US History Test 2 Study Guide

What is the primary way that peace in Europe affected the market for American farm products there? A. It led to a decreased demand for American goods as European soldiers returned home and began to produce goods locally. B. It led to fewer people being able to purchase American goods. C. It helped to open up borders and made the transport of goods easier. D. It led to inflation abroad and higher prices for American goods.

A. It led to a decreased demand for American goods as European soldiers returned home and began to produce goods locally.

In which state was sugar cultivation most prevalent in 1860? A. Louisiana B. Virginia C. South Carolina D. Alabama

A. Louisiana

Which of the following statements about slave religion is false? A. Slaves' religious ceremonies tended to be more pensive and subdued than those of their white counterparts. B. In southern churches, slaves obtained some measure of equality with white fellow members. C. Slaves incorporated elements of African religion into their Christian worship. D. Slaves imbued spirituals with not only religious meaning but also subtle protests against their plight.

A. Slaves' religious ceremonies tended to be more pensive and subdued than those of their white counterparts.

How did Indians respond to new legal threats to their territory and freedom that developed in Jacksonian America? A. Some (like the Seminoles) engaged in open warfare, while others (like the Cherokees) adopted American customs and laws. B. Indians in the Great Plains formed a coalition through the "Great Peace," which tried to elect politicians responsive to their needs. C. The Seminoles and Creeks intermarried with whites and increasingly tried to blend into the white population. D. The Seminoles sold land to whites, and the Cherokees took their case to the Supreme Court.

A. Some (like the Seminoles) engaged in open warfare, while others (like the Cherokees) adopted American customs and laws.

What were the conditions like in the Lowell mills? A. The conditions in the mill were good but the boarding houses were expensive and lonely. B. The pay was good but the hours were long. C. The conditions were good but the pay was low. D. The conditions and pay were good for men but not women.

B. The pay was good but the hours were long.

The market society resulted in all the following social developments except A. a new sensitivity to time as evidenced by the division of the workday into hours and the appearance of clocks in private homes. B. a marked absence of social mobility as the class system became more rigid and poor people's wages shrank drastically. C. the triumph of materialism over intellectualism. D. the development of segregated middle-class neighborhoods and leisure activities.

B. a marked absence of social mobility as the class system became more rigid and poor people's wages shrank drastically.

In the 1820s and 1830s, Cherokee society exhibited all the following traits except the A. adoption of a written constitution based on that of the United States. B. abolition of slavery on lands controlled by the Cherokees. C. intrusion of market economics on Cherokee society, resulting in stratification and inequality. D. development of a unique alphabet for the Cherokee language.

B. abolition of slavery on lands controlled by the Cherokees.

The Shaker movement A. supported the concept of free love. B. believed that the end of the world was at hand and that therefore there was no reason to procreate. C. lasted for only a few years. D. gave women very little authority in the life of its communities.

B. believed that the end of the world was at hand and that therefore there was no reason to procreate.

Which of the following was an important aspect of the emerging market society of the antebellum period? A. more integrated housing by class B. greater consumption and materialism C. more opportunities for artisanal training D. greater social mobility for the poorest citizens

B. greater consumption and materialism

Abolition was strongest A. among yeomen farmers in both the North and South. B. in New England and in parts of New York and Ohio settled by New Englanders. C. in northern cities among factory owners, bankers, and lawyers. D. in northern cities among factory workers, servants, and sailors.

B. in New England and in parts of New York and Ohio settled by New Englanders.

In response to white prejudice, Paul Cuffe in 1816 A. started the first newspaper with a black editor in the United States. B. led a group of black Americans to West Africa to start their own society. C. published Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World in which he called on slaves to rise up against their masters. D. started the African Methodist Episcopal Church to foster autonomy in black communities.

B. led a group of black Americans to West Africa to start their own society.

As a result of the development of a national market economy, northeastern farms A. expanded their production of wheat and other grains. B. produced fruits and dairy products for urban areas. C. shifted increasingly to subsistence agriculture. D. focused on producing staple crops for foreign export.

