US History - STAAR Questions - Gurerro Fall Final
Which benefit resulted from the introduction of the Bessemer steel process? F Mechanical reapers to replace horse-drawn reapers G Stronger and cheaper material for railroads and bridges H Transistors for radios J Electric lightbulb
G
Q- Which of the following directly contributed to the economic instability of the United States in 1929? A The implementation of a personal income tax B Overspeculation in the stock market C New regulations on banking D The elimination of import tariffs
b
Q- Which of the following was a significant effect of New Deal legislation? A Income tax rates fell to historic lows. B The federal government took on new roles. C The regulation of intrastate trade was transferred to the states. D States became the sole enforcers of immigration law.
b
Q- What is the main function of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation? A Assisting banks in recovering unpaid loans B Providing monetary aid to struggling banks C Guaranteeing job security for bank employees D Protecting personal savings in the event of bank failure
d
Q- Which event prompted the United States to enter World War II? A The German annexation of Austria B The Soviet occupation of Germany C The landing of Allied soldiers on Normandy Beach D The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor
d
[As early as 1925, then-Secretary of Commerce Hoover had warned President Coolidge that stock market speculation was getting out of hand. Yet in his final State of the Union Address, Coolidge saw no reason for alarm. Hoover, however, remained fearful. Even before his inauguration, he urged the Federal Reserve to halt "crazy and dangerous" gambling on Wall Street by increasing the discount rate the Federal Reserve charged banks for speculative loans. He asked magazines and newspapers to run stories warning of the dangers of rampant speculation. But Presidents in 1929 were not supposed to regulate Wall Street, or even talk about the gyrating market for fear of inadvertently setting off a panic, and Hoover backed off. —Richard Norton Smith and Timothy Walch, "The Ordeal of Herbert Hoover," 2004] Q- The economic conditions described in this excerpt contributed to — F a global economic depression G an increase in foreign investments in the U.S. market H the adoption of the gold standard J an increase in free market activity
f
[In 1890, Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan, a lecturer in naval history and the president of the United States Naval War College, published The Influence of Sea Power upon History, 1660-1783, a revolutionary analysis of the importance of naval power as a factor in the rise of the British Empire. Two years later, he completed a supplementary volume, The Influence of Sea Power upon the French Revolution and Empire, 1793-1812. —Milestones: 1866-1898, Office of the Historian, U.S. Department of State, history.state.gov (accessed October 31, 2013)] Q- Mahan's books influenced U.S. efforts to become a world power primarily by — F advocating overseas expansion G emphasizing the need for protectionist tariffs H demonstrating the political risks of foreign trade J arguing against forming overseas alliances
f
[This 1917 poster depicts a worker in a shipyard.] Q- This poster could be used to support which assertion? F Demand for labor in war industries helped increase employment. G Use of new war technologies required extensive training. H Conscription caused a shortage of laborers during wartime. J Standardization of parts helped streamline the production of munitions.
f
Q- In response to public concern over issues raised by Upton Sinclair's The Jungle, the federal government expanded its role in — F working with labor unions to increase worker salaries G taking responsibility for the safety of consumers H setting limits on the growth of private industry J implementing social welfare programs
g
Q- This legislation affected how federal employees were hired. The law now required government jobs to be — F based on the political party affiliation of the applicant G determined by a merit system based on civil service examinations H based on the approval of lawmakers J set aside for business executives of large corporations
g
Q- What was the main effect of the changes shown in this graph on the western United States? F Immigration from Europe to western U.S. cities increased rapidly. G Western U.S. businesses traded more efficiently with the East Coast and Europe. H Asian businesses bypassed the West Coast to trade directly with the East Coast. J Western states recruited guest workers from the Caribbean and South America.
g
Q- Which inference about the 1920s is supported by this illustration? F Women confronted discrimination in employment and education. G Women challenged traditional attitudes and social norms. H Reform organizations targeted women's issues. J Mass media reflected trends popular in rural communities.
g
Q- Which of the following does this event celebrate? F The economic impact of the music industry G The global diffusion of an original form of music H Improved acoustic qualities of recorded music J The relationships between different types of music
g
Q- Which of the following is an example of fulfilling a civic responsibility? F Interviewing for employment G Reporting for jury duty H Collecting donations for charities J Preserving records of ethnic ancestry
g
[These photographs are of the same student at Carlisle Indian School during the late nineteenth century.] Q- Which word best explains the changes shown in these photographs? F Immigration G Assimilation H Nullification J Nativism
g
- Escape from religious persecution• Hope for freedom and equality - Hope for better economic conditions - Escape from political turmoil and war Q- A high school teacher wrote these bullet points on the whiteboard. What was the most likely topic of discussion? F Goals of U.S. assimilation policies G Objectives of the Grange movement H Reasons for immigration to the United States J Principles of social Darwinism
h
A song for the grand old Temp'rance tree, That is bearing goodly fruit!Its blessings ev'ry where we see,We praise it, branch and root. We'll plant it wherever rum shops are, In our native land so far,Till its noble branches spread afarOn the golden sunny air! Oh! we'll gather roundThe Temp'rance tree,And sing our songs of joy.Till the viper that is in the cup, Shall no more destroy! Till the viper that is in the cup, Shall no more destroy! Q- These lyrics are representative of a movement that culminated in a constitutional amendment during the — F Harlem Renaissance G New Deal H Reconstruction era J Progressive Era
j
Q- Some of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal programs were declared unconstitutional when the Supreme Court held that they — F required U.S. cooperation with foreign nations G prevented equal access to the judicial system H granted privileges to religious organizations J infringed on powers reserved to the states
j
Q- These achievements illustrate Ida B. Wells's contributions as — F a religious leader G an artist of the Harlem Renaissance H a supporter of Prohibition J an advocate of equality
j
[In the last half of the nineteenth century, the United States experienced vast industrial growth. A new class of wealthy entrepreneurs and a prosperous middle class emerged. Factory jobs also increased to meet production demands.] Q- Which demographic change in the United States is most associated with this transformation? F Increased property values in rural areas G Increased life expectancies in urban areas H Increased birth rates in rural areas J Increased migration to urban areas
j
[The Allied and Associated Governments, however, require, and Germany undertakes, that she will make compensation for all damage done to the civilian population of the Allied and Associated Powers and to their property during the period of the belligerency of each as an Allied or Associated Power against Germany. —The Treaty of Versailles, Article 232, June 1919] Q- One reason this provision was included in the Treaty of Versailles was to — F create a democratic government in Germany G divide Germany into smaller states to be governed by Allied countries H grant independence to all German colonies J weaken the power of Germany in the international community
j
[The right of citizens of the United States, who are eighteen years of age or older, to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of age. —Twenty-Sixth Amendment, U.S. Constitution] Q- This amendment gained support based on the belief that people should have the right to vote if they are old enough to — F drive motorized vehicles G serve as members of juries H pay federal income taxes J be drafted into the military
j
Which example best defines a historical era? A A collection of art by a world-renowned artist B A period of time characterized by certain political, social, or economic events C A genre of music specific to a region of a country D A piece of landmark legislation passed during a congressional session
b
Q- How did the creation of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation change the nature of banking in the United States? A The government began to guarantee bank deposits. B Depositors could transfer investments without penalties. C Depositors were guaranteed minimum interest rates on savings accounts. D The government required taxpayers to open savings accounts.
