vocabulary for ielts (revise listening part from unit 3-4) (09/07/2017)

breathe (v) (bri:ð). breath (n) (breθ).

to pump blood (pʌmp) (blʌd)

3c, 3d. bath (n) (bɑ:θ; bæθ). bathe (v) (beið). birth (bə:θ). He's been so happy since the birth of his son. breath (n) (breθ). I took a deep breath before diving into the water. breathe (v) (bri:ð). He can't breathe, you need to get him to hospital. (đếm đc và ko đếm đc, ???????, sao chỗ này ko đếm đc). death (deθ). growth (grouθ) (grəuθ). health (helθ) Old people should take care of their health. mouth (n) mouth (v) teeth (tiːθ)T teethe (v) (ti:ð) The baby's crying because he's teething. He's got two new teeth ONLY YESTERDAY. (???????? two new teeth, tại sao ko phải là tooth)

writhe (v) (n) (raið) (đau đớn, quằn quại) write (v) (n) (rait) The pain was so bad, she was writhing in agony. WRITHE IN PAIN, IN AGONY. 'He lay writhing in pain'. in agony, in pain (trong đau đớn).

Eat moderate portions and DON'T BE TEMPTED TO order a larger size when eating out. Skipping meals can LEAD TO overeatING as you will be much hungrier later. so be sure to eat regularly if you want to curb (kiềm chế, kiền nén) your appetite. curb (v) (kiềm chế, kiềm nén): to control or limit ST in order to prevent it from having a harmful effect. 'measures to curb the spread of the virus'.

1. lead SO to Vo 2. lead to SO Ving or lead to Ving (ex trên mạng) That problem will lead to us spending more money. That problem will lead to spending more money. (ex longman) What led him to kill his wife? His actions could lead to him losing his job.

Being too thin can cause as many health problems as being overweight. 'If you leave valuables in your car it will tempt thieves'.

A nutrient: is anything that nourishes a living being. We, humans, get our nutrients from what we eat, plants get theirs from the soil. While the best nutrients are natural, we can also get them from vitamins in a bottle.

chronic (a1) ('krɔnik) (kinh niên, mạn tính) being long-lasting and recurrent or characterized by long suffering ( long suffering, sự đau đớn kéo dài). 'chronic indigestion' (chứng khó tiêu mạn tính). (a2) (thường xuyên, lặp đi lặp lại) a chronic problem is one that continues for a long time and cannot easily be solved. 'chronic money problems' 'chronic unemployment'. 'There is a chronic shortage of teachers'. (việc thiếu giáo viên). (a3) (ăn sâu, bám chặt, thành thói quen) habitual 'a chronic smoker'. chronic alcoholic, gambler (đánh bạc) ('gæmbl) (a4) (thông tục) (rất khó chịu, rất xấu) (BrE) extremely bad. 'The food was absolutely chronic!'. chronically (adv). 'patients who are chronically ill'. 'The service is chronically underfunded'.

ACUTE (ə'kju:t) an acute problem is very serious. (Vocabulary) Use the adjective acute for when you want to describe something as sharp or extremely serious. (sắc bén và cực kì nguy hiểm). (y học) (cấp tính) 'The housing shortage is more acute than first thought'. PSYCHOLOGICAL (a) (tâm lý) mental or emotional as opposed to physical in nature 'give psychological support' 'psychological warfare' (chiến tranh tâm lý) = actions intended to reduce an opponent's morale. (tinh thần của đối thủ)

Aerobic exercise. exercise (2 nghĩa, 1 là uncountable, nghĩa luyện tập thể dục thể thao = physical activitieS) (2 là countable, nghĩa bài tập). (n1): (FOR HEALTH): physical activities that you do in order to stay healthy and become stronger. 'Try to fit SOME regular EXERCISE (ko có S) into your daily routine'. 'Working in an office, I don't GET many exercises'. DO/ TAKE EXERCISE 'Most people need to do more exercise'. 2 (MOVEMENT) (các động tác, tác bài tập) (thường đc sử dụng là exerciseS, số nhiều) (COUNTABLE). 'stretching exerciseS'. 'You can DO exerciseS to strengthen your stomach muscles'.