B. produced fruits and dairy products for urban areas.

John C. Calhoun's theory of nullification addressed the need to protect minority rights in an increasingly democratic political system by arguing that A. since the people and not the states formed the U.S., the people had the right to hold special elections to nullify or confirm federal laws. B. since the U.S. was a group of sovereign states, individual states had the right to nullify federal laws. C. the U.S. Constitution did not sanction unfair taxation in the form of tariffs. D. states' rights and responsibilities detailed in the Constitution required states to check and balance presidential power.

B. since the U.S. was a group of sovereign states, individual states had the right to nullify federal laws.

Beginning in the 1820s, evangelical Protestant churches A. appealed to those with strong democratic principles because such churches advocated the immediate abolition of slavery, a clearly undemocratic institution. B. taught that those who desired and worked for salvation could achieve it. C. rejected "outdated" religious principles such as the divinity of Jesus Christ. D. fought for women's rights, including the right to vote.

B. taught that those who desired and worked for salvation could achieve it.

In the presidential election of 1824, A. Henry Clay and the Whigs defeated Andrew Jackson and the Democrats. B. the House of Representatives chose the candidate who had finished second in both the popular vote and the Electoral College. C. John Quincy Adams was re-elected to a second term. D. South Carolinian John C. Calhoun received the vice-presidency in exchange for backing John Quincy Adams, who was a former president's son.

B. the House of Representatives chose the candidate who had finished second in both the popular vote and the Electoral College.

Why did Andrew Jackson order federal deposits withdrawn from the Bank of the United States? A. to fund an expanding military B. to force the demise of the Bank C. to stabilize state currencies D. to finance his presidential campaign

B. to force the demise of the Bank

The factory system that developed after 1815 relied primarily on the labor of A. journeymen. B. unskilled and semiskilled workers. C. slaves. D. apprentices.

B. unskilled and semiskilled workers.

How did previous antidrinking efforts differ from the policies advocated by the American Temperance Society? A. The American Temperance Society suggested that Irish and German immigrants were the root of America's drinking problem. B. The American Temperance Society was influenced by religious organizations, unlike previous efforts. C. The American Temperance Society promoted an end to alcohol consumption, not just more moderate drinking. D. The American Temperance Society argued that women were the only ones capable of reducing alcohol consumption.

C. The American Temperance Society promoted an end to alcohol consumption, not just more moderate drinking.

Why did the early union movement in the United States collapse? A. Skilled artisans refused to join unions. B. Most state governments outlawed union activity. C. The Panic of 1837 made work difficult to come by. D. Workers were ideologically opposed to union membership.

C. The Panic of 1837 made work difficult to come by.

Why did workers call for "hard currency" during the Bank War? A. They resented the federal government making interest-free loans to their employers. B. They supported Jackson, who opposed speculation that led to inflation. C. Their paychecks were worth less because of the depreciation of state bank notes. D. They wanted the National Bank to expand credit, allowing them to buy property.

C. Their paychecks were worth less because of the depreciation of state bank notes.

How did farmers in the Upper South respond to the cotton boom in the Deep South? A. They mostly abandoned large-scale agriculture and slavery and soon turned the South into the leading industrial center of the nation. B. They struggled desperately year after year to plant their own cotton fields in hopes of replicating the Deep South's prosperity. C. They shifted to less slave-intensive crops like wheat and sold excess slaves to cotton planters. D. They intensified their production of tobacco, purchasing increasing numbers of slaves to till more and more land.

C. They shifted to less slave-intensive crops like wheat and sold excess slaves to cotton planters.

What legacy did Andrew Jackson's presidency leave? A. a reduction in corruption in party politics B. a greater role for the federal judicial system C. an enlarged set of presidential powers D. a decline in popular participation in politics

C. an enlarged set of presidential powers

What was the biggest factor in determining whether a master chose to use the gang system or the task system on his plantation? A. age of slaves B. region and weather C. crop cultivated D. gender of slaves

C. crop cultivated

Which of the following most likely occurred as a result of an integrated market and society? A. more laws to regulate the excesses of business B. a decline in the power of individual states C. economic booms and busts that affected the whole country D. increased isolationism vis-à-vis other countries

C. economic booms and busts that affected the whole country

The rulings of the Marshall Court contributed to all the following trends except A. protecting the rights of property owners to lands granted them by a state even if the grants resulted from the bribery of state officials. B. expanding federal power by affirming the Hamiltonian doctrine of implied constitutional powers. C. expanding the power of state governments to regulate private industries in accordance with the will of the people of the state. D. protecting corporations from the threat that the states chartering them might unilaterally alter their charters.

