Uterus and vagina

A patient presents to the sonography department with a history of uterine prolapsed. Which of the following best describes this disorder? A. A condition that results from the weakening of the pelvic diaphragm muscles and allow for the displacement of the uterus, often through the vagina B. A congenital anomaly that results in the duplication of the uterus C. A condition that results in the abnormal invasion of the myometrium through the bladder wall leading to hematuria D. An abnormality that describes the inversion of the myometrium and endometrium

A. A condition that results from the weakening of the pelvic diaphragm muscles and allow for the displacement of the uterus, often through the vagina

The largest part of the uterus is the: A. Corpus B. Isthmus C. Cervix D. Fundus

A. Corpus

The innominate bones of the pelvis consists of the: A. Ischium, ilium, and pubic bones B. Ilium, sacrum, and coccyx bones C. Sacrum, ischium, and ilium bones

A. Ischium, ilium, and pubic bones

The invasion of endometrial tissue into the myometrium of the uterus is referred to as: A. Amenorrhea B. Endometriosis C. Adenomyomatosis D. Adenomyosis

D. Adenomyosis

Leiomyomas that project from a stalk are termed: A. Submucosal B. Intramural C. Subserosal D. Pedunculated

D. Pedunculated

The muscles that may be confused with the ovaries on a pelvic sonogram include the: A. Rectus abdominis and obturator interns muscles B. Levator ani and coccygeus muscles Obturator interns and elevator ani muscles D. Piriformis and iliopsoas muscles

D. Piriformis and iliopsoas muscles

The bilateral muscles that are located posterior to and extend from the sacrum to the femoral greater trochanter are the: A. Levator ani muslces B. Rectus abdominis muscles C. Obturator interns muscles D. Piriformis muscles

D. Piriformis muscles

What other term is used to describe the space of Retzius? A. Posterior cul-de-sac B. Anterior cul-de-sac C. Murphy pouch D. Retropubic space

D. Retropubic space

What congenital malformation of the uterus is common and has clear association with an increases risk for spontaneous abortion? A. Anteflexed uterus B. Levoverted uterus C. Dextroverted uterus D. Septate uterus

D. Septate uterus

Which of the following would be considered the more common uterine anomaly? A. Bicornis univernus B. Bicornis bicollis C. Uterus didelphys D. Septate uterus

D. Septate uterus

Prolapse of the pelvic organs most often involves: A. Rectus abdominis and obturator internus muscles B. Levator ani and coccygeus muslces C. Obturator interns and levator ani muscles D. Piriformis and iliopsoas muscles

B. Levator ani and coccygeus muslces

The pelvic ligament that provides support to the ovary and extends from the ovary to the lateral surface of the uterus is the: A. Cardinal ligament B. Ovarian ligament C. Broad ligament D. Suspensory ligament of the ovary

B. Ovarian ligament

The superior portion of the cervix is the: A. Cornu D. Corpus C. Internal os D. External os

C. Internal os

The pelvis ligament that extends from the lateral aspect of the uterus to the side walls of the pelvis is: A. Broad ligament B. Ovarian ligament C. Piriformis ligament D. Round ligament

A. Broad ligament

The ligament that houses the vasculature of the uterus is the: A. Cardial ligament B. Ovarian ligament C. Broad ligament D. Suspensory ligament of the ovary

A. Cardial ligament

The pelvic muscle group that is located between the coccyx and the pubis is the: A. Levator ani muscles B. Rectus abdominis muscles C. Obturator interns muscles D. Piriformis muscle

A. Levator ani muscles

All of the following are clinical findings associated with leiomyoma except: A. Myometiral cysts B. Infertility C. Palpable pelvic mass D. Menorrhagia

A. Myometiral cysts

Precocious puberty is defined as the development of pubic hair, breast, and the genitals before the age of: A. 13 B. 8 C. 5 D. 10

