VTPB 409 - QUIZ QUESTIONS

Antibody Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity (ADCC) involves which of the following:

Fc gamma RIIIA (CD16)

Which is a transcription factor known as a marker for regulatory T cells?

FoxP3

Various alleles at this locus increase risk for rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, and ankylosing spondylitis:

HLA (MHC)

Of which cell type is secretion of cytokines the major immune effector mechanism?

Helper T cell

Naive T cells enter lymph nodes through specialized vasculature called

High Endothelial Venules

Which of the following cytokine pairs might be used by regulatory T cells to suppress immune reactions?

IL-10, TGF-beta

APCs (like macrophages) with digested microbes produce ____ that helps naive CD4+ T cells become TH1 cells, TH1 cells in turn produce _____ that helps activate macrophages.

IL-12; IFN-gamma

Th2 subset effector cells inhibit microbicidal activity of macrophages with

IL-4 and IL-13

Signal transduction for B cell recognition of antigen is mediated by

Ig alpha and Ig beta associated with membrane Ig

Syk is recruited to phosphorylated ITAMs of:

Ig-beta

Ig heavy chain class switching results in the production of different classes of antibodies to effectively neutralize microbes and toxins. Mucosal immunity is best carried out by:

IgA

Ig heavy chain class switch results in production of different classes of antibodies to effectively neutralize microbes and toxins. Neonatal immunity (placental transfer) is best carried out by:

IgG

Primary, generative, or central lymphoid tissue:

Is where B and T lymphocytes mature

The stable arrest and adhesion of naive T cells to the high endothelial venules in the lymph node is a function of which of the following adhesion molecules?

LFA-1

Which of the following receptors on the T cell are involved in adhesion to the APCs?

LFA-1

Dendritic cells found in the skin are called:

Langerhans cells

Which tyrosine kinase is associated with the T cell co-receptors and phosphorylates ITAMs?

Lck

The innate immune system is generally composed of all of the following EXCEPT

Lymphocytes and their products (so it has epithelial barriers, antimicrobial such as lysosomes, low stomach pH, macrophages, neutrophils, and NK cells)

Which of the following are considered cells of innate immunity?

Natural Killer Cells

All of the following cells of the immune system are antigen presenting cells (APC), EXCEPT

Neutrophils (So APCs include dendritic cells, follicular dendritic cells and macrophages)

Which is true of the complement cascade? -Opsonization, microbe lysis, and antibody production are three functional results of the cascade. -There is only one pathway for activating the complement cascade. -C8 is the central component of the cascade. -None of the above are true.

None of the above are true.

The most important physiologic function of the immune system is to

Prevent infection and eradicate established infections

MHC restriction, or recognizing antigen in conjunction with an MHC molecule, is a characteristic confined to

T lymphocytes

Peptide fragments generated in the cell's cytoplasm are transported into the endoplasmic reticulum by which of the following?

TAP 1 and TAP 2

Flagellar bacterial protein (flagellin) is recognized by which Toll-like receptor?

TLR-5

What cellular response is lacking in patients suffering lepromatous leprosy?

Th1

IFN-gamma, IL-2, and TNF-alpha are produced by which subset of TH effector cells

Th1 effector cells

How does an antigen-specific B cell identify its cognate helper T cell it needs to interact with?

antigen capture and presentation with MHC class II

The steps in the activation of T lymphocytes against a specific antigen takes place in the following order:

antigen recognition, cytokine secretion and cytokine receptor expression, proliferation, differentiation, effector functions

The immunoglobulin joining chain (J-chain) is

associated with only multimeric forms of lgM and IgA

The activated T lymphocyte produces certain cytokines. If these cytokines activate the T cell (producing the cytokine) itself, this phenomenon is known as:

autocrine activity

Receptor editing is associated with central tolerance of:

b lymphocytes

Central tolerance by apoptosis of immature B lymphocytes which may recognize self-antigen takes place in the:

bone marrow

Regulatory T cells sometimes are made in the:

bone marrow and thymus

The C3 convertase comprised of C4b and C2a is produced by

both classical and lectin pathways

Cell lysis by the membrane attack complex is an endpoint of the _______ complement activation pathway.

classical, lectin, alternative

Which of the following in NOT evidence of immune surveillance?

common malignant tumors develop in individuals with normal immunity

Antigen recognition by T cells induces signal transduction through biochemical intermediates which will ultimately activate transcription factors. This activation may be blocked by:

cyclosporine

Th1 and Th2 effector cells are distinguished from each other by

cytokines produced by each of them

The principal immune mechanism of tumor eradication is killing of tumor cells by:

cytolytic T lymphocytes specific for tumor antigens

Class I MHC molecules present their antigens to:

cytotoxic C lymphocytes (CD8+)

Secreted antibodies forming immune complexes with residual antigen can shut off B cell activation by:

engaging inhibitory Fc receptors on B cells

Immune responses sometimes fail to check tumor growth as a result of:

failure of cancer cell to produce tumor antigen production of immunosuppressive proteins production of inhibitory cell surface proteins mutations in MHC genes or genes needed for antigen processing

Which of the following functions DOES NOT occur in lymph nodes

filter blood

Which B cell subset makes antibody responses to most protein antigens and requires T cell help?

follicular B cells

In secondary (active) lymphoid follicles, B cells undergoing affinity maturation determine the quality of their antigen receptor binding by receiving signals from _________ via _________ on the B cell.