C. expanding the power of state governments to regulate private industries in accordance with the will of the people of the state.

The typical upper-class plantation mistress A. endorsed a sexual code that kept white women pure but tolerated sexual relations between white men and slave women. B. enjoyed the unique luxury of criticizing her own role in society as well as the slave system in general. C. faced burdensome managerial and service duties. D. lived a life of leisure centered around artistic and literary pursuits.

C. faced burdensome managerial and service duties.

The temperance and abolitionist movements caused all of the following problems for the Whigs and Democrats EXCEPT A. disruption of party unity. B. the demise of the Jacksonian party system. C. financial scandals. D. party switching.

C. financial scandals.

The Panic of 1819 demonstrated all the following except the A. increased interdependence of urban and rural markets in the American economy. B. growing susceptibility of the American economy to developments in the international economy. C. financial security of cotton planters who were almost uniquely exempt from the Panic's effects. D. beginning of a boom-bust cycle that would affect the American economy for decades.

C. financial security of cotton planters who were almost uniquely exempt from the Panic's effects.

During the course of the nineteenth century, the distribution of wealth in the U.S. became A. more equal. B. much more varied. C. less equal. D. less varied.

C. less equal.

Women played an important role in the Second Great Awakening for all the following reasons except A. church-sponsored reform activities allowed women to escape from the confines of domestic life. B. women who joined churches were more likely to marry than those who did not, and marriage was seen as a source of a woman's personal happiness. C. most marriages were arranged by parents, so religious affiliation was the only significant life choice most young women ever made. D. membership in a church contributed to women's sense of belonging.

C. most marriages were arranged by parents, so religious affiliation was the only significant life choice most young women ever made.

Under the task system, all of the following were true EXCEPT that A. slaves resisted vigorously if masters tried to increase their workload. B. each day, each slave had a specific job that he or she had to complete. C. overseers had to supervise slaves closely and constantly. D. slaves could work at their own pace and stop work when they had finished their daily task.

C. overseers had to supervise slaves closely and constantly.

Each of the following caused damage to the southern environment EXCEPT the A. prevalence of single-crop agriculture. B. shift to wheat cultivation. C. population density of the region. D. deforestation of the land.

C. population density of the region.

To whom were the arguments of those who defended slavery targeted? A. slaves B. the U.S. Congress C. slaveowners D. northerners

C. slaveowners

Seneca Falls, New York, was the site of A. most of Charles Grandison Finney's revival meetings. B. the national meeting at which the abolitionist movement split apart. C. the first major women's rights convention in the U.S. D. John Humphrey Noyes's utopian community.

C. the first major women's rights convention in the U.S.

Slaves' working conditions depended upon all of the following EXCEPT A. the size of the farm they worked on, and the kinds of crops they cultivated. B. their masters' personalities. C. the types of tasks they liked best or for which they were best suited. D. whether or not they worked under an overseer.

C. the types of tasks they liked best or for which they were best suited.

In the 1830s and 1840s, all of the following were true of Democrats EXCEPT that A. they did not believe in high tariffs that seemed to support U.S. manufacturers at U.S. farmers' expense. B. they were generally opposed to establishing a powerful national bank. C. their members included more Congregationalists, Unitarians, Presbyterians, and Episcopalians than Baptists or Methodists. D. they did not believe that the federal government should intervene regarding slavery or other moral questions.

C. their members included more Congregationalists, Unitarians, Presbyterians, and Episcopalians than Baptists or Methodists.

In the 1830s and 1840s, all of the following were true of Whigs EXCEPT that A. they supported tariffs to protect U.S. manufacturers. B. they supported a strong national bank. C. they believed in severely limiting the federal government and strengthening states' rights. D. they believed that government power should be used to foster the moral welfare of the country.