B. 8

The abdominal aorta bifurcates into the : A. Internal iliac arteries B. Common iliac arteries C. Ovarian arteries D. External iliac arteries

B. Common iliac arteries

A 24-year-old female patient presents to the sonography department for pelvic sonogram with an indication of pelvic pain. Upon sonographic interrogation, the songrapher notes an anechoic mass within the vagina. This mass most likely represents a: A. Nabothian cyst B. Gartner duct cyst C. Dandy-Walker cyst D. Ovarian cyst

B. Gartner duct cyst

A simple fluid accumulation within the vagina secondary to an imperforate hymen is: A. Hydrometrcolpos B. Hydocolpos C. Hematometra D. Hematocolpos

B. Hydocolpos

What section of the uterus is also referred to as the lower uterine segment? A. Cervis B. Isthmus C. Fundus D. Cornu

B. Isthmus

Fluid noted posterior to the uterus would most likely be located within the: A. Space of Retzius B. Pouch of Douglas C. Anterior cul-de-sac D. Adnexa

B. Pouch of Douglas

The uterine artery branches off the: A. Abdominal aorta B. Uterine plexus C. Internal iliac artery D. External iliac artery

C. Internal iliac artery

The true pelvis is delineated from the false pelvis by the: A. Space of Retzius B. Adneax C. Linea terminalis D. Iliac crest

C. Linea terminalis

The surgical removal of a fibroid is termed: A. Hysterosonogram B. Total abdominal hysterectomy C. Myomectomy D.Uterine artery embolization

C. Myomectomy

The muscle located lateral to the ovaries is the: A. Iliopsoas muscle B. Rectus abdominis muscle C. Obturator interns muscle D. Piriformis muscle

C. Obturator interns muscle

What leiomyoma location would have an increased risk to undergo torsion? A. Subserosal B. Intracavitary C. Pedunculated D. Submucosal

C. Pedunculated

The vagina is located ______ to the uterus. A. anterior B. posterior C. inferior D. medial

C. inferior

The most superior and widest portion of the uterus is the: A. Corpus B. Isthmus C. Cervix D. Fundus

D. Fundus

The paired embryonic ducts that develop into the female urogenital tract are the: A. Fallopian ducts B. Wolffian ducts C. Gartner ducts D. Mullerian ducts

D. Mullerian ducts

The pelvis ligament that provides support to the ovary to the pelvic side wall is the: A. Cardinal ligament B. Ovarian ligament C. Broad ligament D. Suspensory ligament of the ovary

D. Suspensory ligament of the ovary

Which vessels supply blood to the deeper layers of the myometrium? A. Radial arteries B. Spiral arteries C. Straight arteries D. Arcuate arteries

A. Radial arteries

Another name for the rectouterine pouch is the: A. Space of Retzius B. Pouch of Retzius C. Pouch of Douglas D. Anterior cul-de-sac

C. Pouch of Douglas

What is considered the most dependent part of the peritoneal cavity? A. Space of Retzius B. Anterior cul-de-sac C. Pouch of Douglas D. Rectovessicual pouch

C. Pouch of Douglas

Leiomyosarcoma of the uterus denotes: A. The benign invasion of endometrial tissue into the myometrium B. The ectopic location of endometrial tissue in the adnexa C. The malignant counterpart of a fibroid D. And anechoic, simple cyst located within the cervix

C. The malignant counterpart of a fibroid

Congenital malformation of the uterus that results in complete duplication of the genital tract is: A. Unicornuate uterus B. Bicornis bicollis C. Uterus didelphys D. Subseptate uterus

C. Uterus didelphys

The sonographic pelvic examination of a female patient reveals an extensive amount of ascites in the transverse place, you visualize two echogenic structures extending from the side walls of the uterus to the pelvic side walls bilaterally. These structures are most likely the: A. Broad ligaments B. Cardinal ligaments C. Ovarian ligaments D. Uterosacral ligaments