Aerobic exercise (sự tuyện tập thể dục làm tăng nhịp hô hấp và nhịp tim). Aerobic exerciseS (các bài tập làm tăng nhịp hô hấp và nhịp tim). aerobic (eə'roubik) (a1) (sinh vật) (phải có khí mới sống đc, ưa khí): using oxygen. 'aerobic bacteria'. (vi khuẩn ưa khí) (a2) aerobic exercise: a type of exercise intended to strengthen the heart and lungs. 'running, swimming, and other forms of aerobic exercise (KO CÓ S). AEROBICS (n) (eə'roubikS) (thể dục nhịp điệu): a very active type of physical exercise done to music, usually in a class.

If you're not used to exercise, (nếu bạn ko quen với việc tập thể dục) be sure to pay careful attention to your body. One SURE SIGN (ʃuə sain) that you may be overdoing it IS if you can't carry on a conversation while you exercise. To give your body have a chance to recover, it's also best to alternate exercise days with rest days.

IF YOU ARE NOT USED TO EXERCISE (nếu bạn ko QUEN VỚI) be used to Vo (quen với điều gì, cái gì) 2/ To be + V-ing/ Noun: Trở nên quen với He is used to swimming every day : Anh ấy đã quen với việc đi bơi mỗi ngày. VD: - I'm used to living on my own. I've done it for quite a long time. ( Tôi thường ở 1 mình, và tôi đã ở một mình được một khoảng thời gian khá lâu) - Hans has lived in England for over a year so he is used to driving on the left now. ( Hans đã sống ở Anh hơn 1 năm rồi nên giờ anh ấy quen lái xe bên tay trái) - They've always lived in hot countries so they aren't used to the cold weather here.( Họ luôn sống ở các vùng nhiệt đới nên họ không quen với khí hậu lạnh ở đây) 3/ to get used to + V-ing/ noun He got used to American food : I got used to getting up early in the morning. Tôi đã dần dần quen với việc thức dậy sớm vào buổi sáng VD: - I didn't understand the accent when I first moved here but I quickly got used to it. ( Lần đầu tiên chuyển đến đây, tôi đã không hiểu được giọng nói ở vùng này nhưng giờ tôi đã nhanh chóng quen dần với nó) - She has started working nights and is still getting used to sleeping during the day. ( Cô ấy bắt đầu làm việc vào ban đêm và dần quen với việc ngủ suốt ngày) - I have always lived in the country but now I'm beginning to get used to living in the city. ( Tôi luôn sống ở miền quê nhưng giờ đây tôi bắt đầu dần quen với việc sống ở thành phố)

The diet that is high in fat can gradually cause a build-up in your arteries that slowS down the blood flows and even block (blɔk) small arteries. build-up (n) = increase (n) (sự tích lũy, tăng dần): an increase over period time. 'a heavy build-up of traffic on the motorway'. build up = accumulate = increase gradually (v): (tăng dần) build-up (n) or build up (v) (đều dịch là tăng dần, or tích lũy dần) slow = slow up = slow down (làm chậm dần): become slower or make ST slower. 'Her breathing slowed and she fell asleep'. 'Ian slowed up as he approached the traffic lights'.

If an artery that carries blood (blʌd) to the heart become blocked (blɔk) (sau become + adj/ Ved), the heart muscle can die. This is known as a heart attack (ə'tæk) and sufferers must receive treatment quickly. (treatment, [C], [U]) sufferer (người chịu đau đớn, kiểu bệnh nhân ak, ~ victim) a person suffering from an illness. 'sufferer from headaches' 'AIDS, cancer, asthma, arthritis sufferers'. arthritis (ɑ:'θraitis) (n) (bệnh viêm khớp).

SUFFER (có 3 nghĩa, 1 và 2 là, bị, chịu, trải qua đau đớn, or bad situation, 3 là, become worse) -> sufferer (ng bị, chịu, trải qua đau đớn do bệnh :3) (v1) (PAIN) (đau, bị đau, trải qua cơn đau, vì bệnh gì đó) suffer from = has: to experience physical and mental pain. 'At least he died suddenly and didn't suffer'. 'She's suffering a lot of pain'. 'I'm suffering from ill health at the moment'. (v2) (chịu, bị, trải qua 1 điều kiện tồi tệ) (BAD EXPERIENCE/ SITUATION): if SO suffer an unpleasant or difficult experience, or is in a difficult situation, it happens to them or they experience it. 'London employers were suffering from a desperate shortage of school-leavers'. (chịu, bị, trải qua 1(a) des....). 'Most of us have SUFFERED THE CONSEQUENCES of stupid decisions taken by others'. (v3): BECOME WORSE (trở nên tồi tệ hơn): to become worse in quality because a bad situation is affecting ST or because nobody is taking care of it. 'Safety might suffer if costs are cut'. 'I'm worried and my work is beginning to suffer'.

