War Years Review

Abraham Lincoln said: "From whence shall we expect the approach of danger? Shall some trans-Atlantic military giant step the earth and crush us at a blow? Never. All the armies of Europe and Asia...could not by force take a drink from the Ohio River or make a track on the Blue Ridge in the trial of a thousand years. No, if destruction be our lot we must ourselves be its author and finisher. As a nation of free men we will live forever or die by suicide." WHEN DID HE SAY IT?

1837

The Civil War was fought in 10,000 places and 3,000,000 men served in it: how many died and what percentage of the population was that at the time?

600,000 people died, which was 2% of the population.

What were the casualties at Fort Sumter and why are there seven stars on that flag?

A confederate horse was killed, because of the seven states that seceded before shots were fired on Fort Sumter.

Speaking directly to the South during his First Inaugural Address, Abraham Lincoln...

Denied the right of any state to secede, promised not to interfere with slavery in the South, vowed to defend federal installations.

Gettysburg

General Meade cut off General Lee at Gettysburg and the battle took place. There were many casualties over the course of the days and this battle was a turning point in the war.

Battle that Robert E. Lee thought - if the South won - could possibly help defeat Abraham Lincoln in the Election of 1864?

Gettysburg

Which abolitionist was nicknamed "Moses?"

Harriet Tubman

Robert E. Lee

Lee was a Confederate general who led to the South's attempt at secession during the Civil War He challenged Union forces during the war's bloodiest battles before surrendering to General U.S. Grant.

Lincoln's 1st inaugural

Lincoln's address was focused on reassuring the South that the president would not try to strip them of their slaves and he would find a way to help them secure slavery where it is if that would make them happy.

Who said: "After the sacrifice of countless millions of treasure and hundreds of thousands of lives you may win Southern independence, but I doubt it. The North is determined to preserve this Union. They are not a fiery, impulsive people as you are, for they live in colder climates. But when they begin to move in a given direction, they move with the steady momentum and perseverance of a mighty avalanche"?

Sam Houston

Antietam

The Battle of Antietam was the deadliest day in American history. Casualties on both sides led President Lincoln to posting the Emancipation Proclamation.

Jefferson Davis

The president of the Confederate States during the war years. He was a senator and representative before the civil war.

Of the following, the most threatening problem for the Union from 1861 through 1863 was... a. possible British recognition of the Confederacy b. Spanish intervention in Santo Domingo c. French objections to the Union blockade d. British insistence on the abolition of slavery e. British objections to the Union position on "continuous voyage"

a. possible British recognition of the Confederacy

On the eve of the Civil War, the South enjoyed an advantage over the North in... a. shipping capacity b. total population. c. railroad mileage d. firearms production e. experienced military leadership.

e. experienced military leadership

Ironically, the constitution of the Confederate States of America outlawed...

the international slave trade...

Some in the Republican Party wanted to nominate someone other than President Lincoln in 1864 because...

they believed Lincoln's reunification plans were not punitive enough

Emancipation Proclamation

A decree that stated all persons held as slaves in the states rebelling/seceding are free.

Anaconda Plan

A plan to 'squeeze' the South from all sides so that they were trapped and had no supplies. That way their only answer was surrendering.

Gettysburg Address

A speech by Lincoln that honored the soldiers that died at Gettysburg and an honor to the cemetery.

Which two countries helped guarantee the failure of "Cotton Diplomacy?"

Egypt & India

Election of 1864 and Lincoln's 2nd Inaugural:

Election between Lincoln and McClellan. Lincoln won reelection. His inaugural address was to reflect on the meaning of war and to explain and understand the 'sin of slavery.'

Who said: "In thinking of America, I sometimes find myself admiring her bright blue sky — her grand old woods — her fertile fields — her beautiful rivers — her mighty lakes, and star-crowned mountains. But my rapture is soon checked, ...when I remember that all is cursed with the infernal actions of slaveholding, robbery and wrong, — when I remember that with the waters of her noblest rivers, the tears of my brethren are borne to the ocean, disregarded and forgotten, and that her most fertile fields drink daily of the warm blood of my outraged sisters, I am filled with unutterable loathing."?

Frederick Douglass

The anecdote about Wilmer McLean begins the video: why?

He owned homes where the Civil War began and ended.

In Hudson, Ohio, a minister said the question was no longer can slaves be made free, but are we free, or slaves under mob law? Who stood up in the church at that point and said: "Here, before God, in the presence of these witnesses, I consecrate my life to the destruction of slavery."

John Brown

Previously referred to as the "meteor" of the war, according to historian Ed Bearss what was the single most important factor in bringing on the Civil War?