A. Broad ligaments

A 38-year-old female patient presents to the sonography department of a pelvis sonogram with an indication of pelvic pain. Upon sonography interrogation, the sonographer notes an anechoic mass within the cervix. This mass most likely represents a: A. Nabothian cyst B. Benign follicular cyst C. Dermoid cyst D. Gartner duct cyst

A. Nabothian cyst

Which of the following fibroid locations would most likely result in abnormal uterine bleeding because of its relationship to the endometrium? A. Submucosal B. Intramural C. Subserosal D. Subserosal pedunculated

A. Submucosal

The paired muscles that are located lateral to the uterus and anterior to the iliac crest are the: A. iliopsoas muscled B. Rectus abdominis muscle C. Obturator interni muscles D. Piriformis muscle

A. iliopsoas muscled

Anechoic fluid noted distending the uterus and vagina within a pediatric patient is termed: A. Hydrocolpos B. Hydrometrocolpos C. Hydrometra D. Hematometrocolpos

B. Hydrometrocolpos

What structure within the female pelvis lies posterior to the urinary bladder and anterior to the rectum? A. Broad ligaments B. Rectus abdominis muscle C. Space of Retzius D. Uterus

D. Uterus

The recesses of the vagina are the: A. Cornu B. Isthmi C. Fornices D. Parity

C. Fornices

Abnormally heavy and prolonged menstrual flow between period is termed: A. Menometrorrhagia B. Menarche C. Menorrhagia D. Dysmenorrhea

A. Menometrorrhagia

The anterior cul-de-sac is also referred to as the: A. Space of Retzius B. Rectouterine Pouch C. Pouch of Douglas D. Vesicouterine pouch

D. Vesicouterine pouch

The urinary bladder, uterus, and ovaries are located within the: A. True Pelvis B. False Pelvis

A. True Pelvis

The right ovarian artery branches off the: A. Aorta B. Right renal vein C. Uterine artery D. Internal iliac artery

A. Aorta

The layer of the endometrium that is significantly altered as a result of hormonal stimulation during the menstrual cycle is the: A. Myometrium B. Endometrial cavity C. Functional layer D. Basal layer

C. Functional layer

Which of the following is typically not a clinical complaint of women who are suffering from adenomyosis? A. Amenorrhea B. Dsymenorrhea C. Dyspareunia D. Menometrorrhagia

A. Amenorrhea

The uterine position in which the corpus tilts forward and comes in contact with the cervix describes: A. Anteflexion B. Anteversion C. Retroflexion D. Retroversion

A. Anteflexion

The area of attachment of the fallopian tubes to the uterus is the: A. Fundus B. Corpus C. Isthmus D. Cornua

D. Cornua

Pelvic bones, when visualized on sonography, will produce: A. Posterior shadowing B. Posterior enhancement C. Mirror imge artifact D. Minimal enhancement

A. Posterior shadowing

A patient presents to the sonography department for a pelvic sonogram with a history of adenomyosis that was diagnosed following an MRI of pelvis. What are the most likely sonographic findings? A. Complex, bilateral adnexal masses B. Myometrial cysts with enlargement of the posterior uterine wall C. Endometrial thinning and cervical dilation D. Uterine atrophy with bilateral ovarian cysts

B. Myometrial cysts with enlargement of the posterior uterine wall

The ovary is supplied blood by the: A. Ovarian artery B. Ovarian artery and uterine artery C. Uterine artery D. Arcuate artery

B. Ovarian artery and uterine artery

Absence of a menstruation is referred to as: A. Dysuria B. Dysmenorrhea C. Amenorrhea D. Menorrhagia

C. Amenorrhea

The normal position of the uterus is: A. Retroverted B. Retroflexed C. Anteverted D. Dysverted

C. Anteverted

The rigid region of the uterus located between the vagina and the isthmus is the: A. Cornu B. Corpus C. Cervix D. Fundus

C. Cervix

Difficult or painful intercourse is referred to as: A. Dysuria B. Dysmenorrhea C. Dyspareunia D. Hydrocolpos