a
Q- This 1924 cartoon satirizes a scandal that led to — A public disappointment over revelations of government corruption B widespread dissatisfaction with a lack of economic development C public frustration with government neglect of the working class D widespread anger over excessive partisan politics
a
Q- Which headline describes the primary issue faced by the federal government at the onset of the Great Depression?
a
The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution increased the power of the executive branch by — A allowing the president to use military force without a declaration of war by Congress B authorizing the president to choose the Senate Majority Leader C allowing the president to introduce bills to Congress D expanding the president's right to executive privilege
a
Which numbered territory did the United States gain by winning the Spanish-American War? a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4
a
Which phrase describes a major goal of the Federal Reserve Act of 1913? A To provide stability for the national economy by creating a central banking system B To raise money for wartime needs by selling government bonds C To give incentives for U.S. entrepreneurs by offering low-interest loans D To encourage competition in U.S. industry by breaking up corporate trusts
a
[As social conditions become more equal, the number of persons increases who, although they are neither rich enough nor powerful enough to exercise any great influence over their fellow-creatures, have nevertheless acquired or retained sufficient education and fortune to satisfy their own wants. They owe nothing to any man, they expect nothing from any man; they acquire the habit of always considering themselves as standing alone, and they are apt to imagine that their whole destiny is in their own hands. —Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America, 1835] Q-Which American value is described in this excerpt? A Individualism B Populism C Liberty D Laissez-faire
a
_______?_______ - To present new concepts for established products and ideas - To introduce new technology that replaces existing products - To organize and manage an enterprise with some personal risk Q- Which title best completes this list? A Roles of Entrepreneurs B Goals of the Federal Reserve C Objectives of Trade Union Leaders D Responsibilities of Business Professors
a
Read the list and answer the question that follows. Selected Achievements of Marcus Garvey - Founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association - Established the Black Star Line steamship corporation - Established the weekly newspaper Negro World for people of African descent Q- How did Marcus Garvey MOST impact African Americans in the early 1900s? a) By desegregating schools and urban neighborhoods b) By urging blacks to accept low-paying jobs and social inequality c) By promoting black cultural pride and economic independence d) By supporting the use of violence to overthrow government and win reforms
c
What was the main purpose of this World War II poster? A To persuade citizens to enlist in the armed forces B To inform citizens about the wartime dangers facing the nation C To encourage citizens to volunteer to help support the war D To notify citizens of mandatory programs for national security
c
[Commerce makes men independent of each another, gives quite another idea of their personal value, persuades them to manage their own affairs, and teaches them to be successful. . . . No country in the world has a more lively or concerned feeling for property than the United States and nowhere else does the majority display less inclination toward those doctrines which threaten to impair in any way at all the manner in which property is owned. — Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America] Q- Which value important to America's success as a constitutional republic is best illustrated in this excerpt? A Social justice B Populism C Laissez-faire D Egalitarianism
c
Q- Which of the following demonstrates the diffusion of American culture? A The establishment of multinational research centers in Antarctica B The presence of German immigrants in the United States C The establishment of a Saudi Arabian embassy in the United States D The rise of baseball as a major sport in Japan
d
Q- Which sentence best completes this sequence of events? A The temperance movement begins. B Religious schools are granted federal aid. C Protest music becomes a popular genre. D Gospel music gains national attention.
d
[Attorney-General A. Mitchell Palmer conducted a series ofraids. . . . The most spectacular of the "Palmer raids" occurred in January 1920. —"Start-up of the Department and World War I, 1913-1921," U.S. Department of Labor, www.dol.gov (accessed November 21, 2013)] Q- What was the primary reason for the raids described in this excerpt? A To prevent workers from joining labor organizations B To block civil rights advocates from staging public protests C To suppress the teaching of evolution in colleges D To halt the spread of communist ideas by radicals
d
Q- Which of these is the best definition of an era? F A period of time identified by political, economic, or social trends G A series of various changes over many years H A series of events unified by individual or organized protests J A period of time lasting between 10 and 15 years
f
Q- Which statement describes how the Transcontinental Railroad affected the United States during the late 1800s? f) The railroad contributed to the rapid settlement and growth of towns in the West. g) The railroad caused a rapid decline in agriculture and mining in the West. h) The railroad contributed to population growth and increased sharecropping in the East. j) The railroad prompted Congress to buy land and create national parks in the East.
f
Q- Why did the U.S. Senate refuse to ratify the Treaty of Versailles after World War I? F The Senate would not support America's participation in the League of Nations. G The Senate believed the treaty did not punish Germany enough. H The Senate thought the treaty did not have the power to prevent secret alliances. J The Senate could not agree on military disarmament levels.
f
Q- How did the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine affect the role of the United States in the world? f) by establishing military alliances with Asian nations g) By proclaiming a policy of isolationism h) By creating a plan to stop the spread of communism j) By announcing a willingness to intervene in the affairs of Western Hemisphere nations
j
Q- How does the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) continue to affect U.S. citizens? f) By regulating loans made to investors who buy stocks on margin g) By changing interest rates to prevent people from paying higher prices for goods h) By providing financial assistance to elderly people who are retired j) By protecting the savings of bank customers during an economic crisis
j
Q- This cartoon comments on tactics used to — F secure the southern border of California G protect shipping lanes in the Great Lakes H create a defensive alliance with France J obtain control of the Panama Canal Zone
j
Q- Which question is associated with the passage of the Espionage and Sedition Acts during World War I? f) Should industries be allowed to prohibit workers from joining unions? g) Can the government require citizens to purchase war bonds? h) At what age should citizens be required to enlist in a branch of the military? j) Can the government limit the constitutional rights of citizens during wartime?