C. they believed in severely limiting the federal government and strengthening states' rights.

What was the most important function of religion for slaves? A. to teach slaves literacy skills through reading the Bible B. to teach slaves spirituals that could be sung in the fields C. to give slaves a sense of self-worth D. to grow the Methodist and Baptist populations in the South

C. to give slaves a sense of self-worth

How did the federal government help to create the financial crisis of 1819? A. It helped to inflate cotton prices to a level that couldn't be maintained. B. Its foreign policy choices adversely affected trade with England, a major consumer of American products. C. It withdrew credit from southern cotton planters at a time when they needed it most. D. It encouraged land purchases by providing credit.

D. It encouraged land purchases by providing credit.

How did the ideal of a "cult of domesticity" affect family life? A. It resulted in women marrying earlier because motherhood began to be understood as the primary function of women. B. It resulted in a reduction in patriarchal control, as women were permitted to control sexual relations within marriage. C. It resulted in more opportunities for lower-class women to work outside the home. D. It resulted in fewer births so that women could devote more attention to each individual child.

D. It resulted in fewer births so that women could devote more attention to each individual child.

Who led a violent uprising in 1831 that killed more than 50 whites in less than two days? A. Denmark Vesey B. Octave Johnson C. Gabriel Prosser D. Nat Turner

D. Nat Turner

Why was the temperance movement especially popular among women? Choose the BEST response. A. Most temperance supporters also supported political rights for women, including the right to vote. B. Most leadership roles in the temperance movement were reserved for women. C. Most temperance supporters were also abolitionists. D. Temperance supporters stressed the misery that drunken men inflicted upon their wives and children.

D. Temperance supporters stressed the misery that drunken men inflicted upon their wives and children.

Why did the second American party system emerge? A. Once elected, Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren established the second party system in order to increase the power of Democratic newspapers in informing the public. B. People in many states rebelled against the congressional caucus system for selecting the president, causing state governments to develop the party system as an alternative. C. Congress passed a constitutional amendment that required all presidential candidates to run for office within the Democratic, the National Republican, or the Whig parties. D. The "corrupt bargain" prompted Jackson's followers to establish the Democratic Party, and Clay and Adams to maintain their coalition through the Whigs.

D. The "corrupt bargain" prompted Jackson's followers to establish the Democratic Party, and Clay and Adams to maintain their coalition through the Whigs.

Why did hostility toward Roman Catholics increase as the nineteenth century progressed? A. Evangelicalism gained large number of adherents as the century progressed. B. The pope issued a decree stating that Protestant evangelicalism was anathema to Catholic teachings. C. The economy declined, pushing Protestants into competition with Catholics for jobs. D. The Catholic population rose with influxes of German and Irish immigrants.

D. The Catholic population rose with influxes of German and Irish immigrants.

How were white planters who lived in the Tidewater different from those who lived in the frontier regions of the South? A. The Tidewater planter class typically had closer economic ties to Great Britain, resulting in a more European class hierarchy. B. Tidewater planters specialized in growing cotton, while frontier planters grew tobacco, rice, and sugar. C. There was more opposition to slavery in frontier regions, so frontier planters did not want to draw attention to themselves. D. The frontier cotton gentry was typically self-made, intent on claiming status through wealth accumulation.

D. The frontier cotton gentry was typically self-made, intent on claiming status through wealth accumulation.

What impact did evangelical reform movements have on American politics? A. The antislavery movement had little impact on the party system because its members refused to enter into politics, but the temperance movement enhanced the unity of the Democrats. B. The evangelical reform movement generally strengthened the Whig party, which embraced most reforms, while making the Democrats increasingly marginal and isolated. C. The reform movements had almost no impact on politics because reformers did not want to engage in politics and politicians had no interest in engaging in reform. D. The temperance movement weakened partisan identification while the antislavery movement heightened sectional identification, both contributing to a weakening of the party system.

D. The temperance movement weakened partisan identification while the antislavery movement heightened sectional identification, both contributing to a weakening of the party system.

