War of 1812

What role did Native Americans play in the war of 1812 as a whole

During the War of 1812, Tecumseh's Indian Confederacy allied with the British in The Canadas, and helped in the capture of Fort Detroit. American Indians joined with the British to fight the U.S. in the North and in Canada. American Indians also fought the U.S. in the South, but they lost. Afterward, some American Indians helped the U.S. to fight the British in the Battle of New Orleans.

What were the causes of the War of 1812

The War Hawks (young westerners led by Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun) argued for war in Congress. The war involved several sea battles and frontier skirmishes. U.S. troops led by Andrew Jackson seized Florida and at one point the British managed to invade and burn Washington, D.C. The Treaty of Ghent (December 1814) restored the status quo and required the U.S. to give back Florida. Two weeks later, Andrew Jackson's troops defeated the British at the Battle of New Orleans, not knowing that a peace treaty had already been signed. The war strengthened American nationalism and encouraged the growth of industry.

Why is this was sometimes called the "Second War for Independence

The War of 1812 is forgotten mainly because there was no clear winner. If American had lost drastically, it could have become a British colony yet again. Thus, by not losing the war, America earned its independence for a second time. the U.S. was only 30 years old and wanting respect from other nations-the British did not treat the U.S. as an equal and talked of regaining former colonies

James Madison

-4th president -Served from 1809-1817 -The war of 1812 consumed most of his presidency -Served 2 terms -From Virginia -Republican -Author and "Father of the Constitution;" -Co-wrote the Federalist Papers and wrote the Bill of Rights; secretly -Co-authored the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions in 1798; -As Secretary of State, Jefferson supervised the Louisiana Purchase, -Sponsored the Embargo Act of 1807; -Poorly prepared the nation into the War of 1812; -Supported the creation of the second National Bank and high tariff in 1815.

Andrew Jackson

-7th president -Commander of the American forces at the Battle of New Orleans in 1815 -Dominated American politics in the 1820's and 1830's -Shaped modern Democratic Party -Protector of popular democracy and individual liberty for American citizens also supported slavery and Indian removal; nicknamed "Old Hickory."

Battle of Thames

-A decisive american victory in the war -Led to american re-control of the NW frontier -Tecumseh died in this battle. -Also known as the Battle of Moravian town -Clear-cut American victory -It took place in Ontario Canada

Battle of Tippecanoe

-Americans v. Shawnee Indians -Led by governor William Henry Harrison, the Americans defeated the Shawnee's and Tecumseh in the Indiana Territory. - Ends Tecumseh's attempt to unite all tribes in Mississippi.

Battle of Horseshoe Bend

-Battle in which Andrew Jackson received help from the Cherokees in defeating the British supported Creek Native Americans and opening up settlement in the southwest. -US military victory over the Red Stick Creeks in March 1814. -Helped clear land for American settlement.[1814] -Andrew Jackson led the victory. -Native Americans had to cede 23 million acres of land.

Battle of New Orleans

British launched a frontal attack but the US won, this battle was fought after the war was over, but word was too slow to get to the states battle fought two weeks after a peace treaty had been signed Jackson led a battle that occurred when British troops attacked U.S. soldiers in New Orleans on January 8, 1815; the War of 1812 had officially ended with the signing of the Treaty of Ghent in December, 1814, but word had not yet reached the U.S. Jackson led a battle that occurred when British troops attacked U.S. soldiers in New Orleans on January 8, 1815; the War of 1812 had officially ended with the signing of the Treaty of Ghent in December, 1814, but word had not yet reached the U.S. Jackson's popularity was increased, the British were driven back, and it marked the very last battle of the War of 1812.

Burning of Washington D.C.

the british got into the chesapeake bay and purned down the capital city As apart of the Chesapeake Campaign, the British landed in the Chesapeake Bay and made their way to Washington D.C., burning it to the ground. It was retaliation from the battle of York in 1813, when Americans burned and looted. It didn't have the desired affect, but rather distracted the British, and roused unity and opposition towards the British menace.