John Brown

William Tecumseh Sherman and the "March to the Sea"

Sherman was a General who 'Marched to the Sea.' March to the Sea is when the Union Army troops moved in Georgia burning and frightening civilians of the Confederacy. They burned houses, stole food and livestock of people who tried to fight back.

According to the video, slavery was dying when the country was founded: what changed that? By 1860, 4,000,000 people were slaves in America: what was the ratio of slaves to free people?

The cotton gin "saved" slavery and 1 in every 7 Americans was a slave.

Cotton Diplomacy

The diplomatic methods employed by the South during the Civil War to coerce Great Britain and France to support the Southern war effort by implementing a cotton trade embargo.

Vicksburg

The siege cut off a Confederate army and they were trapped in Vicksburg by General Grant. After 5 days, the Union controlled the Mississippi River and the Confederacy was split in half.

Who said: "There are but two parties now, traitors and patriots and I want hereafter to be ranked with the latter"?

U.S. Grant

In what state was both first major battle of the Civil War AND where Robert E. Lee surrendered, thus essentially ending the fighting?

Virginia

"March to the Sea" commander and state he rolled through?

William Tecumseh Sherman & Georgia

Fort Sumter

the start of the Civil War by being the first battle where Confederate forces attacked the Union occupied Fort Sumter.

"I am filled with deep emotion at finding myself standing here in the place . . . from which sprang the institutions under which we live. . . . I have never had a feeling politically that did not spring from the sentiments embodied in the Declaration of Independence. . . . It was not the mere matter of the separation of the colonies from the mother land; but something in that Declaration giving liberty, not alone to the people of this country, but hope to the world for all future time. It was that which gave promise that in due time the weights should be lifted from the shoulders of all men. . . . "Now, my friends, can this country be saved upon that basis? If it can, I will consider myself one of the happiest men in the world if I can help to save it. If it can't be saved upon that principle, it will be truly awful. "Now, in my view of the present aspect of affairs, there need be no bloodshed and war. . . . And I may say in advance, there will be no blood shed unless it be forced upon the Government. . . . "My friends, this is a wholly unprepared speech. I did not expect to be called upon to say a word when I came here. . . . I may, therefore, have said something indiscreet, but I have said nothing but what I am willing to live by, and, in the pleasure of Almighty God, die by." President-elect Abraham Lincoln, speaking at Independence Hall in Philadelphia, February 22, 1861 Evidence in the excerpt best corroborates which of the following? a. Southern politicians would not abandon slavery, and they believed Lincoln was a threat to that system. b. Sectional divisions were not as deep as many thought, and there was agreement about gradual abolition. c. Political leadership in previous administrations had successfully limited sectional conflict. d. Lincoln viewed foreign influences as serious threats to the stability of the United States.

a. Southern politicians would not abandon slavery, and they believed Lincoln was a threat to that system.

During the Civil War, the Republican Party passed legislation promoting economic development concerning all of the following EXCEPT the... a. granting of government subsidies to encourage the export of manufactured goods. b. establishment of a high tariff to protect American industry from foreign competition. c. organization of a national banking system to provide a uniform national currency. d. provision of government loans and land grants to private companies to construct a transcontinental railroad. e. passage of the Homestead Act

a. granting of government subsidies to encourage the export of manufactured goods.

U.S. Grant

A poor general that made it to the leader of the Union army and took the Union to victory against the Confederacy.

Homestead Act

An act that accelerated settlement of the US western territory by allowing any American, including freed slaves, to put in a claim for up to 160 free acres of federal land.

Legal Tender Act

An act that authorized the use of paper notes to pay the government's bills.

Morrill Tariff Act

An act that increased import tariffs in the US that were raised to encourage domestic industry and to foster high wages for industrial workers.

What happened at Shiloh and Cold Harbor?

At Shiloh, more men died than in all previous wars combined, while at Cold Harbor 7,000 men fell in 20 minutes.

At what age were slaves first forced to work in the fields AND roughly how many lived to be 60 years old?

At age 12 & fewer than 4 out of 100

Clara Barton

While working near the battlefield, Barton was shot and was led to create the organization known as The American Red Cross.

The Battle of Antietam, September 17, 1862, is considered pivotal to the outcome of the Civil War because it... a. represented the Union's deepest thrust into southern territory b. forestalled the possibility of European invasion. c. resulted in the border states joining the Confederacy d. marked the first use of Black troops by the Union army e. confirmed George McClellan's status as the leading Union general

b. forestalled the possibility of European invasion.