How did industrialization change the production of products? A. The work was unskilled and undisciplined. B. The work was productive and satisfying until wages were cut. C. The work was increasingly more skilled but unsatisfying. D. The work was productive but dehumanizing.

D. The work was productive but dehumanizing.

In which state did the last significant action taken by white southerners against slavery occur when western counties proposed an unsuccessful petition for gradual emancipation in 1832? A. Georgia B. South Carolina C. Missouri D. Virginia

D. Virginia

What new view of women developed as a result of the "cult of domesticity"? A. Women came to be seen as more passionate and sinful than men. B. Women came to be seen as autonomous individuals with the right to pursue their own interests. C. Women came to be seen as economic agents who should produce goods for the market. D. Women came to be seen as comforters and instructors in morality.

D. Women came to be seen as comforters and instructors in morality.

Why was there typically little hostility between yeoman farmers and wealthy planters in the South? A. Planters helped to stabilize prices for the crops yeoman farmers harvested. B. Planters subsidized slave prices for yeoman farmers. C. Yeoman farmers received good public services from planter taxes. D. Yeoman farmers aspired to own slaves themselves.

D. Yeoman farmers aspired to own slaves themselves.

Almost from the beginning, Martin Van Buren's presidency was overshadowed by A. public outrage against Indian removal. B. mounting sectional tension over new tariffs. C. fears that the executive branch was gaining too much power. D. a crippling financial panic.

D. a crippling financial panic.

The New Nationalism consisted of all the following except A. a tariff to provide some protection to domestic industries. B. the chartering of the Second Bank of the United States. C. federal assistance to internal improvements. D. a national paper currency called "greenbacks."

D. a national paper currency called "greenbacks."

Who was attracted to the evangelicalism of the Second Great Awakening and why? A. women, because evangelical preachers spoke of equality of the sexes B. educated people, because evangelicalism stressed biblical literacy C. mostly African Americans, because evangelicals were opposed to slavery D. diverse groups, because the message focused on human agency

D. diverse groups, because the message focused on human agency

What distinguished militant abolitionism from more moderate antislavery? A. embrace of evangelicalism, view of slavery in economic terms B. embrace of Romanticism, view of slavery in religious terms C. embrace of colonization, view of slavery in individualistic terms D. embrace of immediatism, view of slavery in larger societal terms

D. embrace of immediatism, view of slavery in larger societal terms

Compared to Whigs, Democrats were more likely to A. favor government legislation to regulate morality. B. embrace the socioeconomic changes produced by the market. C. support the expansion of government power. D. oppose monopolies and special privileges.

D. oppose monopolies and special privileges.

In return for Henry Clay's support for his presidential bid, John Quincy Adams allegedly offered Clay which position, the traditional stepping stone to the presidency? A. attorney general B. vice president C. Speaker of the House D. secretary of state

D. secretary of state

The cotton gin was invented to A. plant cotton seeds in even rows. B. turn cotton fiber into cloth. C. pick cotton lint from the plant. D. separate cotton seeds from lint.

D. separate cotton seeds from lint.

Revivalism responded to a desire for A. higher pay and greater social mobility typical of the new entrepreneurs of the American frontier. B. reformation of fundamental Calvinist beliefs such as predestination. C. traditional Unitarian beliefs such as the promise of salvation for those who accepted Christ's divinity. D. social order and control in the new, fast-changing, competitive market economy.

D. social order and control in the new, fast-changing, competitive market economy.

What factors played the biggest role in the creation of a strong national market? A. westward expansion, railroads, political stability B. embargoes, agricultural advances, banks C. federal control over interstate commerce regulation, tariffs, embargoes D. transportation networks, access to capital, communication systems

D. transportation networks, access to capital, communication systems

All the following were significant elements of the proslavery argument developed in the 1830s except the A. argument that slaves belonged to an inferior race. B. assertion that southern slaves lived better lives than northern factory workers. C. fact that none of the biblical prophets or Christ himself had ever explicitly condemned slavery. D. writings of revolutionary leaders like Washington and Jefferson who praised slavery as a positive good.

