UTD Voice Disorders quizzes

Which is the only intrinsic laryngeal muscle that you can feel from the outside of your throat?

You can't directly feel the intrinsic laryngeal muscles because they are encapsulated within laryngeal framework

Other than phonation/vocalization, the larynx plays a role in (check all that apply)

airway protection, postural stability, and respiratory modulation

The posterior aspect of the vocal folds attach to which cartilage?

arytenoid

This diagnosis is due to faulty airway protection (check all that apply)

chronic cough, laryngospasms, irritable larynx syndrome

This structure was once thought to be vestigial, but may actually act as a vocal intensifier or vocal resonator

conus elasticus

which laryngeal structure is NOT involved in vocal intensity / projection?

corniculate cartilage

Which laryngeal muscle(s) play a direct role in pitch modulation? (check all that apply)

cricothyroid

Which muscle is the primary regulator of pitch?

cricothyroid

Which of these joints allow movement of the vocal folds? (check all that apply)

cricothyroid and cricoarytenoid

Increasing subglottic pressure while keeping all other laryngeal function the same ...

increases volume

Difficulty raising pitch directly following thyroid surgery might suggest the following as a main diagnosis:

injured superior laryngeal nerve

which laryngeal muscles are the primary muscles of vocal fold adduction?

interarytenoids, lateral cricoarytenoids

In the biomechanical 3-layer system, the "vocal ligament" consists of:

intermediate and deep lamina propria

The following approaches are appropriate for otherwise healthy professional voice users, like teachers, singers, and actors with vocal impairments (check all that apply):

lessac madsen, laryngeal massage, semi occluded vocal tract exercises

To keep subglottal pressure consistent so we don't end up dropping off at the ends of our phrases (below 38% REL), we can use which of the following muscles? (check all that apply)

not really sure

The cricoarytenoid joint allows for (check all that apply)

opening and closing the vocal folds

The primary and most basic biological function(s) of the larynx is:

respiratory modulation and airway protection

harsh, grating

roughness

The pharyngeal nerve innervates each of the following: (check all that apply)

soft palate and pharyngeal muscles

The "pitch changing muscle" is innervated by the:

superior laryngeal nerve

the cricothyroid muscle is innervated by which nerve?

superior laryngeal nerve

What happens when the cricothyroid muscle contracts? (check all that apply)

the vocal folds lengthen

During vocal fold oscillations (vibrations), aerodynamic forces blow the vocal folds apart and medial compression snaps the vocal folds back together after they have been displaced

true

Enhancing vocal resonance can improve voice production

true

If you notice your patient not breathing properly, you should work with them on improving diaphragmatic breathing

true

In the CPP of a typical (normal) voice, the voice signal (f0, harmonic structure) will be more "prominent" than noise in the signal.

true

Part of psychoeducational counseling for a patient with chronic cough is to help them understand that the perception of the cough is real but the physiological need is not

true

Spectral analysis is on the time-based domain while cepstral analysis is on the frequency-based domain

true

The difference between respiratory support and respiratory coordination is that the former should only be used for people with respiratory system weakness, but the latter can be used with anyone who has issues between their laryngeal-respiratory subsystems.

true

The sternohyoid functions to pull the hyoid bone down

true

The superior laryngeal nerve provides the majority of sensation to the laryngeal mucosa

true

The thyroid notch is known as the "Adam's apple"

true

The thyroid notch is larger and more prominent in men than in women

true

The transverse oblique interarytenoid muscle is the only unpaired intrinsic laryngeal muscle

true

To produce phonation, the vocal folds rapidly abduct and adduct

true

the ventricular folds may be involved in vocal intensity / projection

true

When moving from a low to a high pitch, the vocal folds: (check all that apply)

decrease in mass and vibrate faster

The biomechanics of speech breathing relies on a constant interplay between active and passive forces. An active force would be the muscles that counter relaxation pressure. A passive force would be:

elastic recoil

At the very top of our breath, we need to use checking action in order to sustain ongoing phonation. Which muscles would be involved in this action? (check all that apply)

external intercostals and diaphragm

A "tracheal" shave involves shaving the trachea

false

A deviation in pitch is automatically considered a voice disorder

false

A patient with an s/z ratio of 2.3 likely has pulmonary dysfunction.

false

Adductor spasmodic dysphonia involves intermittently breathy vocal quality.

false

From a functional perspective, vocal nodules that aren't impacting a patient's vocal function is considered a voice disorder

false

Nasal flexible endoscopy is better for assessment of laryngeal tissue while transoral rigid endoscopy is better for assessment of laryngeal function

false

Presence of ventricular (false fold) compression is a sign of a voice disorder

false

Resonance is where the voice falls on the scale, while pitch is the tone quality and placement of the voice

false

Resonant voice therapy is an approach based on the musculoskeletal "active ingredient" in direct voice therapy

false

The best approach for voice communication are vocal facilitators

false

The external intercostals are associated with passive exhalation

false

The glottis is the space between the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage

false

The lateral cricoarytenoid functions to abduct the vocal folds

false

Vocal function exercises and push/pull techniques actually strengthen (i.e., bulk up) the vocal folds

false

When producing a long sustained note, the diaphragm contracts and pushes air out of the lungs

false

With the phonatory aerodynamic system (PAS), the voiceless /p/ is used to assess transglottic airflow while the /a/ is used to determine subglottic pressures.

