated and his Vice President, Theodore Roosevelt, took the oath of office.

Mckinley. President William McKinley was assassinated by an anarchist while he was at a reception in the Temple of Music in Buffalo, New York.

In 1906, two important laws regulating food and drugs--the Pure Food and Drug Act, and the ____ Inspection Act

Meat. The Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act were passed in 1906, the year Upton Sinclair's book "The Jungle" was published. The Pure Food and Drug Act required food and drugs to be accurately labeled, and the Meat Inspection Act enforced sanitary conditions in the meatpacking industry.

The Pendleton Civil Service Act was passed after the assassination of President James Garfield and established a Civil Service Commission to determine which government positions would be filled based on _____ instead of through political appointment.

Merit. The Pendleton Civil Service Act went a long way to improving the quality of federal employees; however, to some extent, the spoils system still exists, especially at the state and local government levels.

Between 1876 and 1900, the country's ________ system was a big concern in politics. The Bland-Allison Act passed in 1878 required the U.S. Treasury to purchase at least two million dollars worth of silver per month.

Monetary. The Bland-Allison Act was secured passage by people who wanted an inflated currency and supported the mining interests in the West who were finding new major deposits of silver. However, treasury officials wanted a restricted currency--they purchased the minimum amount of silver, but did not put the new coins into circulation.

Journalists and writers who searched for and exposed the need for reform were known as __________. They would make Americans aware of problems in society and build public support for change to occur.

Muckrakers. Such journalists and writers were known as muckrakers. One of the most famous and successful works by a muckraker was Upton Sinclair's "The Jungle," which led to federal laws regulating the meatpacking industry.

Shame of the Cities, History of the Standard Oil Company, The Octopus, and the Jungle are famous works of __________, journalists and authors who sought to expose the evils of urban and industrial America.

Muckrakers. These are four of the most famous works of "muckrakers." They were written, respectively, by Lincoln Steffens, Ida Tarbell, Frank Norris, and Upton Sinclair

William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer were two leading American newspaper publishers who used yellow journalism to boost sales of their __________.

Newspapers. William Randolph Hearst's name is often synonymous with 'yellow journalism,' although the term was originally used to describe the style of journalism of Joseph Pulitzer.

The _____ Demands were a series of demands by several Farmers' Alliances made in 1890. They included demands for unlimited coinage of silver, low tariffs, tighter government regulation of transportation and communication, and direct election of senators.

Ocala. The Ocala Demands were later restated by the Populist party in the election of 1892.

The Treaty of _____ of 1898 officially ended the Spanish-American War on December 10, 1898. Puerto Rico and Guam were ceded to the United States, Cuba became an independent country, and the U.S. gained control of the Phillipines in return for $20 million.

Paris. The Treaty of Paris of 1898 is different from the Treaty of Paris of 1783, in which American and British delegations met in Paris to formalize Britain's recognition of the United States of America.

A popular slogan of the ________ Party of the 1890s was "Raise less corn, and more Hell."

Populist. The People's Party was also known as the Populist Party. Mary Ellen Lease, James Weaver and Ignatius Donnelly were leaders of the Populist movement. During the early 1890s the Populists had over a million supporters, primarily in the farm states of the West and South. Populists wanted to change the currency laws to create inflation to reverse the deflation that America had experienced since the end of the Civil War.

The ________ Party, also known as the People's Party, was formed in 1892 and consisted mainly of farmers. Their platform included the Ocala Demands, as well as support for an eight hour workday and stronger restrictions on immigration.

Populist. The Populist Party was dominated by farmers. Its candidate was James Weaver in the 1892 election, who wasn't elected, but he managed to get 22 electoral college votes and more than one million popular votes.

By 1915, ___________ forces had established an important principle of governance - home rule, or the right of cities to draw up their own charters and govern municipal affairs

Progressive. Home rule allows self-government in local matters by a city or county. For example, a city may decide whether or not it will provide a public transportation system, public health care, or parks and recreational facilities.