Explain the Treaty of Ghent

was signed in Ghent, Belgium. Did not effect impressment, which was over since the end of the Napoleonic war anyway. signed Christmas Eve 1814, before the Battle of New Orleans. December 24, 1814 - Ended the War of 1812 and restored the status quo. For the most part, territory captured in the war was returned to the original owner. It also set up a commission to determine the disputed Canada/U.S. border. The Treaty of Ghent was advantageous to the United States. Great Britain agreed to relinquish claims to the Northwest etc

Henry Clay

-Leader of the war hawks -Proposed after the War of 1812, to use federal money for internal improvements (roads, bridges, industrial improvements, etc.) -Enacting a protective tariff to foster the growth of American industries, and strengthening the national bank. -Clay's American system: high tariffs to promote industry, which would provide funds for internal improvements linking western farmers to growing cities, created a protective tariff to American Markets -American statesman who represented Kentucky in the Senate and the House of Representatives where he served as Speaker; -Served as Secretary of State from 1825-1829 -played a significant role in leading the nation in the War of 1812 -Opposed the annexation of Texas, Mexican American War, and Manifest Destiny -Nicknamed The Great Compromiser -Member of the Great Triumvirate along with Daniel Webster and John C. Calhoun -Negotiated with British during Treaty of Ghent -Political Scientist during the 1820's. -Congressman from Kentucky.

Daniel Webster

-Leading American statesman during the Antebellum Period -Leader of the Whig Party -Opposed Jackson and the Democratic Party -Spokesman for modernization, banking, and industry -Served in the House of Representatives, Senate, and Secretary of State for 3 presidents -Successful lawyer -Member of the Great Triumvirate with Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun -Leading American statesman during the nation's Antebellum Period -Increasing nationalistic views led to him becoming one of the most influential leaders of the Whig Party of the Second Party System -Led opposition against Andrew Jackson and the Democrats.

Battle of Great Lakes

-The greatest American military successes of the War of 1812 came in the naval battles on the Great Lakes and elsewhere. -US outbuilt the British on Lake Erie and defeated them at the battle of put-in-bay on Sept. 10, 1813, gaining control of Lake Erie. -U.S. victory that forced the British to withdraw from the Great Lakes and gave the U.S. Army new hope

John C. Calhoun

-Vice President under Andrew Jackson -Leading Southern politician -began his political career as a nationalist -advocate of protective tariffs -advocate of free trade, states' rights, limited government, and nullification.

Who were the war hawks

-War hawks were young members of congress from the south and west that wanted to go to war w/ Great Britain so they could gain land. -Republican farmers that wanted to a to gain land for farming. -Golden opportunity that the war hawks saw was that Britain was focused on fighting Napoleon, the leader of France, who is trying to conquer Britain. The British are not going to come across the ocean to fight the U.S. while they are fighting for their country.

What were the causes of the War of 1812

1. Britain's seizure of American ships and impressment of sailors. 2. America's resentment of Britain. 3. American belief that British were arming Native Americans and inciting them to riot. 4. American "War Hawks" wanting to annex Florida and Canada. The US made a deal with France that if they would stop taking their ships then they would stop trading with Britian The US states thought Britain was still interfering with the former colonies.THe US wanted to take Canada from Britain and Florida from SpainA war between the U.S. and Great Britain caused by American outrage over the impressment of American sailors by the British, the British seizure of American ships, and British aid to the Indians attacking the Americans on the western frontier. Also, a war against Britain gave the U.S. an excuse to seize the British northwest posts and to annex Florida from Britain's ally Spain, and possibly even to seize Canada from Britain.