D. writings of revolutionary leaders like Washington and Jefferson who praised slavery as a positive good.

Which of the following statements about the Bank War is least accurate? A. The director of the Bank, Nicholas Biddle, was grossly incompetent regarding financial matters and was unable to establish a sound paper currency. B. The Bank War ended with the demise of the national banking system, contributing to rapid inflation as unregulated state banks produced more and more paper money. C. Jackson opposed the Bank because of his own personal experiences with finances and because he viewed it as an instrument of special interests. D. Because his plan to destroy the Bank violated federal law, Jackson had to cycle through several Treasury secretaries before he found one willing to put his plan into effect.

A. The director of the Bank, Nicholas Biddle, was grossly incompetent regarding financial matters and was unable to establish a sound paper currency.

Which of the following statements about upper-class southern white women is least accurate? A. They developed strong empathy for the plight of enslaved women with whom they identified and whose lot they tried to alleviate as much as possible. B. They sometimes privately voiced frustration with the system of slavery, particularly the sexual double standard that it engendered. C. They sacrificed a life of leisure once they married, at which point they found themselves overwhelmed with domestic responsibilities. D. They were less likely than their northern counterparts to openly challenge their domestic roles.

A. They developed strong empathy for the plight of enslaved women with whom they identified and whose lot they tried to alleviate as much as possible.

What was one of the ways corporations fostered economic development? A. They limited the risk of individual investors. B. They limited state interference in business. C. They required charters from state legislatures. D. They only applied to agreements between private parties.

A. They limited the risk of individual investors.

What effect did economic specialization have on women's role in the household? A. Women's economic functions in the household declined as families increasingly relied on manufactured goods. B. The broader economic specialization of the markets had little, if any, impact on women, whose role in the household remained much the same as it always had been. C. Although some aspects of women's economic function in the household declined, their role producing clothing for their families grew dramatically. D. Women increasingly participated in the economic functions of the household so that the family could purchase more of the products that new industries offered.

A. Women's economic functions in the household declined as families increasingly relied on manufactured goods.

Among the compromises made in 1833 to end the nullification crises was A. a Congressional bill to reduce tariff rates. B. South Carolina convention's passage of its nullifying ordinance. C. a provision for the gradual emancipation of slaves in border states such as Kentucky and Maryland. D. the Force Bill, which reaffirmed state military power.

A. a Congressional bill to reduce tariff rates.

Brer Rabbit, a popular character in slaves' folktales, exhibited which character trait? A. a subtle cunning that compensated for his physical weakness B. a simple cheerfulness that allowed him to endure all hardship C. a childlike sense of wonderment at the marvels of everyday life D. a self-sacrificing personality that led him to live his life for others without complaint

A. a subtle cunning that compensated for his physical weakness

What distinguished abolitionism and the women's rights movements from previous American reform efforts? A. both pushed for legal and political solutions to social problems B. both used religious teachings to argue for their position C. both relied on the middle class as their primary members D. both suffered internal divisions that weakened their movements

A. both pushed for legal and political solutions to social problems

Before and after his election as president in 1828, Andrew Jackson A. demonstrated a keen understanding of the temper and mood of the American public. B. elaborated on a clear set of policies that he intended to pursue in office. C. exhibited a calm and staid demeanor that contrasted with the prickly arrogance of other western politicians. D. opposed the spoils system that distributed government jobs to the party faithful.

A. demonstrated a keen understanding of the temper and mood of the American public.

Which of the following types of slave had the lowest status? A. field hand B. house servant C. driver D. artisan

A. field hand

The temperance and abolitionist movements caused all of the following problems for the Whigs and Democrats EXCEPT A. financial scandals. B. disruption of party unity. C. party switching. D. the demise of the Jacksonian party system.

A. financial scandals.

All of the following were true of John Quincy Adams EXCEPT that A. he was a shrewd politician and his programs were wildly popular among "the people." B. he was a talented diplomat who served as secretary of state before he became president. C. while serving as president he tried to promote both manufacturing and agriculture. D. on a national level, he tried to promote the arts, literature, and science during his presidency.