The NAACP was started by white ____________ and African-Americans working for equality for blacks. Its attorneys fought many cases to fight prejudice and promote equality.

Progressives. The NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) used the courts to try to achieve its means. For example, in Guinn v. United States, its attorneys were able to convince the Supreme Court to strike down the grandfather clause preventing blacks from voting in Maryland and Oklahoma

_____________ was an urban, middle-class reform movement that supported making businesses more responsible through regulations, and having the government take a bigger role in the welfare of the public.

Progressivism. The Progressives ended up forming a political party in 1912, but the movement also had the support of many Republicans and Democrats

One reform Progressives pushed for was initiative, the power of citizens to propose new legislation. This is related to another reform they called for-- __________, which is the power of citizens to vote on an initiative and make it into law

Referendum. A referendum gives citizens the power to vote on an initiative and make it into law if the state legislature is unwilling or unable to enact it.

Recall is a reform the Progressives pushed for--it is a process giving voters the power to ______ elected officials from office.

Remove. A 'recall,' and allows citizens to remove an elected official from office through petition and a vote.

Anti-alcohol reform, which started before the Civil War, was not very successful until 1893, when the Anti-______ League was formed.

Saloon. The Anti-Saloon League, formed in 1893, did not try to convince people to stop drinking. Its goal was prohibition, and it accomplished this with support from Protestant churches by working to get only "dry" candidates into public office.

Civil service reform was a big political issue after Ulysses Grant's presidency. The __________ Party was split into two factions on this issue--the half-breeds wanted an end to the spoils system, while the Stalwarts believed that the spoils system was essential.

Republican. The Half-Breeds wanted an end to the spoils system. James Garfield, a Half-Breed, ended up being the Republican candidate, with a Stalwart, Chester Arthur, for his vice president.

Woodrow Wilson won the election of 1912 because the __________ Party vote was split

Republican. The Republican Party vote was split when Theodore Roosevelt left the Republican Party to form the Progressive Party. The current president, William Taft, was the candidate for the Republican Party, and it was this split which allowed Wilson to win with a mere 42% of the popular vote.

Theodore Roosevelt left the __________ Party and formed the Progressive Party in the election of 1912.

Republican. Theodore Roosevelt formed the Progressive Party, also known as the Bull Moose Party in 1912 when the Republicans chose William Taft as their candidate for a second term in office.

In the late nineteenth century, the one issue that seriously divided the Republican and Democratic parties were tariffs. The ___________ favored high tariffs to protect American industry.

Republicans. The Republicans favored high tariffs, while the Democrats favored low tariffs to reduce prices. Tariffs are taxes on imported goods.

Between 1876 and 1900, the country's monetary system was not very controlled--there were many different forms of paper currency in circulation in addition to gold and silver. Some people supported a __________ currency, which they felt would keep the economy stable and prices low.

Restricted. Supporters of a restricted currency believed that limiting the money supply would be good for the economy and would keep prices from going up. They were opposed by supporters of an inflated currency, who believed that increased money supply would help people pay off debts and increase prices for farm products.

Captain Alfred Mahan wrote "The Influence of _________ upon History" in 1890, which states that the country's navy determined its greatness, since a great navy allowed a country to take a decisive role in shaping history.

Sea Power. Captain Alfred Mahan's ideas influenced men such as Theodore Roosevelt, who at that time was Assistant Secretary of the Navy.

The Bull Moose Party was a popular name for the Progressive Party. Their platform called for direct election of ________, women's suffrage, a ban on child labor, greater regulation of trusts, and presidential primaries.

Senators.

Alaska was purchased from Russia in 1867, and many people at the time referred to it as ______'s Folly.

Seward. People called that purchase "Seward's Folly," unable to believe that Secretary of State William Seward had pushed so hard to buy a big icy piece of land.

The _______ Silver Purchase Act was passed in 1890 to supplant the Bland-Allison Act passed in 1878. In addition to practically doubling the amount of silver the government was required to purchase, it made Treasury notes redeemable in gold or silver.