j
Q- Why did the "Return to Normalcy" agenda of U.S. presidential candidate Warren G. Harding appeal to many voters in the 1920 election? F The public wanted to help rebuild war-torn countries. G There were significant shortages of military supplies. H There was a decrease in demand for consumer goods. J The public wanted to concentrate on domestic economic issues.
j
Study the cartoon and answer the question that follows. ["Look before you eat—and see if you can discover any unadulterated food." ] Q- How did the concerns depicted in this cartoon affect the food industry? a) The food industry increased the cost of products in order to pay for chemical additives. b) The federal government regulated the food industry in order to protect the health of the public. c) The food industry imported more goods from Europe in order to offer customers more choices. d) The federal government passed antitrust legislation in order to increase competition in the food industry.
b
Q- Why were vaccination programs developed during the twentieth century? A To assist doctors in diagnosing injuries B To assist farmers in irrigating crops C To protect agricultural products from insects D To prevent the outbreak of dangerous diseases
d
Read the passage and answer the question that follows. [In the 1896 case of Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court decided that the Equal Protection Clause allowed state governments to apply the "separate but equal" provision to public facilities.] Q- What was one way the decision described in this passage affected the United States in the first half of the twentieth century? f) Minorities were not allowed to attend schools with whites. g) Poll taxes in federal elections were ruled unconstitutional. h) Affirmative action programs were ruled unconstitutional. J) Minorities were not allowed to join the military.
f
______?______ - The rise of militarism upset the balance of power in Europe. - Political interference in the unstable Balkan Peninsula increased tensions throughout Europe. - Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire aligned against France, Russia, and Great Britain. Q- Which of the following is the best title for this list? F Issues Contributing to the Outbreak of World War I G Principal Reasons for U.S. Entry into World War II H Consequences of Twentieth-Century European Isolationism J Economic Rivalries Between Cold War Superpowers
f
Read the excerpt and answer the question that follows. [We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. —Declaration of Independence] Q-What is the meaning of unalienable rights? f) Rights that change over time g) Rights that cannot be taken away or denied h) Rights that only governments can provide j) Rights that cannot be defined and protected
g
[The great rule of conduct for us in regard to foreign nations is in extending our commercial relations, to have with them as little political connection as possible. So far as we have already formed engagements, let them be fulfilled with perfect good faith. Here let us stop. Europe has a set of primary interests which to us have none; or a very remote relation. Hence she must be engaged in frequent controversies, the causes of which are essentially foreign to our concerns. —George Washington, Farewell Address, 1796] Q- Which group followed the advice given in this address? F Expansionists during the Spanish-American War G Isolationists regarding the Treaty of Versailles after World War I H Hawks in Congress during the Vietnam War J Civil libertarians in Congress after the start of the War on Terror
g
Q- How did the Nineteenth Amendment expand the democratic process? F By prohibiting discrimination in voting on the basis of race G By eliminating the poll tax H By prohibiting discrimination in voting on the basis of gender J By lowering the voting age
h
Q- President Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points supported Poland by calling for its — F establishment as a Soviet satellite nation G annexation by Great Britain H establishment as an independent nation J inclusion in one of the larger empires
h
Q- How has the free enterprise system contributed to technological innovation? F Companies have reduced their production of goods. G Companies have limited the number of employees they hire. H Companies have established industry-wide pricing policies. J Companies have competed to make better products.
j
Q- What was a result of the social problems presented in this 1917 political cartoon? F Government leaders introduced health-care reform laws. G Lobbyists focused attention on the power of corporate monopolies. H Women worked to improve conditions in tenement houses. J Progressives worked to ratify a prohibition amendment
j
Study the cartoon and answer the question that follows. Q- Why was the bill in this cartoon important to President Franklin D. Roosevelt? f) He wanted to strengthen the congressional power of impeachment. g) He wanted to strengthen federal judicial authority over state governments. h) He wanted to remove congressional leaders from office. j) He wanted to weaken the power of the judicial branch over the executive.
j
Which result completes this diagram? F Ratification of a suffrage amendment G Building of the transcontinental railroad H Passage of prohibition legislation J Expansion of labor unions
j
Populist Demands in the Late 1800s - Regulation of railroad shipping charges - A graduated income tax - Free and unlimited coinage of silver Q- These demands most reflected the concerns of — A small farmers in need of affordable credit B robber barons pursuing higher profits C prominent bankers who controlled the money supply D immigrant workers seeking economic justice
a
Q- The primary objective of the Dawes Act was to — A promote cultural assimilation of American Indians B turn American Indian reservations into corporate farmland C end warfare between American Indians and the U.S. military D promote American Indian investment in private industry
a
Which of the following identifies two effects of the Harlem Renaissance?
a
Which phrase best explains the popularity of American music in China? A The diffusion of U.S. culture B The result of U.S. free trade agreements C The communist control of government in China D The success of antitrust legislation in China
a
Workers, Aged 10-14 in the United States: 1870 - 1930 (thousands) Q- Which Reason contributed to the trend shown in this table? a) The number of factories using assembly lines decreased. b) a progressive movement worked to stop the use of child labor. c) A political movement worked to lower taxes for businesses. d) the number of people joining labor unions decreased.
b
Q- How did the expansion of railroad transportation most benefit farmers in the United States? A By raising the consumer price of agricultural products B By increasing the variety of locally grown crops C By providing farmers with affordable access to distant markets D By encouraging farmers to form the first agricultural cooperatives
c
U.S. Soldiers During World War I Q- This photograph shows a military tactic that — A made troops more vulnerable to long-range missiles, resulting in heavy casualties B required highly skilled soldiers, resulting in lengthy training periods C made frontal assaults difficult, resulting in long periods of stalemate D required the ability to attack quickly, resulting in a reliance on cavalry forces
c
[Carnegie Library, Sault Sainte Marie, Michigan, c. 1908] Which Andrew Carnegie quotation best explains why he funded libraries like the one in this photograph? A "Under the law of competition, the employer of thousands is forced into the strictest economies, . . . and often there is friction between the employer and the employed." B "The price which society pays for the law of competition, like the price it pays for cheap comforts and luxuries, is . . . great." C "The best means of benefiting the community is to place within its reach the ladders upon which the aspiring can rise." D "This, then, is . . . the duty of the man of wealth: To set an example of modest, unostentatious living, shunning display or extravagance."