A. he was a shrewd politician and his programs were wildly popular among "the people."

The lives of white yeoman farmers in the South differed from those of their northern counterparts because, unlike northerners, southern yeoman farmers A. lacked internal markets to sell their staple crops. B. relied on their slaves to do their work for them. C. did not own the land on which they worked. D. did not exchange tools or labor with neighbors.

A. lacked internal markets to sell their staple crops.

Where did the steamboat have its greatest effect on the transportation system? A. on western rivers B. in Atlantic ports C. on the Great Lakes D. on canals in the Northeast

A. on western rivers

The abolitionist movement split in 1840 A. over the issue of women's rights. B. because of Weld's failure to win over his divinity instructors Beecher and Finney. C. because of Garrison's support for free black people's civil rights. D. over the separation of church and state.

A. over the issue of women's rights.

The Transcendentalists hoped to transcend A. reason and the material world. B. dependence on their loved ones. C. everyday chores such as chopping firewood. D. the limitations that nature imposed.

A. reason and the material world.

The long-term problems of the southern economy included all the following except that southern A. slavery was a fundamentally unprofitable labor system. B. prosperity depended on continual expansion into new territory. C. agricultural practices quickly exhausted the soil. D. monoculture made crops more susceptible to disease and parasites.

A. slavery was a fundamentally unprofitable labor system.

Under the Jacksonian party system A. the Whigs generally supported an active government, the Democrats a limited government. B. both parties promoted the market and commercialization. C. the Democrats generally supported an active government, the Whigs a limited government. D. neither party believed that moral questions should be injected into politics.

A. the Whigs generally supported an active government, the Democrats a limited government.

Cherokee involvement in the national web of market relationships included A. the purchase of vast cotton lands and slaves by the Cherokee elite. B. a new egalitarianism in Cherokee politics and society. C. Cherokee involvement in mainstream politics. D. Cherokee involvement in the fur trade.

A. the purchase of vast cotton lands and slaves by the Cherokee elite.

Generally, what issue split the American Anti-Slavery Society and the abolition movement in 1840? A. the question of whether to endorse women's rights B. the question of whether to grant blacks equal membership in the movement C. the question of whether or not abolition should be pursued through established political parties D. the question of whether manumission had to be accompanied by colonization

A. the question of whether to endorse women's rights

What socioeconomic condition contributed most to the spread of domesticity? A. the spread of industrialization, which more clearly distinguished the workplace from the home B. the increase in fertility, which saddled women with more children to rear C. the spread of the market, which made women's labor more profitable D. the decrease in the age at which middle-class couples married, which gave women fewer opportunities to experience life outside the home

A. the spread of industrialization, which more clearly distinguished the workplace from the home

By the mid-1800s, all of the following groups had begun to cause political division EXCEPT A. transcendentalists. B. temperance advocates. C. abolitionists. D. women's rights advocates.

A. transcendentalists.

In the North, free black men were MOST likely to work as A. unskilled laborers or servants. B. doctors, lawyers, or bankers. C. skilled laborers, artists, or musicians. D. small business owners.

A. unskilled laborers or servants.

Like most early factories, the mills at Lowell ran on what kind of power? A. water B. coal C. electricity D. horse

A. water

Which of the following groups of voters was least likely to support the Whigs? A. businessmen and entrepreneurs B. Congregationalists and Unitarians C. enfranchised African Americans D. Irish and German Catholics

D. Irish and German Catholics

In the 1850s, slaves made up more than half of the population of A. Virginia. B. Mississippi. C. North Carolina. D. Texas.

B. Mississippi.

Roughly what percentage of white southerners in 1860 either owned slaves or were members of slaveholding families? A. 25 percent B. 50 percent C. 75 percent D. 5 percent

A. 25 percent

Which of the following plotted to foment a slave uprising in South Carolina that was thwarted at the last moment in 1822? A. Denmark Vesey B. Powhatan Ellis C. John Ross D. David Walker

A. Denmark Vesey

Which of the following is a result of the advancements in transportation and communication on agriculture? A. Farmers began to sell surpluses in distant markets. B. Because of increased efficiency, farmers cultivated less land. C. Farmers relied less on bankers for credit. D. Farmers had more time to begin other businesses.