If the blockage (blɔk) occurs in an artery that carries blood to the brain, part of the brain can die. This is known as a stroke. The effect of a stroke can be debilitating and there is no known cure. blockage: ST that is stopping movement in a narrow place. 'a blockage in the pipe'. debilitate (v) (làm yếu đi, làm suy nhược): To debilitate something is to make it weaker. A bad flu may debilitate your powers of concentration, like the New Year's resolutions that temporarily debilitate bakeries' business. 'He was debilitated by his illness'. 'The state is debilitated by inefficiency and corruption'. DEBILITATING (a). 'a debilitating disease' (1 bệnh làm yếu người). 'debilitating weather'. (thời tiết làm người, làm mệt người).

10. Try to include one serving (phần, helping) of fruits and vegetables at every meal. When you know you need at least five servings of fruit and vegetables every day, it can seem overwhelming. Just include one with every meal. Banana at breakfast? That's one. Your salad at lunch? There's another (or two depending on the size). You'll be surprised at how quickly they add up.(bạn sẽ ngạc nhiên khi thấy số phần rau quả sẽ tăng nhanh)

Những cụm từ, cấu trúc thường xuyên/có thể bắt gặp trong kỳ thi IELTS ( Phần 9 ) 1.To concentrate on sth/Ving = Focus on sth/Ving = Tập trung vào việc gì Ex: Concentrating on IELTS listening is a must if you wish to get high score 2. To afford to V = To bear the cost of Sth = Đủ tiền, đủ sức làm một việc gì đó Ex: She can't afford to buy this house due to her insufficient savings 3. Lead to Sth = Bring about sth= cause sth = Gây ra cái gì, dẫn đến cái gì Ex:Wearing helmets will lead to fewer deaths on the road 4. To intend to V= To plan to V: Dự định làm gì, lên kế hoạch làm gì Ex: Tuan Anh plans to enroll in Pre-Ielts course for his higher education, this month 5. Compensate for sth = Make up for sth: Đền bù cái gì Ex: It is so difficult for our state to compensate for this loss. Because total damage is uncountable 6. Turn down sth = Reject sth = Từ chối điều gì, cái gì Ex: She turned down his petition immediately because she was afraid that her kindness would be made use of. 7. Convert sth into sth = Change sth into sth = Biến đổi cái gì thành cái gì Ex: The way he converts this liquid into this dish has been a mystery 8. Phase out sth = quit Sth = give up on sth = Từ bỏ, rút lui việc gì, điều gì Ex: It took three years for him to phase out smoking habit 9. Deter sb from sth/Ving = discourage sb from sth/Ving = ngăn cản ai làm việc gì Ex: Director deterred his staffs from spreading rumors about his company's clients by an open-minded talkshow 10. To be compatible with sth/sb = To be suitable for th/ sb = Thích hợp với ai, cái gì Ex: Honestly, Her face is not compatible with the major character in this novel which is going to be adapted into movie.

2.2. A. in a fixed pattern (trong 1 SỰ LẶP ĐI LẶP LẠI CỐ ĐỊNH) = regular. B. quickly = briskly. C. little and little = gradually. D. a strong suggestion = recommendation. E. speed = pace. F. doing something to excess = overdoing. G. get better = recover. H. every second one = alternate.

PATTERN (n) (cái lặp đi lặp lại nhiều lần, kiểu) (Longman: the regular way in which ST happens, develops, or is done). (vocabulary) (n) Something that repeats in a predictable way is a pattern. You might find a pattern in a series of numbers, in the material covering your couch, or in the habits of your upstairs neighbour. The noun pattern could refer to a design or to customary behaviour. Your patterns of behaviour might include your morning cup of coffee and exercise. (v) (làm mẫu): meaning "to model." For example, your art might be patterned after the artwork of a famous artist. 'Weather patterns (các kiểu thời tiết) have changed in recent years'. PATTERN OF. 'changing PATTERNS OF BEHAVIOUR among students'. (việc thay đổi các kiểu hành vi trong sinh viên) 'The child showed a normal PATTERN OF DEVELOPMENT'. PATTERN IN. 'They noticed patterns in the data'. 'A general PATTERN began to EMERGE'. 'Their description seemed to FOLLOW A SET PATTERN (= always develop in the same way). 'His behaviour FITS a PATTERN of violent acts'.

assetS (n) (SỐ NHIỀU) (tài sản) (của 1 người hay cty dừng để trả nợ): the thingS that a company owns, that can be sold to PAY DEBTS (trả nợ). IN ASSETS 'a corporation with $9 billion in assetS'. 'the value of a company's assetS'. real assetS (bất động sản). personal assetS (động sản). (n2) be an asset to SO, ST (thông tục, vốn quý, vật có ích) asset >< liability (của nợ :3) 'A sense of humour is a great asset in this business'. 'I think Rachel would be an asset (TO ST) to the department'.