c
Q- What effect did the sinking of the Lusitania have on World War I? a) Germany joined the Central Powers. b) U.S. public opinion shifted against Germany. c) Germany refused to join the League of Nations. d) U.S. leaders proposed a military alliance with Germany.
b
Q- What was the purpose of this type of Office of War Information poster? A To provide jobs to unemployed artists during an economic crisis B To help the public understand its role in national security C To encourage young men to join the war effort D To protect civil liberties during times of national emergency
b
Q- Which factor facilitated statehood for the darker-shaded areas? A The introduction of barbed wire throughout the Great Plains B The expansion of railway lines throughout the West C The acceptance of Mormons by other religious sects in the East D The peaceful integration of settlers with American Indian populations
b
Read the list and answer the question that follows. Reasons for the Great Depression - Collapse of the stock market - Loss of consumer confidence - _______?______ Q- Which reason correctly replaces the question mark on this list? A Decrease in interest rates B Failure of banks C Outsourcing of manufacturing jobs D Outbreak of a global war
b
What was a major influence on the popularity of the flapper during the 1920s? A A decline in the number of women working in urban factories B A shift away from the traditional roles of women C An increase in the use of credit and installment plans D A decrease in crime associated with prohibition
b
Which application of a new technology can be attributed to an invention of Thomas Edison? A Refrigerated railroad cars allowed food to be transported long distances. B Light bulbs made it efficient for factory workers to work at night. C Diesel engines were used in the production of airplanes. D Sonar technology was used to track submarines.
b
Q- What was one way the role of women in society changed during the 1920s? a) They were granted the right to attend public schools. b) They were allowed to own property. c) They were allowed increased participation in the political process. d) They were granted the right to serve in military combat units.
c
What was one factor that helped turn the Great Plains into the Dust Bowl in the 1930s? A Paying farmers to plant native grasses B Increased demand for tobacco after World War I C Numerous tornadoes occurring in the region D Intense drought in the region
d
[Increase in Total Population by State, 1900-2000 (millions)] Which factor best explains the population change in California, Texas, and Florida during this time period? A An increase in the number of coal-mining jobs B Fewer environmental protection laws C A lack of a sales tax on consumer goods D An increase in the number of economic opportunities
d
Q- Which benefit resulted from the introduction of the Bessemer steel process? F Mechanical reapers to replace horse-drawn reapers G Stronger and cheaper material for railroads and bridges H Transistors for radios J Electric lightbulb
g
Study the cartoon and answer the question that follows. Q- What was the PRIMARY objective of the actions represented in this 1945 cartoon? f) To stop Japan from cutting off supply lines into China g) To prevent Japan from invading China for natural resources h) To force Japan to accept terms of unconditional surrender j) To punish Japan for its treatment of soldiers at Bataan
h
Study the diagram and answer the question that follows. Q- Which factor contributed MOST to these changes? f) The rising costs of national defense g) Threats posed by immigrant radicals h) Abuses of the spoils system by political machines f) The inefficiency of large corporations
h
Q- What does the motto shown on this seal mean? F "Liberty, Fraternity, Equality" G "Justice for All" H "America First" J "Out of Many, One"
j
What was one immediate result of Henry Ford's manufacturing methods? A Cars became affordable for more people. B Cars required little fuel to operate efficiently. C Cars replaced railroads as the fastest way to ship goods. D Cars could be customized.
a
Which action did the U.S. government take in 1924 to expand the rights of American Indians? A Granting citizenship to American Indians B Establishing private schools for American Indian children C Providing retirement benefits to American Indians D Guaranteeing jobs for American Indians in urban areas
a
Why would a company invest in a time-study analysis? A To diversify the workforce B To improve efficiency C To reduce the amount of goods in storage D To improve relations with inventory suppliers
b
Q- In the late 1800s, Sanford B. Dole contributed to the expansion of the United States by advocating the annexation of — A Puerto Rico B the Panama Canal Zone C Hawaii D the Philippines
c
Q- What was one economic effect of the Spanish-American War? A Shipbuilding industries in the United States declined. B New free and fair trade treaties were established between the United States and developing countries. C The United States gained direct access to additional natural resources and overseas markets. D Demand for coal and petroleum as energy sources declined.
c
Q-What was the goal of the actions on this time line? A To ensure deposits into customer savings accounts B To increase government regulation of business C To end speculation in the stock market D To stabilize the national economy
d
Q- Which diagram shows a cause-and-effect relationship related to the Spanish-American War?
f
During Reconstruction the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments were ratified. Which issue did these amendments address? F Rights for women G Readmission of states to the Union H Rights for former slaves J Presidential impeachment proceedings
h
Study the poster and answer the question that follows. Q- What was the purpose of this World War II poster? f) To persuade women to purchase food ration coupons g) To encourage families to put more money into bank savings accounts h) To encourage citizens to help pay for the costs of the war j)To persuade women to pay for the release of prisoners of war
h
Q- Which statement describes one of the MOST important reasons why the United States annexed the Kingdom of Hawaii a) The islands offered excellent locations for tropical resorts. b) The local residents needed help to prevent the spread of poverty and disease. c) The location was strategically valuable to both military and business leaders. d) The local rulers wanted financial assistance to rebuild after a natural disaster.
C
Q- What was one of the results of the creation of the Civilian Conservation (CCC) during the 1930s? f) State governments took over the responsibility of protecting minority rights. g) The federal government was no longer responsible for protecting natural resources. h) State governments could no longer control their budgets. J) The federal government provided aid to people suffering from unemployment.