A. Farmers began to sell surpluses in distant markets.

Which of the following statements about free blacks in the South is false? A. Free blacks were almost exclusively men. B. A number of free blacks were slave owners. C. The vast majority of southern free blacks lived in the Upper South. D. Free blacks were more likely than slaves to be literate.

A. Free blacks were almost exclusively men.

What were President Jackson's personal reasons for distrusting banks, bank credit, and paper currency? A. In the early 1800s, Jackson's Tennessee land speculations had brought him to the brink of bankruptcy. He associated banks and bank credit with this painful experience. B. Jackson hated Bank President Biddle, and the U.S. president transferred this hatred to the National Bank that Biddle directed. C. The Jackson family never borrowed money, and always paid for purchases with gold or silver coins. D. Jackson and Biddle, the National Bank's president, had been enemies since the two were schoolboys together in rural Pennsylvania.

A. In the early 1800s, Jackson's Tennessee land speculations had brought him to the brink of bankruptcy. He associated banks and bank credit with this painful experience.

By 1860, almost half of the workers at Lowell's mills consisted of A. native-born white men from middle-class families. B. free black women and men. C. married white women whose husbands were unemployed. D. Irish immigrants and their children.

D. Irish immigrants and their children.

Why was open slave rebellion so much less common in the United States than in Latin America? A. Slaves in the United States believed in the Christian teaching of turning the other cheek. B. Slaves in the United States were often freed after they reached a certain age. C. Slaves in the United States had families and didn't want to risk getting caught. D. Slaves in the United States were satisfied with the conditions of their bondage.

C. Slaves in the United States had families and didn't want to risk getting caught.

The opening of the Erie Canal gave which eastern city control of the western trade? A. Baltimore B. New York City C. Boston D. Philadelphia

B. New York City

Why did a new middle class emerge during the market revolution? A. New modes of transportation and easy access to capital allowed men of little means to enter commerce and build their fortunes. B. A new professional class of managers, accountants, and others was needed to manage factory production and consumption. C. Inexpensive suburban housing was first introduced, allowing urban dwellers to save more of their money and enter the middle class. D. The federal government sought to eliminate poverty by extending substantial subsidies to factory workers.

B. A new professional class of managers, accountants, and others was needed to manage factory production and consumption.

Free black southerners A. were disproportionately female. B. sometimes owned slaves themselves. C. were not always clearly distinguishable from slaves. D. All of the answers are correct.

D. All of the answers are correct.

Which is one of the ways that the Supreme Court supported the growing national market? A. It allowed legislatures to alter land grants when necessary. B. It decided that states, not the federal government, had the right to regulate interstate commerce. C. It determined that charters were contracts that could not be altered by legislatures. D. It deemed the Second Bank of the United States unconstitutional.

C. It determined that charters were contracts that could not be altered by legislatures.

The failures of New Harmony and other socialist communities showed that the U.S. was not conducive to socialist experiments because A. wages were too high. B. land was too cheap and plentiful. C. the spirit of individualism was too strong. D. All of the answers are correct.

D. All of the answers are correct.

Tensions between Catholics and Protestants resulted for all the following reasons except A. Protestants' fear that the Catholic papacy was engaged in a sinister plot to undermine America's republican institutions. B. the growing number of Catholics in the United States after the 1820s. C. Catholic rituals and doctrines, which Protestants regarded as superstitious and subversive. D. Catholics' rejection of tradition and their insistence that individuals read the Bible to discover God's will for themselves.

D. Catholics' rejection of tradition and their insistence that individuals read the Bible to discover God's will for themselves.

Who did NOT support the colonization movement as a solution to racial conflict in the U.S.? A. antislavery advocates who hoped that colonization would lead to gradual emancipation B. proslavery advocates who believed that ridding the U.S. of free blacks would help to end the abolition movement C. whites who opposed slavery but believed that blacks and whites were too different to coexist peacefully as equals in the U.S. D. African Americans who wished to remain in the U.S., and others who supported their right to do so

D. African Americans who wished to remain in the U.S., and others who supported their right to do so