USH2 - Chapter 11.6

William Howard Taft

(1908-1912), was endorsed by Roosevelt because he pledged to carry on progressive program, then he didn't appoint any Progressives to the Cabinet, actively pursued anti-trust law suits, appoints Richard Ballinger as Secretary of the Interior, Ballinger opposed conservation and favored business interests, Taft fires Gifford Pinchot (head of U.S. forestry), ran for re-election in 1912 but lost to Wilson

George Dewey

A United States naval officer remembered for his victory at Manila Bay in the Spanish-American War, U.S. naval commander who led the American attack on the Philippines

guerrilla warfare

A hit-and-run technique used in fighting a war; fighting by small bands of warriors using tactics such as sudden ambushes

Aguinaldo and other Filipinos fought with the United States during the Spanish-American War, thinking that the United States wanted to ensure independence for the Philippines. When the United States later took control of his country, Aguinaldo was furious and organized an insurrection against what he saw as imperialism.

Compare Points of View Discuss how Emilio Aguinaldo's opinion of the United States changed after the Spanish-American War.

Jose Marti

Cuban poet and journalist who organized a guerilla revolution against Spain in 1895- "Cuba Libre" free Cuba was his battle cry-and sought US support and intervention.

U.S. troops were poorly trained and supplied with obsolete weapons, impractical clothing, and contaminated food. In addition, the spread of malaria and yellow fever resulted in many U.S. casualties. However, the United States was able to win the war despite these adversities.

Describe the conditions that U.S. troops faced during the Spanish-American War, and how they affected the war's outcome.

William McKinley named Theodore Roosevelt as his vice-presidential running mate in his presidential campaign against William Jennings Bryan. Roosevelt was widely regarded as a war hero of the Spanish-American War, and McKinley won the election partly on Roosevelt's popularity.

Discuss the role of the Spanish-American War in determining the winner of the 1900 U.S. presidential election.

The Yellow Press publications exaggerated Spanish offences and compared the Cuban rebellion to the American Revolution, which inspired American jingoism and anger toward Spain. American popular opinion of Spain dropped before the onset of the Spanish-American War.

Explain how the Yellow Press affected relations between the United States and Spain.

Emilio Aguinaldo

Leader of the Filipino independence movement against Spain (1895-1898). He proclaimed the independence of the Philippines in 1899, but his movement was crushed and he was captured by the United States Army in 1901.

Yellow Press

Newspapers that used sensational headlines and exaggerated stories in order to promote readership

insurrection

Rebellion or revolt against a government or similarly established authority

The Treaty of Paris concluded the Spanish American War. From the treaty America got Guam, Puerto Rico and they paid 20 million dollars for the Philippines. Cuba was freed from Spain. Teller Amendment declared that the US had no desire for control in Cuba & pledged the US would leave the island alone. Public opinion in U.S. divided over the issue of imperialism in Philippines. They had to give up the island and from then on other nations could get it.

Summarize the results of the Treaty of Paris and the Teller Amendment, and explain why these proved to be complicated for the United States.

Rough Riders

The First United States Volunteer Calvary, a mixure of Ivy League athletes and western frontiermen, volunteered to fight in the Spanish-American War. Enlisted by Theodore Roosevelt, they won many battles in Florida and enlisted in the invasion army of Cuba.

Treaty of Paris 1898

The treaty that concluded the Spanish American War, Commissioners from the U.S. were sent to Paris on October 1, 1898 to produce a treaty that would bring an end to the war with Spain after six months of hostilitiy. From the treaty America got Guam, Puerto Rico and they paid 20 million dollars for the Philipines. Cuba was freed from Spain.

William Randolph Hearst

United States newspaper publisher whose introduction of large headlines and sensational reporting changed American journalism (1863-1951). He ran The New York Journal and helped create and propagate "yellow (sensationalist) journalism."

A victory over Hitler's racism abroad and a victory over racism at home. They were still Americans. Both fought in battles that secured the surrender of Santiago, Cuba.

What do you think motivated African Americans to join the armed forces during the Spanish-American War?

sickness

What threat posed the greatest danger to U.S. forces during the Spanish-American War?

The Americans completely surprised the Spanish fleet that was stationed in the bay. Spanish expected them in Cuba.

Why did American forces likely launch their attack on the Philippines from the British port city of Hong Kong?

They argued that the United States had a responsibility to govern the Filipinos. They reasoned that the islands represented a valuable stepping stone to trade in China. They warned that if the United States gave up the Philippines, other nations would take control of them.

Why did American leaders think it was important to keep the Philippines?

McKinley asked Congress for the authority to use force against Spain to end the fighting in Cuba "in the name of humanity, in the name of civilization, in behalf of endangered American interests."

Why did Americans object to Spanish actions in Cuba?

The rebels believed they were fighting for the same principle of self-rule that had inspired America's colonial patriots during the American Revolution.

Why did hostilities erupt in the Philippines after the Spanish-American War?

jingoism

extreme, chauvinistic patriotism, often favoring an aggressive, warlike foreign policy