Explain the long term results of the war at home and abroad

1. Increased Native American patriotism 2. Weakened Native American resistance 3. U.S. manufacturing grew 1) European nations began to think twice about interfering with US international trade. In fact, after the War of 1812, such interference was drastically reduced. (Of course, this had as much to do with Britain no longer seeing a need to interfere with our trade). 2) American manufacturing in the North increased dramatically. British (and French) interference with our trade before the War of 1812 and then the embargo and finally Britain's blockading our ports during the war led to increased DOMESTIC manufacturing - esp in the North. This strengthened America's industrial economy. political consequences 1. Brief increase in nationalism, which probably averted civil war for a generation 2. Made Andrew Jackson a national hero, setting him up to become a future President (and thus usher in the Jacksonian Age) 3. Confirmed America's independence - bolstering our confidence in our sovereignty 4. Established the need for a standing army and navy (though each would still remain relatively weak until the Civil War) 5. Ended the Federalist Party, which was thoroughly discredited after the New England secession debacle and the success of Andy Jackson at New Orleans 6. Gave us our National Anthem.

Why did the Federalists oppose the war of 1812 and how this affected the party

1. more inclined to britain 2. conquering canda would add more land and more republican supporters "Federalist opposed the war of 1812, because they considered the war as an offensive aimed at Canada. They also feared Napoleon, who was a great destroyer. They saw the war as party designed to further the interest of Republicans and silence the opposition. " Well, that's all well and good for ASK.com, but actually NE Federalists would be directly affected by the war in the ways of trade, and b/c the attackers would come directly at their soil, just like during the Revolution.

Battle of Ft. McHenry and how does the Star Spangled Banner fit into it

Francis Scott Key saw Fort McHenry hold out during the night against a British attack. He wrote the poem "Star Spangled Banner" about the experience of seeing the U.S. flag still flying above the fort in the morning, and the poem was later set to the tune of an old English bar song. upon watching the bombardment of Baltimore from a British ship, Fought between British and American forces in the War of 1812. It was one of the turning points of the war where American forces warded off a sea invasion of the busy port city of Baltimore, Maryland. The defense of Baltimore's Fort McHenry in the battle inspired Francis Scott Key to compose the poem "The Star-Spangled Banner" which would later become the national anthem of the United States. An example of how the War of 1812 created a sense of "being American" or Nationalism.from September 13-14, 1814, it successfully defended Baltimore Harbor from an attack by the British navy, which lasted for over 24 hours, in the Chesapeake Bay

What was the Hartford convention

Meeting of Federalists near the end of the War of 1812 in which the party listed it's complaints against the ruling Republican Party. These actions were largley viewed as traitorous to the country and lost the Federalist much influence. Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island met in 1814 in Hartford, Connecticut for a secret meeting to discuss their disgust of the war and to redress their grievances. The Hartford Convention's final report demanded:-Financial assistance from Washington to compensate for lost trade from embargos; -Constitutional amendments requiring a 2/3 vote in Congress before an embargo could be imposed, new states admitted, or war declared; -The abolition of slavery; -a President could only serve 1 term; -the abolition of the 3/5 clause; -the prohibition of the election of 2 successive Presidents from the same state.The Hartford resolutions marked the death of the Federalist party. The party nominated their last presidential candidate in 1816. December 1814 - A convention of New England merchants who opposed the Embargo and other trade restriction, and the War of 1812. They proposed some Amendments to the Constitution and advocated the right of states to nullify federal laws. They also discussed the idea of seceding from the U.S. if their desires were ignored. The Hartford Convention turned public sentiment against the Federalists and led to the demise of the party.

USS Constitution vs. HMS Guerriere

USS Constitution was an American battle ship -Defeated the H.M.S. Guerriere in a famous sea battle from the War of 1812. - America won -Nickname "Old Ironsides." -Oldest commissioned ship in the U.S. Navy.

Describe the American military effort

Unsuccessful -regular army was ill-disciplined, ill-trained, and widely scattered -Americans attacked "On to Canada!" The attack was poorly planned and poorly executed by poor generals. The Americans lost. American lack of military preparation and poor strategy-produced a series of badly failed attempts to conquer Canada