PERSIST (V) (có 2 nghĩa, 1 là khăng khăng) (xấu) (2 là, kiên trì) (tốt) (Vocabulary) When someone persists they keep going or hang on. If you want to finish a marathon, you have to persist and keep running, no matter how many blisters you have. The great Roman poet Ovid once advised: "Endure and persist, this pain will turn good by and by." As Ovid's quote hints at, persistence is often associated with hardship and the reward that comes with not backing down. Synonyms include endure, follow through, and persevere (,pə:si'viə(r), while antonyms include cease (si:s) and give up. PERSIST IN Ving. 'He persisted in hiss refusal to admit responsibility'. PERSIST WITH. 'She persisted with her studies in spite of financial problems'.

3b. Narrator (nə'reitə) (người kể chuyện, người tường thuật): the person who tells the story in a book or a play (vở kịch). Part 2. So, what can you do to lose weight? Well, exercise is by far the best way. Burning calories and working off (tiêu tan, loại bỏ, biến mất) the fat will help you look and feel better. work off (ph v 1) (tiêu tan, loại bỏ, biến mất cái gì, bằng việc sử dụng rất nhiều năng lượng): to get rid of ST, especially a feeling such as anger, nervousness etc, by doing ST that uses a lot of your energy. 'Walking is excellent for working off tension'. 'I need to go and work off a few of these calories'. (ph v 2) (thanh toán hết, bán tháo): to do a job SO else because you owe them money or because they have helped you in the past. 'She hasn't worked off her debts to me yet'.

Regular (đều đặn, in a fixed pattern) exercise helps you burn calories faster, even when you're sitting still. But what is the best type of exercise for your heart? Well, studies have (əv, v) shown that aerobic exercise causes you to breathe (v, bri:ð) (breath, n, breθ) more deeply and make your heart work harder to pump blood (pʌmp) (blʌd).

The correct diet can help you control your weight and keep your arteries clear. Thereby reducing the risk of heart problems and stroke. thereby (do đó) (formal). the adverb thereby shows cause and effect: "She forgot to tie her shoes, thereby tripping (vấp, vướng chân) and falling down the stairs." Use thereby to connect two events: because of A, B happened: "Matt walked around with the frying pan on his head, thereby causing him to walk into a wall." Thereby is used in the infamous saying, written by Shakespeare: "And thereby hangs a tale" — a humorous way to let your listeners know they are about to hear an extremely long explanation as to why something happened.

There is no known cure. cure (n) (phương thuốc, liều thuốc, or sự chữa bệnh): a medicine or medical treatment that makes an illness go away. CURE FOR 'There is still no cure for AIDS'.

persistence (n) (sự kiên trì, bền bỉ) is the ability to stick with something. If you practice the violin for over a year in order to play "Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star" perfectly, that's persistence! Persistence can also mean something that lasts for a very long time. The persistence of bullying, despite years of efforts by the school, has frustrated many parents. Bed bugs are known for their persistence. Despite near eradication in the 1950s, they are back and harder to eliminate than ever.

apparatus (n1) (dụng cụ thiết bị) = equipment designed to serve a specific function. 'Astronauts ('æstrənɔ:t) have special breathing apparatus'. (n2) (anatomy) (giải phẫu học) (cấu tạo của 1 bộ máy) a group of body parts that work together to perform a given function. 'the breathing apparatus' (bộ máy hô hấp).

3a. The heart IS CONSIDERED TO be a muscle and, just like any other muscle in your body, your diet has a direct impact on a way that it works. The food you eat every day can affect (v) the way the blood (blʌd) flowS (v) through your heart and arteries.

artery ('ɑ:təri) (động mạch): one of the tubes that carry blood (blʌd) from your heart to the rest of your body.