The belief by some Americans that the Civil War was "a rich man's war but a poor man's fight" was reflected in... a. Sherman's march to Atlanta b. the draft riots in New York City c. Lincoln's suspension of habeas corpus in the South d. Thoreau's denunciation of the war e. John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry

b. the draft riots in New York City

"I am filled with deep emotion at finding myself standing here in the place . . . from which sprang the institutions under which we live. . . . I have never had a feeling politically that did not spring from the sentiments embodied in the Declaration of Independence. . . . It was not the mere matter of the separation of the colonies from the mother land; but something in that Declaration giving liberty, not alone to the people of this country, but hope to the world for all future time. It was that which gave promise that in due time the weights should be lifted from the shoulders of all men. . . . "Now, my friends, can this country be saved upon that basis? If it can, I will consider myself one of the happiest men in the world if I can help to save it. If it can't be saved upon that principle, it will be truly awful. "Now, in my view of the present aspect of affairs, there need be no bloodshed and war. . . . And I may say in advance, there will be no blood shed unless it be forced upon the Government. . . . "My friends, this is a wholly unprepared speech. I did not expect to be called upon to say a word when I came here. . . . I may, therefore, have said something indiscreet, but I have said nothing but what I am willing to live by, and, in the pleasure of Almighty God, die by." President-elect Abraham Lincoln, speaking at Independence Hall in Philadelphia, February 22, 1861 The excerpt best serves as evidence for which of the following developments? a. Abraham Lincoln attempted to increase the size of the army to regain Southern states. b. Lincoln rejected allowing any additional states to join the United States. c. Lincoln sought to avoid violence over the issues that divided the country. d. Lincoln intended to enforce the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

c. Lincoln sought to avoid violence over the issues that divided the country.

In 1861 the North went to war with the South primarily to... a. liberate the slaves. b. prevent European powers from meddling in American affairs. c. preserve the union d. average political defeats and insults inflicted by the South e. forestall a Southern invasion of the North

c. preserve the union

Which of the following statements about African American soldiers during the Civil War is correct? a. They were primarily engaged in military campaigns west of the Mississippi b. They were limited to noncombat duty c. They were barred from receiving awards for valor in combat. d. For the most part of the war, they were paid less than White soldiers of equal rank. e. For most of the war, they were led by African American officers.

d. For the most part of the war, they were paid less than White soldiers of equal rank.

"Whether you are or are not, entitled to all the rights of citizenship in this country has long been a matter of dispute to your prejudice. By enlisting in the service of your country at this trial hour, and upholding the National Flag, you stop the mouths of [cynics] and win applause even from the iron lips of ingratitude. Enlist and you make this your country in common with all other men born in the country or out of it. . . . He who fights the battles of America may claim America as his country—and have that claim respected. Thus in defending your country now against rebels and traitors you are defending your own liberty, honor, manhood and self-respect. . . . . . . [H]istory shall record the names of heroes and martyrs who bravely answered the call of patriotism and Liberty—against traitors, thieves and assassins—let it not be said that in the long list of glory, composed of men of all nations—there appears the name of no colored man." Frederick Douglass, excerpt from an editorial, April 1863 *Ideas expressed by Douglass in the excerpt were most likely interpreted as supporting which of the following arguments?* a. The war would make African Americans feel free. b. The war was the product of years of injustice against African Americans. c. The war would take enormous sacrifice of military combat to achieve victory. d. The war was no longer just about preserving the union of the the states.

d. The war was no longer just about preserving the union of the the states.

Historians have argued that all of the following were causes of the Civil War EXCEPT... a. the clash of economic interests between agrarian and industrializing regions. b. the actions of irresponsible politicians and agitators in the North and in the South. c. differences over the morality and future of slavery. d. the growing power of poor Southern Whites who resisted planter dominance and sought to abolish slavery. e. a constitutional crisis pitting states' rights against federal power.

d. the growing power of poor Southern Whites who resisted planter dominance and sought to abolish slavery.

At the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861, pro-Union sentiment was strong in western Virginia, eastern Tennessee, and western North Carolina primarily because... a. Confederate troops had committed atrocities to terrorize state representatives from these regions into voting for secession. b. these regions had more trade with the North than did other regions in the South. c. these regions were more industrialized that the other regions in the South. d. there were relatively few slaves or large plantations in these regions. e. Lincoln had promised not to send federal troops into these regions.

d. there were relatively few slaves or large plantations in these regions.

When the Emancipation Proclamation was issued at the beginning of 1863, its immediate effect was to... a. end the Civil War b. abolish slavery c. free slaves in the border states d. alienate Britain and France e. strengthen the moral cause of the Union.

e. strengthen the moral cause of the Union.