false

It is generally a good idea to review all vocal hygiene strategies with everyone on your caseload

false--individual to the patient

Unileral or bilateral amorphous lesion within the vocal fold that significantly reduces vocal fold wave

fibrous mass

In order for motor learning to have occurred, the following is needed (check all that apply)

generalizability and retention

Which muscles elevate the larynx? (check all that apply)

geniohyoid, digastric, mylohyoid

Lesion at the vocal process that can be caused by prolonged intubation or reflux

granuloma

The following is the only bone in the larynx:

hyoid

The extrinsic infrahyoid muscles are innervated by which cranial nerve?

hypoglossal

The following can only be measured on a sustained vowel (check all that apply):

% shimmer, % jitter, noise to harmonic ratio

Why are functional laryngeal breathing disorders difficult to diagnose?

- symptoms are acute - symptoms are transient - cannot replicate the trigger in the clinic

This voice disorder is progressive and degenerative (check all that apply)

ALS

Which characteristics are involved in shaping a more feminine speech quality?

Elongated vowels More legato speech Consonants with lighter contact Brighter vowels

Which of the following is not true of auditory perceptual analysis?

Experienced raters are more accurate in auditory-perceptual analysis than novice raters

During quiet breathing, exhalation occurs via:

Passive elastic recoil of the thorax and lung tissue

Which of the following are downsides to spectral methods? (check all that apply)

They are influenced by intonation They cannot be used with connected speech They cannot be used with severely dysphonic voices

Damage to the vagus nerve can impact both voice and swallowing

true

In addition to the individual's gender, what other factors should we take into account when helping the client/patient find voice and communication expression that aligns with their gender?

Whether the client/patient has had gender reassignment / affirming surgery The client/patient's safety The client/individual's personality The client/patient's culture

if a patient's voice is super breathy, there may be a problem with which of the following?

a damaged recurrent laryngeal nerve or how well the vocal folds are closing

Which of the following components of a voice evaluation is PRIMARILY the role of the SLP?

acoustic and aerodynamic assessment, auditory perceptual analysis, stimulability testing

Lengthening and stiffening the vocal folds results in:

an increase in frequency and pitch

complete loss of voice

aponia

Which muscles contract with inhalation?

diaphragm and external intercostals

combination of roughness and breathiness

dysphonia

To keep subglottal pressure consistent so we don't end up dropping off at the ends of our phrases (above 38% REL), we use these muscles: (check all that apply)

i dont know

In a variant of spasmodic dysphonia, the vocal folds uncontrollably spasm open during speech. Botox treatment temporarily paralyzes the offending muscle. Which muscle should the doctor inject to get the best outcome?

posterior cricoarytenoid muscles

Which muscle(s) open the vocal folds? (check all that apply)

posterior cricoarytenoids

if the vocal folds are closing off / obstructing the airways, which intrinsic muscles could be involved?

posterior cricoarytenoids, lateral cricoarytenoids, interarytenoids

which muscle courses in the same direction as the stylohyoid

posterior digastric

This voice disorder is primarily characterized by vocal fold bowing

presbylarynges

What is similar between therapy for laryngeal breathing disorders and airway protection disorders?

promote body awareness and self efficacy, utilize SOVT exercises in their rescue and recovery

The interarytenoid muscles are innervated by the:

recurrent laryngeal nerve

The vocal folds themselves are directly innervated by the:

recurrent laryngeal nerve

Overactivation of which of the following muscles could suggest inefficient or dysfunctional speech breathing?

sternocleidomastoid and scalenes

which laryngeal muscle is a primary laryngeal depressor

sternothyroid

strident and effortful quality

strained

The mucosal waveform of the vocal folds is generated by

the out-of-phase motion of the inferior lip followed by the superior lip of the vocal folds--may be wrong

Damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve may cause difficulty in ab/adducting the vocal folds

true

Which of the following are pros of acoustic assessment? (check all that apply)

they can be used for pre and post assessment they are objective

Which extrinsic laryngeal muscle decreases the distance between the hyoid and the thyroid cartilage?

thyrohyoid

Blood vessels enter the larynx through the:

thyrohyoid membrane

which cartilage "houses" the vocal folds

thyroid cartilage

Airflow measures estimate the amount of mL/sec needed to sustain vocal fold oscillations while pressure measures estimate how much cmH20 are required to initiate vocal fold oscillations

true

Sac-like collection of fluid in the sub-epithelial space or ligament that requires surgery

vocal fold cyst

Symmetric, bilateral lesions of the epithelium that respond well to voice therapy

vocal fold nodules

Translucent or hemorrhagic lesion(s) in the sub-epithelial space

vocal fold polyp

Suprasegmentals can be manipulated in which of the following to make a transgender client's / patient's voice and communication align more with their gender identity (check all that apply):

volume, pitch, length of speech sounds