TEST PRACTICE. Academic Reading The causes, DIAGNOSIS (,daiəg'nousis) and prevention of stress. In prehistoric times, the physical changes in response to stress were an essential adaptation for meeting natural threats. Even in the modern world, the stress response can BE AN ASSET FOR (for Ving, to SO/ST) raisING levels of performance during critical events such as sports activities, important meetings, or in situations of actual danger or crisis. If stress becomes PERSISTENT and low-level, however, all parts of the body's stress APPARATUS (the brain, heart, lungs, vessels and muscles) become CHRONICALLY over- or under-activated. This may produce physical or PSYCHOLOGICAL damage over time. ACUTE stress can also be harmful in certain situations.

diagnosis (n) (,daiəg'nousis) diagnoses (pl) (,daiəg'nousi:z) (phép chuẩn đoán) make a diagnosis 'Don't take any medicines before a doctor has made a proper diagnosis'. When a doctor tells you why you're feeling ill, he gives you a diagnosis. He asks questions, checks your symptoms, and then identifies what's making you sick. Diagnosis is a medical term, but you can diagnose lots of things: problems in a relationship, a coming economic crisis, or the reason the car won't start. If you have a sore throat, runny nose and a bad cough, most of the time doctors will diagnose a cold. If the car won't start and the lights and radio are also off, the diagnosis is simple: your battery's dead. Anytime you determine the cause of a problem, you give a diagnosis. (sự chuẩn đoán, chuẩn đoán)

Unit 3: Keeping fit_Diet, health and exercise 1.2 Complete the gaps in the text below using words from the box. How to improve your diet. - Make sure that you eat a variety of foodS. It is important to eat from all five food groups. - Eat plenty of fruit and vegetables. These contain vital nutrientS (COUNTABLE, các CHẤT dinh dưỡng thiết yếu) and leading dietitianS recommend eating at least two SERVINGS/ HELPINGS of fruit and three of vegetables every day. - Try to maintain a healthy weight. Being too thin can cause as many health problems as being overweight. Remember, the correct weight for you depends on many different factors including your age, height and sex. - Eat moderate portions and DON'T BE TEMPTED TO order a larger size when eating out. Skipping meals can LEAD TO overeatING as you will be much hungrier later. so be sure to eat regularly if you want to curb (kiềm chế, kiền nén) your appetite. - You don't need to eliminate all of your favourite foods but do check the ingredients on food labels and make sure that you reduce your intake of foods that are high in fats, sugar and salt. - If you have a food allergy, make sure you avoid any of the ingredients that can trigger an attack. (trigger = cause, gây ra) (gây ra cơn dị ứng, đại loại vại :3) attack (cơn bệnh): a sudden short period of suffering from an illness, especially an illness that you have often. 'I had a bad attack of flu at Christmas'. 'He died after SUFFERING a severe asthma ATTACK'. ('æsmə)

dietitian = dietician (,daii'ti∫n) (chuyên gia về dinh dưỡng): SO who is trained to give people advice (UNCOUNTABLE) about what it is healthy for them to eat and drink. DON'T BE TEMPTED TO Vo. tempt (xúi, dụ, xúi dục) (v1) to try to persuade (pə'sweid) SO to do ST by making it SEEM ATTRACTIVE. tempt SO into Ving, to Vo. 'The new program is designed to tempt young people into studying engineering. 'It would have a lot of money to tempt me to quit this job'. (v2) (cám dỗ, nhử, quyến rũ): to make SO want to have or do ST, even though they know they really should not. 'If you leave valuables in your car it will tempt thieves'.

In contrast, some people suffer a loss appetite ('æpətait) and consequently lóe weight. In rare cases, stress may TRIGGER hyperactivity of the thyroid gland ('θairɔid glænd) (tuyến giáp), stimulating (kích thích) appetite but causing the body to BURN UP CALORIES at a faster than normal rate. Chronically elevated levels of stress chemicals have been observed in patients... hyper- (quá, quá mức so với bình thường). at a faster than normal rate.

disturb = bother (v1) (quấy rầy) To disturb is to bother. If you hang a "Do not disturb" sign on the outside of your hotel room door, you want to be left alone. (v2) = worry (lo lắng) to make SO feel worried or upset. 'What disturbs you most about this latest development?'. (v3) (thay đổi, rối loạn): to change a normal situation in a way that causes problems. 'My hormone balance is disturbed by my pregnancy'. 'New procedures often disturb the comfortable habits of the workforce'. DISTURBANCE (n) (giống v) (sự quấy rầy, lo lắng, rối loạn).