C. Dyspareunia

Peritoneal spaces located posterior to the broad ligament are referred to as the: A. Rectourterine spaces B. Anterior cul-de-sacs C. Lateral cul-de-sacs D. Adnexa

D. Adnexa

The peripheral arteries of the uterus are the: A. Radial arteries B. Spiral arteries C. Straight arteries D. Arcuate arteries

D. Arcuate arteries

A 13-year-old girl presents to the sonography department with a history of cyclic pain, abdominal swelling, and amenorrhea. Sonograpically, you visualize an enlarged uterus and distended vagina that contain anechoic fluid with debris. What is the most likely diagnosis? A. Cervical stenosis B. Adenomyosis C. Endometriosis D. Hematocolpos

D. Hematocolpos

Pelvic bones, when visualized on sonography, will appear: A. Anechoic B. Hypoechoic C. Dark D. Hyperechoic

D. Hyperechoic

The location of a fibroid within the myometrium in termed: A. Submucosal B. Intracavitary C. Subserosal D. Intramural

D. Intramural

The inferior portion of the cervix closest to the vagina is the: A. Cornu B. Internal os C. External os D. Inferior fornix

C. External os

The outer layer of the endometrium is the: A. Myometrium B. Endometrial cavity C. Functional layer D. Basal layer

D. Basal layer

The left ovarian vein drains directly into the: A. Right renal vein D. Inferior vena cava C. Aorta D. Left renal vein

D. Left renal vein

The inner mucosal lining of the uterus is the: A. Myometrium B. Endometrium C. Serial layer D. Perimetrium

B. Endometrium

Both the straight and spiral arteries are branches of the: A. Common iliac artery B. Radial artery C. Arcuate artery D. External iliac artery

B. Radial artery

Which of the following would be most indicative of a leiomyosarcoma? A. Vaginal bleeding B. Rapid growth C. Dysuria D. Large hypoechoic mass

B. Rapid growth

The uterine arteries supply blood to all of the following except: A. Fallopian tubes B. Rectum C. Ovaries D. Uterus

B. Rectum

Which of the following are the paired anterior abdominal muscles that extend from the xiphoid process of the sternum to the pubic bone? A. Iliopsoas muscle B. Rectus abdominis muscle C. Obturator interni muscle D. Piriformis muscle

B. Rectus abdominis muscle

The artery that directly supply blood to the functional layer of the endometrium are the: A. Radial arteries B. Spiral arteries C. Straight arteries D> Arcuate arteries

B. Spiral arteries

Upon sonographic evaluation of a patient complaining of abnormal distention, you visualize a large, hypoechoic mass distorting the anterior border of the uterus. What is the most likely location of this mass? A. Intramural B. Subserosal C. Submucosal D. Intracavitary pedunculated

B. Subserosal

Fluid noted anterior to the uterus would most likely be located within the: A. Pouch of Douglas B. Vesicouterine pouch C. Space of Retzius D. Rectouterine pouch

B. Vesicouterine pouch

Pelvis muscles appear: A. Echogenic B. Anechoic C. Hypoechoic D. Complex

C. Hypoechoic

The right ovarian vein drains directly into the: A. Right renal vein B. Aorta C. Inferior vena cava D. Common iliac vein

C. Inferior vena cava

The space of Retzius is located: A. Between the uterus and bladder B. Between the bladder and ilium C. Along the lateral aspect of the uterus D. Between the bladder and pubic bone

D. Between the bladder and pubic bone

Pseudoprecocious puberty may be associated with all of the following except: A. Ovarian tumor B. Adrenal tumor C. Liver tumor D. Brain tumor

D. Brain tumor

All of the following are sonographic findings consistent with adenomyosis except: A. Diffuse, enlarge uterus B. Myometrial cysts C. Hypoechoic areas adjacent to the endometrium D. Complex adnexal mass

D. Complex adnexal mass