VIS 21B India Midterm 1
Standing Bodhisattva Circa, 3rd c. CE Pakistan - Wearing accessories : 2 possibilities: 1) Bodhisattva vowed to become Buddha, but accessories means that he was staying until everyone becomes Buddha 2) Accessory defines the high social status - Gandhara style: good built
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Maya
Shakyamuni's mother
Gandhara Style
Greco-Roman influences Ushnisha: "the wisdom bump on the crown of the head" Urna: "a curl of hair between the eyebrows" Halo: sign of divinity kinship (in India and Central Asia) *Contrapposto - counter positioning; right foot straight and the left foot forward but with a bent knee Ideal body type (broad shoulders) Able to see through the garment; the cloth sticks to the body Almond eyes, full lips, wavy hair Three lines on the neckline; called "beauty lines"
Gupta Pala Chola
Khusan (1st-2nd c. CE) Gupta (320-600CE) Pala (9th-10th century) Chola (907-1279CE)
Shiva's trident with Ardhanarishvara, Chola Dynasty, 11th-12th c. - Nandi: the bull, Shiva's vehicle - Half male, half female - Trident: weapon (for destruction) - Right 2 hands: top hand holding weapon, bottom hand resting on bull's head - Left side: bigger breast & curvy body
Shiva's trident
Vishnu Trinity/Triad, Chola Dynasty, 10th c. Shri Devi (the goddess of beauty and wealth), Bhumi Devi (the Earth goddess) - Standing posture: looking straight forward • The artists didn't understand contrapposto but understood curves --> Hand on hip to show the emphasis on curves - Men still had curves - Lips were still sensual - Drum-shape for body - Lotus leaves shape for eyes - 4 arms (2 front, 2 back): not entirely human - Weapons at the back: ability to defend themselves; ability to conquer; powerful - The female: the leg pose --> sensual • Holding lotus ==> favourite flower of Vishnu • Standing pose: tribhanga
Vishnu Trinity/Triad
Mara
evil/temptation
Deities in Hinduism
Brahma (the divine principle), Vishnu (the preserver), Shiva (the Creator/Destroyer) Vishnu's consorts: Shri Devi (the goddess of beauty and wealth), Bhumi Devi (the Earth goddess) Shiva's consorts: Parvati (the goddess of abundance of food and life) Ganesha: the son of Shiva and Parvati
Sri Devi, ca. 1100 CE San Diego Museum of Art Goddess of beauty and wealth - Statues are small so that they can be carried around for festivals; considered as "responsive" deities - Curvy shape
Sri Devi