suicide ('su:isaid) ('sju:isaid) Eating problems. Stress can have varying effects (n, v) (i'fekt) on eating problems and weight. Often stress is related to weight gain and obesity (ou'bi:siti). Many people develop cravings for salt (sɔ:lt), fat and sugar to counteract tension, and, thus, gain weight. Weight gain can occur even with a healthy diet in some people exposed to stress. In a 2000 study, lean women who gained weight in response to stress tended to be less adapt to and manage stressful conditions. The release of cortisol, a major stress hormone, appears to promote ABDOMINAL fat and may be the primary connection between stress and weight gain in such people.

obesity (n) (ou'bi:siti) crave for d= desire for (v) To crave something is to have a great desire for it, as one might crave love, fame, or French fries (khoai tây miếng giòn) craving for ST (n) (COUNTABLE). 'She had a craving for some chocolate'.

heart rate (uncountable): (tần số nhịp tim). the rate at which the heart beats; usually measured to obtain a quick evaluation of a person's health. Aerobic exercise also raiseS your heart rate and THUS burn calories. Common examples of aerobic exercise include walking (wɔ:kiη) briskly, jogging, running, swimming and cycling (chạy xe đạp). briskly (adv) ('briskli) brisk (a) (nhanh và đầy năng lượng): quick and full of energy. 'a BRISK WALK'. 'They set off at a BRISK PACE'. (bước đi, nhịp đi, tốc độ đi). 'She walked briskly in the cold air' 'After lunch', She said briskly. (n2) (kinh doanh, buôn bán) (phát đạt): trade or business that is brisk is very busy, with a lot of products being sold. 'The public bar was already doing a BRISK TRADE'. (buôn bán phát đạt). 'Trade is brisk'. (buôn bán phát đạt). (n3) (không khí) (mát mẻ, trong lành): weather that is brisk is cold and clear. 'The weather on Tuesday is brisk'. (luôn là THE WEATHER, uncountable).

rate (n) (có 3 nghĩa, (n1, giá, pay at a high rate) (n2, tốc độ, move at a high rate of speed). (v1) (đánh giá, ước định) When you pay a high rate (giá), you pay a lot of money. When you move at a high rate (tốc độ) of speed, you go fast. If you are a judge (trọng tài) at a contest (cuộc thi), you rate (đánh giá, or xếp hạng) the contestants (người thi). It's interesting how one word can have different origins (nguồn gốc) for different meanings. For example, the noun rate, referring to amounts comes from the Latin rata, "a fixed amount." But the verb rate seems to come from the Scandinavian rata, "to reject." If the person you are dating asks you to rate them against your previous partners, you might change the subject at a high rate of speed. (nếu 1 người bạn đang hẹn hò yêu cầu bạn đánh giá họ so với nyc, bạn có thể thay đổi để tài ở tốc độ cao :3 :3).

People are often unsure just how much exercise they need? Again, recent studies can help. (ði:z) These have (ði:z əv) shown (∫oun) that it is (ko có THE) best to begin slowly and gradually work up (lên dần, tiến lên dần, tiến dần) to 30 minutes of (sə ve) exercise, four to six times a week. However, you doctor may make a different recommendation based on your health. For example, it may be best to start with only a couple of minutes of exercise or begin at fairly slow pace.

show (∫ou). shown (∫oun) PACE (n) (nhịp, tốc độ phát triển, tốc độ tiến triển). Pace is how fast something travels a particular distance, like a runner who tries to achieve a consistent pace, running each mile in more or less the same amount of time. Pace comes from the Latin word passus, meaning "a step." 'Pace' is a noun, meaning "the speed at which something happens." Some say city life has a faster pace because everyone hurries and there are so many exciting things to do. 'Pace' is also a verb — if you pace yourself (làm việc có chừng mực, chạy có chừng mực), you'll have enough energy to experience all of that city's sights, from the rush of rush hour to the late-night party scene. 'learn to pace yourself'. (học cách làm việc có chừng mực).

the onset of ST = the beginning of ST, especially something bad. 'the onset of winter'. DIMINISH (di'mini∫) = REDUCE (làm giảm bớt). eliminate = totally remove (loại bỏ hoàn toàn). diminish (v1) = become or make ST become smaller or less. 'These drugs diminish blood flow to the brain'. (v2) to deliberately make SO or ST appear less important or valuable than they really are. 'Don't let him diminish your achievements'. 'But that's not to diminish the importance of his discoveries'.

threat (n) (θret) (sự đe dọa). threaten (v) ('θretn) disrupt (v) (interrupt, ngăn cản, throw ST into disorder, làm ai, cái gì rối loạn) To disrupt is to interrupt or throw something into disorder. If you don't turn your phone off before a play, it might ring and disrupt the actors and the audience.