J
Q- The Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor developed in response to the — A increased need to protect worker interests B decreased power of political machines C increased demand for skilled workers D decreased profitability of the agricultural sector
a
Q- Which statement best explains how bank failures contributed to the Great Depression? A People lost their savings because the government did not insure bank deposits. B Business could not be done when President Franklin Roosevelt declared a bank holiday. C The interest rates on bank loans were too high. D Foreign investors did not invest enough in U.S. banks.
a
[Urban Mass Transit Vehicles, New York City, 1869-present] Q- How did these developments in transportation most affect the standard of living in U.S. cities? A By increasing the expenses associated with relocation B By giving residents more flexibility in employment C By expanding the options for personal education D By increasing traffic congestion on city streets
b
Q- How did the process shown in this photograph enhance the automobile industry? A By speeding up production of automobiles at lower costs B By requiring only licensed workers to produce the automobiles C By ensuring high-quality automobiles for consumers at higher prices D By developing new designs to test automobile safety standards
a
Read the excerpt and answer the question that follows. [Hence arises the maxim that everyone is the best and the sole judge of his own private interest, and that society has no right to control a man's actions, unless they are prejudicial to the common weal [good] or unless the common weal [good] demands his co-operation. This doctrine is universally admitted in the United States. —Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America] Q- Which U.S. government action is MOST CLOSELY based on this idea? a) The federal government passes laws to protect individual liberties. b) The Supreme Court votes to approve the appointment of presidential cabinet members. c) The Electoral College votes to approve the winner of congressional elections. d) The federal government passes laws to regulate businesses.
a
[The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second Year by the People of the several States. —U.S. Constitution, Article I, Section 2] Q- Which statement from the Declaration of Independence influenced Article I, Section 2 of the Constitution? A "He has affected to render the Military independent of and superior to the Civil power." B "To secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed." C "He has obstructed the Administration of Justice, by refusing his Assent to Laws for establishing Judiciary powers." D "These United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and . . . they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown."
b
Study the image and answer the question that follows. ["Welcome to the Land of Freedom"— An Ocean Steamer Passing the Statue of Liberty, 1887] Q- Why were people like those shown in this image hopeful about their future? a) Nativism and Social Darwinism were expanding in American cities. b) The U.S. social security system provided financial and medical benefits. c) There were many jobs and business opportunities in America. d) American cities had large and comfortable tenement apartment buildings.
c
What was one significant impact of the opening of the Panama Canal? A It helped reduce the spread of communism and socialism in Latin American countries. B It resulted in the signing of the North American Free Trade Agreement. C It increased trade by reducing travel times between the Pacific and the Atlantic Oceans. D It created tension between the United States and Latin American countries over immigration policy.
c
[His 128th Birthday—"Gee,but this is an awful stretch!", 1904] What message about imperialism did this political cartoon convey? A The closer an acquired territory was, the more self-government it should be allowed to exercise. B Imperialism was not likely to improve access to overseas markets. C It was not worth angering European powers to annex new territories. D The farther imperialist expansion extended, the harder it would be for the United States to maintain control.
d
[Thousands of African Americans moved to the Great Plains during the late nineteenth century. Many of them moved to Kansas in what was called the Great Exodus, and the participants were called exodusters.] Q- What was the primary reason the exodusters left the South? A To escape drought conditions B To reunite with family members C To find employment in U.S. wartime industries D To escape oppression and discrimination
d
These photographs show a group of Chiricahua Apache students on their first day of school at the Carlisle Indian School and the same students four months later, 1886-1887. Q- These photographs provide evidence that one goal of the Carlisle Indian School was to — f) restore U.S. citizenship to American Indians g) encourage the study of American Indian religious practices h) protect American Indians from nativist policies j) assimilate American Indians into U.S. culture
j
Q- Which situation does this cartoon from an early 1900s pamphlet illustrate? A The deportation of many Chinese immigrants in the Northwest B The recruitment of Chinese immigrants by large labor unions in the Midwest C The fear in the West of losing jobs to Chinese immigrants D The lack of available resources in the East to support a large influx of Chinese immigrants
c
Read the excerpt and answer the question that follows. ["Do Everything" An all-round movement can only be carried forward by all-round advocates. . . . Our WCTU is a school. . . . Here we try our wings that. . . we may calmly take our places and prove to the world that what it needed most was two heads in counsel as well as "two beside the hearth." When that day comes, the nation shall no longer miss as now the influence of half its wisdom, more than half its purity and nearly all its gentleness, in courts of justice and halls of legislation. Then shall one code of morals—and that the highest—govern both men and women; then shall the Sabbath be respected, the rights of the poor be recognized, the liquor traffic banished, and the home protected from all its foes. —A Handbook for the World's White Ribboners, 1895] Q- How did the White Ribboners contribute to U.S. society during the late 1800s? f) By supporting the movement to end Reconstruction and Jim Crow g) By supporting the movement to end Reconstruction and Jim Crow h) By winning the right to vote for African Americans and immigrants J) By leading efforts to achieve prohibition and women's suffrage
J
- Europeans seek industrial jobs in the United States. - World War I begins. - Nativism resurges in the United States. Q- What was one way the U.S. government responded to this combination of events? A Made labor unions illegal B Passed immigration restrictions C Implemented a military draft D Established a federal income tax
b
Q- The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 was primarily a response to — A increased U.S. presence in China B competition for jobs on the West Coast C rapid population growth in the Northeast D China's actions during the Boxer Rebellion
b
Q- The Social Security Act affected the role of the federal government by — A authorizing the government to impose a flat tax B creating a government-administered benefits program C implementing new regulations on interstate travel D establishing an agency to monitor immigration
b
Q- This cartoon depicts President Woodrow Wilson calling on Congress to — A ratify the Treaty of Versailles B issue a declaration of war against Germany C authorize the use of funds to support Russian revolutionaries D enact trade sanctions against Germany
b
Q- Which action opposed the civil rights advances that the Reconstruction amendments had promised? a) The temperance movement b) The passage of Jim Crow laws c) The passage of antitrust legislation d) The conservation movement
b
Q- Which of the following best characterizes the Gilded Age? A The discovery of goldfields in the West led to an increase in the amount of money issued for circulation. B Industrialists used their connections with corrupt government officials for material gain and political power. C In the Deep South a sharp increase in immigration brought a boom in construction and industry. D Small, family-owned farms were bought and consolidated to form large agricultural corporations.
b
Q- Which outcome best completes this diagram? A A reduction in the use of agricultural pesticides B The conversion of natural habitat to farmland C A decline in the availability of processed foods D The establishment of quality controls on imported foods
b
Q- Which statement best explains how the application of electricity in the early 1900s affected the development of the U.S. economy? A Long-distance travel became more expensive. B College education became more accessible. C Manufacturing processes became more efficient. D Household appliances became more costly.
