US History- reconstruction era

What did the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments achieve?

"reconstruction amendments"; 13th abolished slavery; 14th gave citizenship to all people born in the US and equal protection under the law; 15th gave african american men the right to vote

Why did support for Reconstruction decline?

-many americans forgot about the war and were focusing on their own lives -many also called for withdrawal of federal troops and full amnesty for the south -grant was a moderate and was elected president -hayes was elected president in 1876 and removed federal troops in the south to stop reconstruction

The 10% plan required that

10% of a state's voters take a loyalty oath to the Union

literacy tests, grandfather clauses, and poll taxes are just some ways in which state governments limited ____ after reconstruction

15th amendment

What are some reasons why Republicans came to dominate government by 1870?

Because (over 1500) african americans, both free and formerly enslaved, could now vote and run for office. millions of new voters were supportive of the Republican Party. and "Scalawags and Carpetbaggers"

What does Hayes' election have to do with the end of Reconstruction?

Federal intervention ended in the South.

Why was Johnson impeached in 1868?

He (tried to) fired the secretary of war (which he was not allowed to do as it violated the Tenure of Office Act). However, he was not removed from office.

How would you describe Johnson's approach to Reconstruction? Why did he come in to conflict so often with Congress?

He formulated a lenient plan, based on Lincoln's earlier 10% plan, to allow the Southern states to begin holding elections and sending representatives back to Washington; he vetoed/was against several pieces of Reconstruction legislation; Congress wanted to give southerners/former confederates a harsher punishment.

How did Abraham Lincoln's plan differ from Andrew Johnson's?

Lincoln's plan included the Freedman's bureau, the 10% Plan. and no guarantee for political and social equality. Johnson's plan was against the Freedman's bureau, a "Government for white men" (white supremacy), states should decide on rights and freedoms (allowed states to proceed with the Black Codes), and was against the right to vote, full citizenship, and civil rights.

Land distribution in the south led to many economic problems. How was land distributed after the Civil War?

Most land was owned by wealthy white people.

What was the 10% plan?

Plan of Lincoln's where ten percent of a state's voters take a loyalty oath to the Union to reapply as states

Which court case established "separate but equal" after Reconstruction (in 1896)?

Plessy v. Fergueson

What are scalawags and carpetbaggers?

Scalawag was a white southerner who joined the republican party after the civil war. Carpetbaggers were northerners who moved to the south after the civil war to improve their economic or political situation.

What is sharecropping? Share tenancy? Tenant farming?

Sharecropping = people allowed other people to stay in their homes and give them a place to live in exchange for them working the land/growing crops for them, however, the land owners took at least half of the crops. Share tenancy = worker chooses crops, buys their own supplies, grew more food for their family, and rent paid with crops. tenant farming = worker rents land for money (more freedom, less chance of being exploited)

Reflect on the meaning of this quote and consider what he means by "moment in the sun" and "move back towards slavery": "The slave went free; stood a brief moment in the sun; then moved back again toward slavery." - W.E.B DuBois

Some freed slaves could not find work so they went back to their previous 'owners' to be employed. However these employers were (likely) taking advantage of these people, essentially enslaving them again.

What are some reasons Reconstruction came to an end? Did it achieve all the goals?

The Compromise of 1876 ended the Reconstruction era. Southern Democrats' promises to protect the civil and political rights of Black people were not kept, and the end of federal interference in southern affairs led to widespread disenfranchisement of Black voters. Northerners lost support because the cost of military operations in the South worried many people. Its goals were to bring the southern states back into the Union, guarantee rights to former slaves, and define new relationships between African Americans and whites.

What was the outcome of the impeachment proceedings? (was he removed from office or not?)

The House impeached the president, but the Senate failed to remove him from office.

How did Andrew Johnson differ from the Radical Republicans?

The Radical Republicans included the Freedman's Bureau; was for voting rights, full citizenship, equal protection under the law, and desegregation; wanted at least 50% Plan; was for land confiscation

How did Reconstruction impact the South? How did it impact the whole country?

The South's first state-funded public school systems, more equitable taxation legislation, laws against racial discrimination in public transport. It impacted the whole country because of the restoration of the Union, transformation of southern society, and enactment of progressive legislation favoring the rights of freed slaves.

What are some ways in which freed people were able to rebuild their lives? Why were these developments significant?

They could get married, they were able to build/buy their own homes that were not controlled by their 'owners', they could actually get paid for their work, they could get educated, could go to churches for help, and could vote and hold office. It was one step further to equal rights and

Why was the Radical Republican Plan considered "radical"? be specific

They had ideas outside of the 'norm' = their opposition to slavery; wanted to give freed slaves homesteads, economic independence, and the right to vote; and critical towards many policies of both Lincoln and Johnson.

How did the federal government try to address racial terrorism?

They made the enforcement acts which prevented the use of force or coercion to prevent citizens from voting. violators of this act were fined at least $500 and imprisoned for a minimum of one month.

What is the KKK? Why did it form? What was its goal during Reconstruction?

White terrorist groups that enforced unfair laws and codes. used violence to prevent freed people from voting. its goal was to prevent equality and enforce white supremacy.

Hiram Revels

first african american to serve in U.S. Congress. Senator elected to the seat that had been occupied by Jefferson Davis when the South seceded.

What effect did sharecropping have on the South after the war?

kept freed slaves economically disadvantaged. They were not paid money for their labor and received just a portion of the crop as their 'pay'. This kept them dependent on the landowners.

what was the Freedman's Bureau?

organization that provided food, clothing, homes, healthcare, and education for freed slaves

during reconstruction, groups such as the KKK

used violence to prevent freed people from voting

The radical reconstruction plan

was intended to punish the south