U.S. History - Unit 3 "EXPANSIONISM"

Open Door Policy

U.S. policy to guarantee the rights of all nations to trade with China on an equal basis;

annex

(p. 456, 684) To add onto or take over (new lands such as Hawaii, a group of islands in the North Pacific with great natural beauty, sunshine, beaches, and roiling surf, plus could serve as a Pacific Ocean military outpost.)

Big Stick policy

(p. 677, 696) Expanding U.S. influence in western hemisphere countries by being "international police" who always tried diplomacy, but if that failed, not hesitate to use military force.

"Seward's Folly"

(p. 681) Americans who opposed buying Alaska and called it a frozen wasteland, criticized the Secretary of State William Seward and called the deal "Seward's Folly."

Isolationism

(p. 681) When nations avoid military or political involvement in another country's problems or affairs and focus solely on their own internal national issues.

Frederick Jackson Turner

(p. 682) An American historian who believed the "frontier" was closed and this influenced expansionism to grow outside the U.S. borders

Alfred Thayer Mahan

(p. 682) Retired U.S. Navy Captain and author wrote that future U.S.prosperity (economic success) depended on building Trade and a strong Navy to support and protect sea routes

Liluokalani

(p. 683) Sister of Kalakua - king of the Hawaiian natives, who died - so now Queen "Lilly" became strong, educated queen of Hawaii, who resisted American planters and supported Hawaiian independence

spheres of influence

(p. 684) are areas where another nation has economic and political control, usually for the purpose of controlling trade deals and industries that interest outside nations.

reconcentration

(p. 688) Forced movement of large numbers of people into detention camps for military or political reasons, (such as what was done in Cuba to rebels and citizens by the Spanish.)

Jose Marti

(p. 688) He was the Cuban rebel lead er who urged the U.S. military to become involved (intervene) in the fight between Cuban rebels and Spanish in their people's rebellion for freedom from Spain.

William Randolf Hearst

(p. 689) He was publisher of the New York Journal, and tried to outdo Joseph Pulitzer in the use of sensational stories and headlines criticizing Spain so to get readers to buy his newspaper.

yellow Journalism

(p. 689) the above is a style of reporting that became known as yellow journalism and can be seen even today with "fake" news stories and opinions published or reported as news.

Rough Riders

(p. 690) One of the best known militia units fighting against Spain in the Caribbean, it was led by Theodore Roosevelt. Roosevelt had given up his navy position to join the war.

revolt

(p. 690) To break away or rise up against government or military authority

protectorate

(p. 692) An "independent " country who's political and economic policies are controlled by an outside (usually bigger, more powerful) country.

malaria

(p. 694 & online) Malaria is a disease of the blood that turns into infectous anemia, hypoglycemia or brain malaria,where blood to the brain is blocked. Cerebral malaria can cause coma, life-long-learning disabilities, and death.

Dr. William C. Gorga

(p. 694) Doctor who came to Panama and, after seeing that Malaria and Yellow Fever weretransmitted by mosquitoes - drained swamps and cleared brush and eventually greatly reduced both diseases.

isthmus

(p. 694) This is a narrow strip of land joining two larger areas of land, such as the Isthmus of Panama that connected South America with North America, with the Atlantic and Pacific oceans on either side.

locks

(p. 695) Panama Canal planners designed a system of locks to raise and lower the water level so ships could travel over the Cordillera Mountains of central Panama's uneven elevation in the Canal Zone.

corollary

(p. 696) "A logical extension of a policy or doctrine" such as the Roosevelt Corollary that extended the Monroe Doctrine saying that the America's (North, Central & South) may not be taken over or annexed by any European nation.)

dollar diplomacy

(p. 696) An idea that economic or trade relations are the best way to expand U.S. contacts in foreign countries and build business relationships.

Francisco "Pancho" Villa

(p. 697) Mexican rebel general nicknamed "Pancho" who raided & killed Americans in New Mexico and was chased by General John J. "Blackjack" Pershing into Mexico, but withdrew when Villa wasn't caught.

Mathew C. Perry

(p.680) U.S. Navy Commodore sailed into Tokyo Bay, in 1853 and convinced Japan when they saw, Perry's powerful ships and menacing guns, that in 1854, they signed a treaty for the first time opening Japan for trade.

Imperialism

(p.681) When larger countries build empires by imposing outside control on the economy or political systems in other nations around the world

Emilio Aguinaldo

(p.690) a Filipino rebel leader helped U.S. seize Manila from the Spanish.(p.692); When United States took control of the Philippines - Filipinos felt betrayed. Led by Aguinaldo, Filipinos renewed their fight for independence

Samoa

are a chain of islands in the South Pacific that America, Germany & U.K. wanted;

expansionism

belief that a country should grow larger -- a policy of increasing a country's size by territorial or economic growth (or both) and spread American values.