c
[A homesteader had only to be the head of a household or at least 21 years of age to claim a 160-acre parcel of land. Settlers from all walks of life including newly arrived immigrants, farmers without land of their own from the East, single women and former slaves came to meet the challenge of "proving up" and keeping this "free land." Each homesteader had to live on the land, build a home, make improvements and farm for 5 years before they were eligible to "prove up." A total filing fee of $18 was the only money required. . . . —National Park Service, www.nps.gov (accessed November 14, 2013)] Q- The process described above led to — A peaceful resolution of territorial disputes with American Indians B the establishment of agricultural communities on the American frontier C federal regulation of agriculture D a decline in immigration to urban areas
b
[All who recall the condition of the country in 1890 will remember that . . . the country was in real danger from another kind of slavery . . . that would result from the aggregations of capital in the hands of a few individuals and [businesses] controlling, for their own profit and advantage exclusively, the entire business of the country, including the production and sale of the necessaries of life. —Supreme Court Justice John Marshall Harlan, 1911] Q- In this excerpt, Justice Harlan is warning against — A a civil service based on patronage rather than merit B allowing powerful monopolies to dominate interstate commerce C a lack of federal funding for essential transportation systems D allowing labor unions to interfere with production goals
b
[We conclude that this overpowering, irresistible tendency toward aggregation of capital and increase of size . . . cannot be arrested or even greatly impeded, and . . . instead of attempting to restrict either, we should hail every increase as something gained. . . . —Andrew Carnegie, The Century] Q- The business practice described above eventually led to the enactment of legislation that — A guaranteed public access to corporate records B protected consumers by prohibiting monopolies C protected domestic industries from foreign competition D required reciprocity agreements between state governments
b
Q- In 1919, Charles Schenck was charged with violating the Espionage Act. The Supreme Court ruled that Schenck's actions created a "clear and present danger." How did the decision in this case affect the rights of U.S. citizens? A By establishing restrictions on the right to vote B By protecting the freedoms of religious minorities C By placing limits on freedom of expression D By protecting the rights of accused persons
c
Q- What was one effect of the arrival of the American Expeditionary Forces in Europe during World War I? A Italy left the Central powers alliance. B The heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne was assassinated in Sarajevo. C The Allies were able to launch a major counterattack on the western front. D Russian forces were able to withdraw from the eastern front.
c
Q- What was the MAIN reason tanks were introduced during World War I? a) To locate and remove land mines from the battlefield b) To transport military supplies to the front lines c) To overcome trench defenses and end stalemates d) To monitor enemy troop movements
c
[Issues Regarding the Selection of U.S. Senators Prior to 1913 All senators were chosen by state legislatures, but states used different procedures to select them. Intimidation and bribery of state legislators were often used to influence the selection of senators. Deadlocked legislatures were often unable to select senators, leaving vacancies for several years.] Q- Which of the following was implemented in 1913 to solve these problems? A Each state held party conventions in order to select senators. B A national referendum was held to standardize the procedures for selecting senators. C Open primaries were used to limit the choices of senators who could be confirmed by state legislatures. D A constitutional amendment was ratified that required senators to be elected directly by popular vote.
d
[We claim for ourselves every single right that belongs to a freeborn American, political, civil and social; and until we get these rights we will never cease to protest and assail the ears of America. The battle we wage is not for ourselves alone but for all true Americans. —W. E. B. Du Bois, Niagara Movement Address to the Country, 1906] Q- How did the ideas presented in this address affect the early Civil Rights movement in the United States? A By encouraging African Americans to achieve equality through vocational education B By directly supporting Marcus Garvey's Black Star Steamship Line C By encouraging African Americans to accept Jim Crow laws D By forming the basis for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
d
Agencies Created During the New Deal - Civilian Conservation Corps - Works Progress Administration - Farm Credit Administration• Home Owners' Loan Corporation Q- The goals of these New Deal agencies support the conclusion that the New Deal — F gave the federal government a larger role in the day-to-day welfare of its citizens G forced citizens to participate in federal programs H gave preference to state-run agencies over federally run agencies J forced the federal government to adopt isolationist foreign policies
f
How did the completion of the Transcontinental Railroad contribute to the settlement of the West? F By providing people with access to essential goods G By raising money to build factories along the routes H By giving funds to local leaders to build schools J By establishing military forts along the routes
f
Principles of the World Trade Organization - Grants trading partners "most favored nation" status - Lowers trade barriers through negotiations - Discourages unfair trade practices and encourages competition - Creates trade opportunities for less-developed countries Q- How have these principles most affected U.S. markets? F By stimulating consumer demand for products G By making business transactions costlier H By causing shortages of essential materials J By discouraging coordination among producers
f
Q- During World War I, tanks were used on the western front primarily to — F lead infantry advances across no-man's-land and into enemy territory G destroy railroads and bridges used by enemy troops H release chemical weapons in advance attacks on enemy positions J launch long-range rockets at enemy aircraft
f
Q- The program being promoted by this poster was created to — F assist soldiers when they returned to civilian life G ensure proper schooling for army officers H provide incentives to enlist in the military J encourage recruits to view the military as a career
f
Q- What was the most important diplomatic effect of the Declaration of Independence for the United States? F It allowed foreign governments to officially recognize the United States. G It forced Great Britain to trade with the United States. H It required Great Britain to pay war reparations to the United States. J It allowed the United States to establish immigration quotas.
f
Q- Which action BEST prepares a responsible citizen to vote? f)Staying informed about issues affecting the country and communities g) Defending the country through military service if the need arises h) Getting a high-paying job with health care and retirement benefits J) Participating on a grand jury on a regular basis
f
Q- Which action replaces the question mark on this cause-and-effect diagram? F implements an embargo against Japan G sends ground troops to fight the Chinese H bans the sale of weapons to China J appeases Japanese demands for new territory
f
This excerpt is from a book written by a Norwegian man who immigrated to the United States in the late 1800s. [Then west by train on road and route not known to us. We saw mountains, which must have been the Alleghenies, and felt much depressed. Was that America? Had we been fooled? We expected to see flat ground with no timber or boulders to clear. When we came far enough to see that kind of country our spirits rose again. . . . —Andreas Ueland, Recollections of an Immigrant] Q-These immigrants were relieved when they saw the type of land they were expecting because they — F hoped to establish farms G wanted to build factories H planned to mine for gold J wanted to work for the railroad
f
What was the purpose of the Pure Food and Drugs Act of 1906? F To protect consumers by regulating the food and drug industry G To lower the cost of essential foods and drugs for consumers H To prevent shortages by regulating the supply of food and drugs J To reduce production costs for food and drug manufacturers
f
Which New Deal program still in existence today provides an income for retired people? F Social Security Administration G Securities and Exchange Commission H Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation J Farm Credit Administration
f
Which action was an immediate consequence of the event described in this headline? F Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. G Great Britain intercepted the Zimmermann telegram. H The United States refused to join the League of Nations. J The Russian monarchy was overthrown.