Sherman. The Sherman Silver Purchase Act was repealed in 1893, three years after it was passed, because it threatened to deplete the Treasury's gold reserves, which played a role in the Panic of 1893--a major depression in the United States.

The U.S. battleship Maine blew up in Havana Harbor in 1898. The cause of the explosion could not be determined, but many Americans demanded war with _____ as a result of that incident.

Spain. The battleship Maine exploded, killing 260 men. Two months after this incident, the United States went to war with Spain.

Yellow Journalism distorts or exaggerates the news to attract readers and create a sensation. It played a major role in stirring up anti-Spanish sentiment in the United States and getting the nation into the ________________ War.

Spanish-American. William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer are two of the first, and most famous American newspaper publishers associated with the use of yellow journalism.

Theodore Roosevelt believed in what he called the ______ Deal, a concept he had of a society based on fair business competition and increased welfare for needy Americans.

Square. Theodore Roosevelt's Square Deal was his concept of the government's responsibility towards social problems and regulating big business.

Hawaii was annexed and became a U.S. _________ in 1898

Territory. The Hawaiian Islands were annexed by the U.S. in 1898. This happened because Americans controlled many of the sugar plantations and government positions, and when Queen Liliuokalani tried to reassert Hawaii's sovereignty, Americans there staged a coup and proclaimed The Republic of Hawaii, which the U.S. later brought into the Union.

In the Spanish American War, __________________ led a cavalry regiment known as the Rough Riders in Cuba.

Theodore Roosevelt

President __________________ was the first president to actively promote conservation of the country's national resources.

Theodore Roosevelt. During President Theodore Roosevelt's administration, millions of acres were set aside as national forests and many new national parks were created

President __________________ earned a reputation as a "trustbuster." While he was in office, 44 antitrust actions were filed against some of the largest corporations in the U.S..

Theodore Roosevelt. President Theodore Roosevelt had a reputation as a 'trustbuster.' However, he preferred to regulate corporations if possible, instead of destroying them.

One of President Wilson's campaign promises was to lower tariffs. He kept this promise with the _________-Simmons Tariff Act of 1913.

Underwood. The Underwood-Simmons Tariff Act of 1913 was the first law to substantially lower rates in 50 years. It made up for the reduced rates by implementing the federal income tax, which was authorized by the 16th Amendment.

The Niagara Movement was started in 1905 by ______________ and called for equality for blacks. This group later joined with the NAACP.

W.E.B. Du Bois. The Niagara Movement was started in 1905. It ended up joining with the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), which was successful in making progress with legal challenges for equality.

___________________ succeeded Theodore Roosevelt as President, and during his administration filed twice the number of antitrust suits as Roosevelt, including one against Standard Oil, whose break up was ordered by the Supreme Court in 1911.

William Howard Taft. William Howard Taft more vigorously enforced anti-trust legislation, although Theodore Roosevelt was the one known as the 'trustbuster.' Standard Oil was broken up under the Sherman Antitrust Act in 1911.

_____________ was a famous philosopher and psychologist; he is most remembered for his 1907 book entitled Pragmatism.

William James. Pragmatism emphasized the importance of evaluating ideas based on their consequences. Truth for James was not fixed and unchanging but it was instead invented and created by human activity. He believed that if an idea works it is a true idea.

In the election of 1912, Theodore Roosevelt ran under the Progressive Party, and ______________ ran under the Democratic Party; however, they both had progressive philosophies. Roosevelt called his philosophy New Nationalism

Woodrow Wilson. Roosevelt's philosophy was called "New Nationalism." He believed that big business was necessary, and that the federal government should regulate, not destroy big business. Woodrow Wilson's philosophy was called "New Freedom," and involved eliminating trusts.

The "_____" south (states of the former Confederacy), recent immigrants, and Catholics typically voted for the Democratic Party between 1876 and 1900.

solid

_____ agreed to voluntarily limit the number of its people emigrating to the United States in what was known as the Gentlemen's Agreement.

japan