Weathering Erosion Deposition

Marine Mountain

Coastal Washington and Oregon

What are the proceeds that form igneous rock?

Cooling and Hardening

Depositions are added to land forms such as

Deltas, Flood Planes, Sandbars, and Dunes

By what process are sediments moved?

Erosion

Subtropical

Florida, South Eastern States

Examples of Metamorphic Rocks

Gneiss, Marble, Slate, Quartzite

Temperate Steppe

Great Plains

What are the processes that form Igneous rock?

Melting

Tundra

N. Alaska

Desert and Desert Mountain

Nevada and parts of New Mexico

Rock Cycle Model Sample

Sediments > < Sedimentary Rocks> Metamorphic Rocks > Magma > Igneous Rock > Sediments / Metamorphic rocks

Examples of Ecoregions

Subtropical, Tundra, Temperate Steppe, Marine Mountain, and Desert & Desert Mountain

Types of climates

Tropical, Arid, Mediterranean

Ice features

U shaped valley, Hanging Valley, Horn, Moraine, Cirque, Tarn lake, Arete

Features created by wind are caused by _____ from wine blown sand

abrasion

Physical weathering is caused by

abrasion, ice wedging, plant roots, burrowing, temperature change, gravity

soil characteristics

amount of vegetation

Burrowing

animals scrape and dig the terrain

Wind features

arches, sand dunes, mushroom rocks

Examples of Igneous rocks

basalt, granite, obsidian

slow cooling happens ____ Earth's surface as ______ cools forming ____ crystals. Example- Granite.

below, large

Compaction - sedimentary are deeply ___, placed them under ____ because of the weight of overlying layers.

buried, pressure

Ice wedging

by freezing and thawing (contracting and expansion)

Abrasion

by rapidly moving water, glaciers or wind

carboniation

carbon dioxide in rain water creates carbolic acid. Ex acid rain cave creation.

Two type of weathering

chemical and physical

Eco regions of the US are areas defined by its environmental conditions, especially

climate, land forms, and soil characteristics

Eastern US

coastline and the Gulf of Mexico have more depositional features

Western US

coastline has more erosional features

Water erosional and dispositional features which form along

coastlines

Temperature change

cold to hot, expanding and contracting

Pressure is caused by intense _____ and ____ of _____ and pressure from overlying rock layers.

collisions, friction, tectonic plates

Sedimentary Rocks are formed when sediments accumulate and ____ and _____ together.

compact, combine

What are the processes that form sedimentary rocks?

compaction, cementation

Land forms

crustal material

slow cooling - large ____ and many ____

crystals, colors

Pressure happens _____ under the Earth's surface. Pressure can change sedimentary, igneous or another older metamorphic rock.

deep

deposition

deposits in layers

types of soil characteristics

dry (arid, very little vegetation, poor soil) and humid (large amount of vegetation, good soil)

Weathering occurs when the _______ changes and the rock is exposed to some form of _____ and _____.

environment, water, air

Gravity

falling rocks or debris, compression

Physical properties of Igneous rock -

fast cooling and slow cooling

young river

fast flowing, v-shaped valleys, waterfalls, and rapids

Melting is caused by _____ between ____ plates.

friction, crustal

Ice caused a massive ____ flow downhill bulldozing existing rocks.

glaciers

ice

glaciers

fast cooling

glassy and holes where gas was trapped

Deposition occurs when the forces moving sediment are no longer able to overcome the forces of ______ and _______.

gravity, friction

Erosion happens by

gravity, water, wind, ice

Plant Roots

grow into cracks and break apart rocks

Metamorphic rock - formed by ___ and ___ while buried deep below Earth's surface.

heat, pressure

What are the processes that form metamorphic rocks?

heat, pressure

Gravity shapes the Earth's surface by moving weathering material from a ___ place to a ____ one.

higher, lower

Melting is caused by ____ in temperature in rock deep _____ the surface of Earth.

increase, deep

oxidation

iron combines with oxygen making rust

Features created by gravity

landslides (fast), mud flow, slump creep (slow)

Igneous rock are formed when _____ or ____ harden.

lava, magma

Fast cooling happens on the Earth's surface as ___ cools forming ____ crystals. Example obsidian, basalt, pumice

lava, small

Metamorphic rock - have a ___ or banded (ribbon like) appearance or may have ____.

layered, crystals

Sedimentary Rocks often deposit in ____ and contain sand, pebbles, and frequently ______.

layers, fossils

mature rivers

less energy, slower, meanders, sandbars

Heat is caused by ____.

magma

Chemical weathering is a chemical change within the rock's _____ breaking down the _____ holding the rocks together, causing them to fall apart into smaller pieces.

minerals, bonds

Cementation - new ___ stick the sediment together just like ____. This holds the grains together tightly.

minerals, cement

Rock cycle

model that describes the breakdown and formation of a rock.

Lava

molten rock material on Earth's surace.

Magma

molten rock material under Earth's surface

Types of land forms

mountain (high elevation), plateaus (medium to high elevation), and plains (low elevation)

Erosion is the process that _____ bits of _____ or _____ from one place to another

moves, rock, soil

Chemical weathering causes rocks

oxidation, hydrolysis and carbonation

As velocity increases, the size of _____ carried also increases

particles

Physical properties of metamorphic rocks - layers look like ____ . Crystals.

ribbons

water

rivers, waves

Physical properties of Sedimentary Rocks - _____, _____, and even boulder size _____. Some may contain fossils.

sand, pebble, particles

Examples of sedimentary rocks

sandstone, limestone

Weather creates lose material called

sediments

Deposition is the process in which ____, ____, and ____ are added to a land form

sediments, soil, rocks

Melted rock turns

solid

Temperatures high enough to change its ____ but not to ___ it. Heat can ____ sedimentary, igneous, or another older metamorphic rock.

structure, melt, change

speed depends on gradient (slope) and discharge (amount of water)

velocity

old river

very slow, shallow, large amounts of sediment deposited, many narrow channels, islands, deltas

Igneous Rocks are found near

volcanoes or fissures

Running _____ is the primary agent of erosion.

water

hydrolysis

water softens minerals in rocks

Climate

weather conditions in an area over time

Weathering occurs ____ (rain, ice, wind), _____ changes, & living things

weather, chemical

By what process are sedimentary rocks broken down?

weathering

Types of Erosion

wind, water, gravity, ice

Physical weathering is the process that breaks rocks apart ____ changing the chemical ______

without, composition

Ages of Rivers

young, mature, old