f
Which statement best describes how investment in the stock market during the mid-to-late 1920s contributed to the Great Depression? F People were unable to repay the loans used to purchase stocks. G Government taxes on stock transactions made it difficult to repay investors. H Financial institutions were not required to report earnings to stock investors. J Foreign countries were not required to immediately pay stockholder earnings.
f
World's First Skyscraper, Chicago, Illinois, 1814 Q- Which development made it possible to construct this type of building? f) The invention of a new process for manufacturing steel g) The government's focus on educating engineers h) The manufacturing of glass that blocks ultraviolet sun rays. J) The importation of stronger kinds of wood
f
[In 1895 the Department of Street Cleaning in New York City created a permanent group of sanitation workers known as the White Wings. This image shows the White Wings at work in 1896.] Q- Which issue contributed most to the need for this permanent sanitation group? F Increased urban population G The passage of labor laws H Decreased regulation of urban rail systems J The establishment of immigration quotas
f
[The United States is the world's best hope, but . . . if you tangle her in the intrigues of Europe, you will destroy her power for good, and endanger her very existence. . . . —Senator Henry Cabot Lodge] Q- Senator Lodge made this statement in opposition to — F U.S. membership in the League of Nations G the funding of a massive buildup of the U.S. Navy H a relaxation of U.S. citizenship requirements J U.S. entry into the Spanish-American War
f
[While my solutions were a little less complex than those offered by FDR, . . . I played a kind of New Deal cowboy who never hesitated to tackle many of the same problems. —Gene Autry, country-and-western singer and actor] Q-Why were country-and-western performers such as Gene Autry popular with U.S. radio audiences during the 1930s? f)Their art related to the struggles of the period. g) They shared stories of individuals who became wealthy. h) They promoted work programs for rural communities. j) Their art brought attention to global human rights issues.
f
President Franklin D. Roosevelt proposed an increase in the number of Supreme Court justices because the Court ruled against — F the gold standard G some New Deal programs H internment camps J some rationing programs
g
Read the excerpt and answer the question that follows. [In the opinion of the Government of the United States the coming of Chinese laborers to this country endangers the good order of certain localities. . . . Therefore, Be it enacted . . . That . . . the coming of Chinese laborers to the United States be . . . suspended. . . . —Chinese Exclusion Act, 1882] Q-Which factor prompted the passage of this legislation? f) Denial of labor union membership for unskilled workers g) Increased nativism and anti-immigrant attitudes h) Wage increases for workers in manufacturing positions j)Increased U.S. involvement in foreign wars and conflicts
g
[II. Absolute freedom of navigation upon the seas, outside territorial waters, alike in peace and in war, except as the seas may be closed in whole or in part by international action for the enforcement of international covenants. —President Woodrow Wilson, Fourteen Points] Q- Which of the causes underlying World War I was this provision of the Fourteen Points intended to prevent? F Nationalism and militarism G Blockades and unrestricted submarine warfare H Secret treaties and alliances J Imperialism and self-determination
g
Study the graph and answer the question that follows. [Number of Cars Sold in the United States, 1910-1930 (millions)] Q- Which reason BEST explains the change in the number of cars sold between 1910 and 1925? f) Cars became more available because of the passage of antitrust laws. g) Cars became more affordable because of the removal of wartime price controls. h) Cars became more affordable because of the introduction of the assembly line. j) Cars became more available because of the removal of tariffs after a global conflict.
h
[My party's in power in the city, and it's goin' to undertake a lot of public improvements. Well, I'm tipped off, say, that they're going to lay out a new park at a certain place. I see my opportunity and I take it. I go to that place and I buy up all the land I can in the neighborhood. Then the board of this or that makes its plan public, and there is a rush to get my land, which nobody cared particular for before. Ain't it perfectly honest to charge a good price and make a profit on my investment and foresight? Of course, it is. Well, that's honest graft. —George Washington Plunkitt, Plunkitt of Tammany Hall, 1905] Q- Which action is best described by this excerpt? F Elected leaders helped immigrants to assimilate to life in the United States. G Political machines justified corruption while providing benefits to communities. H Progressive leaders protested eminent domain laws in the United States. J Muckrakers tried to uncover government scandals in urban communities.
g
[Now, therefore, by virtue of the authority vested in me as President of the United States, and Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy, I hereby authorize and direct the Secretary of War, and the Military Commanders whom he may from time to time designate, whenever he or any designated Commander deems such action necessary or desirable, to prescribe military areas in such places and of such extent as he or the appropriate Military Commander may determine, from which any or all persons may be excluded. . . . —President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Executive Order 9066, February 19, 1942] Which constitutional right was most directly violated by this executive order? F Freedom of speech G Right to equal protection H Right to bear arms J Freedom of religion
g
[The Federal Children's Bureau, in the summer of 1932, undertook a survey of the situation in the Southwest, with especial reference to boys and young men who by the thousands (estimated 200,000 for the United States) were found "riding the rods" of the railroads. . . . In October 1932 a group of individuals, members of national agencies deeply concerned with this problem, together with a number of persons actively engaged in the study of the subject, organized themselves under the auspices of the National Social Work Council as a discussion group to explore the size and content of the problem . . . and, if possible, to work out some practical plan for its relief. —Dr. Ellen C. Potter, "The Problem of the Transient," 1934] Q- Which situation contributed to the problem described in this excerpt? F Migration caused by racial discrimination during World War I G Homelessness caused by unemployment during the Great Depression H Strict bank regulations made by the federal government during the New Deal J Rate increases imposed by the railroad industry during the Gilded Age
g
[There was music from my neighbor's house through the summer nights. . . . The halls and . . . verandas are gaudy with primary colors and hair shorn in strange new ways and shawls beyond the dreams of Castile. . . . There was dancing now on the canvas in the garden. . . . By midnight the hilarity had increased. —F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby] Q-How does this excerpt reflect a significant turning point in American history? F It depicts the reaction to victory in the Spanish-American War. G It portrays the changing social norms of the Jazz Age. H It describes the experiences of immigrant workers during the Gilded Age. J It details the industrial progress of the post-World War I era.
g
Q- The establishment of speakeasies in the 1920s was an unintended consequence of which federal government action? F The taxation of imported luxury goods G The deportation of suspected communist sympathizers H The prohibition of the sale of alcoholic beverages J The implementation of immigration restrictions
h
Q- What was the most likely result of the publication of images such as this 1906 political cartoon? F The government passed the Sherman Antitrust Act. G Private companies refused to import foreign foods. H The government passed the Pure Food and Drug Act. J Labor unions protested unsafe working conditions.