follicular dendritic cells; B cell receptors

The caspase-activating protein the cytotoxic T lymphocytes secretes that is used to kill a target cell is called:

granzyme

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes rely on the following to kill target cells

granzymes

The first form of surface immunoglobulin displayed by a B-lineage cell after it has completed its first successful gene rearrangement is made up of

heavy chains and surrogate light chains

DP, DQ and DR refer to:

human (HLA) MHC class II loci

Complement activation, endothelial damage, inflammation and thrombosis in response to a graft insertion within minutes is considered:

hyperacute rejection

Control and elimination of malignant cells by the immune system is called:

immune surveillance

Receptor editing usually changes the:

immunoglobulin light chain (kappa or lambda)

The stimulation of chemokine receptors on the surface of a blood phagocyte would most likely lead to:

increased integrin affinity and cytoskeletal changes resulting in migration of the phagocyte into tissue toward infection

How might microbial infection promote autoimmune disease?

induction of co-stimulators on APC activate self-reactive T cell

The stimulation of Toll-like receptors on the surface of a phagocyte would most likely lead to:

inflammation and enhanced adaptive immunity

C3a, C4a, and C5a are generated during complement activation and mediate what function?

inflammatory reactions

Many pathogenic microbes have evolved mechanisms to resist cell-mediated immunity. Your book discusses examples of all of these mechanisms EXCEPT:

inhibiting macrophage activation

What molecules are capable of "inside-out" signaling where affinity for ligand can be increased or decreased by a conformational change in a receptor?

integrins

The class of an immunoglobulin

is determined by the heavy chain constant region type

The following are functional consequences of B cell activation immediately following initial antigen recognition in the primary follicle EXCEPT:

isotype switching

A natural killer (NK) cell is a type of________ that has _____receptors extending from its plasma membrane.

lymphocyte; inhibitory and activating

The lectin pathway of complement is initiated by binding ________ on the surface of cells.

mannose

The MHC class II molecules are expressed on all the following cells EXCEPT:

mast cells

Which of the following DOES NOT apply to "innate" immune mechanisms?

memory

Macrophages are derived from circulating leukocytes in adults called

monocytes

A plasma cell secreting IgA antibodies would be most likely to associate with

mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)

Clearance of a cytoplasmic intracellular pathogen of macrophages that has evasion mechanisms that shut down both MHC class I and class II antigen presentation pathways would best occur via:

natural killer cell response

Helper T cells that have just been activated to differentiate into effector cells first interact with B lymphocytes stimulated by the same antigen:

near edges of lymphoid follicles

The development of self-tolerance in the T-cell compartment is important for the prevention of autoimmunity. Which of the following results in T-cell self-tolerance?

negative selection

Which of the following is NOT an antigen presenting cell

neutrophil (APCs include macrophage, dedritic, langerhan, B cells)

MHC class I molecules are expressed:

on all nucleated cells

B and T lymphocyte activation generally requires what to happen on the lymphocyte?

one signal through an antigen receptor, plus a second costimulatory signal induced during the innate response

Which of the following is NOT true of the ability of the alpha/beta T cell receptor (TCR) to specifically recognize antigen?

only the alpha chain of the TCR is necessary for antigen recognition

All the following phagocytic cells are considered macrophages EXCEPT:

polymorphonuclear leukocytes (so microglial, alveolar macrophages, spleen sinusoidal microphages, Kupffer cells)

Antigen processing for class I MHC resembles class II MHC in that BOTH

result in a vesicle with a membrane-bound MHC-peptide complex trafficking to the plasma membrane for cell surface expression

A secreted antibody treated with mercaptoethanol (which breaks disulfide bonds by reducing them) will fragment into

separate light and heavy chains

Which phospholipid is present in higher levels in the blood and lymph than in the lymph node, and plays a key role in differentiated effector T cells and naive T cells eventually leaving the node?

sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P)

All of the following are components of secretory IgA except

surrogate light chain

A kidney transplant between a donor and recipient that are identical twins would be considered an:

syngraft

Tissue grafting between two genetically identical inbred animals of the same species is called a(n):

syngraft

A single IgG immunoglobulin contains how many complementarity determining regions (CDR)?

12

he term "humoral immunity" describes

Anti-mediated immunity

The lymphoid follicles found in the lymph nodes and spleen are mainly formed of

B lymphocytes

All of the following are generally considered innate immunity effectors EXCEPT:

B lymphocytes (So macrophages, neutrophils, NK cells, and complement components)

Which contributes to the membrane attack complex?

C5

Immunoglobulin heavy chain class-switching from IgM to IgG (IgG1) requires what?

CD40L from helper T cell and IFN-gamma

The direct and indirect effector functions of antibodies include all of the following EXCEPT:

CD8+ cytotoxic T cell killing

In repeated exposure to the same microbe, the subsequent (secondary) responses of the innate immune system are generally described as:

The primary and secondary responses are equal

CD40 ligand (CD154) is expressed by which of the following?

activated T cells

Parenchymal cell damage in a graft is indicative of:

acute rejection

Tissue grafting between two animals of the same species but of different strain or genetics is called

allograft

Fc-epsilonRI is found on which cell type?

basophils, mast cells, eosinophils

All of the following are considered tumor antigens EXCEPT:

chemical carcinogens

The IL-2R (receptor) complex composed of only the beta and gamma chains is

the low affinity IL-2R

Regarding primary and secondary antibody responses against protein antigens, all of the following are generally true EXCEPT:

the two differ quantitatively but not qualitatively

When a T cell encounters specific peptide in self MHC upon an antigen presenting cell that does not express B7 generally its first response is to:

undergo anergy

Antigen recognition on B cells is usually mediated by:

variable (V) regions of heavy and light chains

The germline gene of the light chain of the B lymphocyte antigen receptor uses segments (exons) encoding:

variable (V), joining (J), and constant (C)

Which of the following is BEST fended off with a TH2 response?

worm parasites