h
Q- Which action completes this cause-and-effect diagram? F Banks lower interest rates G Elected leaders lower tariff rates H Companies lay off employees J Labor unions demand higher wages
h
Q- Which action is the best example of a civic responsibility? F Writing an editorial piece for a newspaper G Volunteering to sell raffle tickets H Voting on election day J Opening a business
h
Q- Which groups were most influential in passing the Pure Food and Drug Act? F Southern farmers and clergy members G Factory owners and bankers H Muckrakers and women's organizations J College students and immigrants
h
Q- Which of the following was primarily responsible for the change depicted in this illustration? F New immigrant screening procedures at Ellis Island G A crackdown on anarchism after the assassination of President William McKinley H Overseas expansion associated with the Spanish-American War J An increase in circulating currency after the discovery of gold in Nome, Alaska
h
Read the list and answer the question that follows. - African Americans migrated from the rural South to the urban North. - Literacy rates among African Americans increased. -National organizations dedicated to African American civil rights were created. Q- The developments on this list contributed to what development of the 1920s and 1930s? f) African American painters of the Hudson River School focused on the beauty of nature. g) African American architects created the Neoclassical style based on Roman and Greek models. h) African American artists and writers celebrated their culture in a movement called the Harlem Renaissance. h) African American musicians developed rock and roll music based on African rhythms and beats.
h
Study the diagram and answer the question that follows. [Events of the Great Depression] Q- Which phrase correctly replaces the question mark in this diagram? f) Increase in minimum wage g) Growth of immigration h) Increase in unemployment j) Growth in consumer spending
h
[In 1884 Toynbee Hall was founded in a poor neighborhood in London. The primary mission of Toynbee Hall was to offer services to those in need, but it also gave university students first-hand experience with the effects of poverty. This allowed the students to develop practical solutions to further assist people in need. Many reformers in the United States soon adopted this model.] Q- This model was evident in the United States through the works of — F Frances Willard and her support of the temperance movement G A. Philip Randolph and his protests during World War II H Jane Addams and her programs for new immigrants J Eugene V. Debs and his establishment of the American Railway Union
h
[New Jersey lawyer Ravinder Singh Bhalla . . . went to visit a client at the Metropolitan Detention Center in Brooklyn. . . . The guards would not let him in because he refused to remove his turban. Mr. Bhalla informed the guards that the turban is not a hat, but is a religious symbol required of all observant Sikhs. . . . He cited his ? right to practice his religion and his ? protection against unreasonable searches, noting that he had already passed through the metal detector. Mr. Bhalla took his case to the Federal District Court in Newark. Then on January 17, the Federal Bureau of Prisons changed the policy. —U.S. Congressman Edolphus Towns, address to the House of Representatives, February 7, 2003] Q- Which two amendments should replace the question marks in this excerpt? F Fifth Amendment and Eighth Amendment G Third Amendment and Seventh Amendment H First Amendment and Fourth Amendment J Second Amendment and Sixth Amendment
h
[Number of U.S. Births by Year and Generation, 1928-1965] Q- Which occurrence was a result of the shift in the number of births that began in 1946? F The decline of family farming G The spread of new diseases H The growth of the suburbs J The reduction of defense spending
h
[President Theodore Roosevelt and John Muir on Glacier Point, Yosemite Valley, California, 1903] Q- What was the most likely topic of discussion between these men? F Limiting the power of major railroad companies G Creating alternative maritime shipping routes H Designating additional land as national parks J Reducing the influence of environmental lobbyists
h
[The nation participates in the making of its laws by the choice of its legislators, and in the execution of them by the choice of the agents of the executive government; it may almost be said to govern itself. . . . —Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America, 1835] Q- Which constitutional provision did the most to advance the aspect of democracy Tocqueville describes? f) "The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated. . . ." g) "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction." h) "The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex." I) "Whenever there is a vacancy in the office of the Vice President, the President shall nominate a Vice President who shall take office upon confirmation by a majority vote of both Houses of Congress."
h
Read the excerpt and answer the question that follows. [The United States is the world's best hope, but if you fetter her in the . . . quarrels of other nations, if you tangle her in the intrigues of Europe, you will destroy her powerful good, and endanger her very existence. Leave her to march freely through the centuries to come, as in the years that have gone. Strong, generous, and confident, she has nobly served mankind. —Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, 1919] Q- Why did Senator Lodge express this opinion about the Treaty of Versailles? f) He wanted to prevent the spread of the global flu epidemic. g) He wanted to protect secret U.S. nuclear technology. h) He wanted the United States to join an international league. j) He wanted to protect U.S. sovereignty in international relations.
j
Which statement best explains one effect of the New Deal? F The federal government took control of public education and universities. G Corporations had to obtain permission from state governments before hiring workers. H Labor unions had to provide justification to state governments before conducting strikes. J People relied more on the federal government for assistance.
j
[The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people. —Tenth Amendment] Which phrase best describes the goal of this amendment? F To restrict civil liberties G To limit due process rights H To restrain the power of judicial activists J To limit the power of the federal government
j
[U.S. Cattle Industry in the Nineteenth Century - Wild cattle multiplied for centuries in the Southwest. - Growing cities created more demand for beef. - Cowboys rounded up cattle and drove them to shipping centers on railroad lines. - The introduction of barbed wire and windmills led to large fenced ranches.] - _________?________ Q-Which statement best completes this list? F Congress passed legislation imposing tariffs on imported beef. G Most of the cowboys on cattle drives were European immigrants. H The cattle industry was nationalized under the Department of Agriculture. J The need to process large amounts of cattle made meatpacking a major industry.
j
[Workers Stringing Beans in a Maryland Factory, 1909] Q- What were photographs such as this one taken by Lewis Hine primarily intended to accomplish? F Encourage leaders to make segregation in schools illegal G Document labor conditions during an economic crisis H Depict the evils of capitalism in communist propaganda J Focus attention on the need for child labor reforms
j
______?_______ - Built sod houses - Used steel plows - Developed dry farming techniques Q- What is the best title for this list? F How Sharecroppers Lived in the Deep South G Ways Migrant Workers Lived in the Southwest H How Miners Took Advantage of Gold Rush Opportunities J Ways Settlers Adapted to Conditions on the Great Plains
j
