Week 10

Expressing outcomes

RR: incidence rate in EG-incidence rate in CG

community intervention

an intervention designed for the purpose of educational and behavioral changes at the population level. (standford five-city project)

Prevention trial

experiemnt to test efficacy or effectiveness of a new preventive intervetion

Clinical trial

experiment which studies the effectiveness of a new drug

information bias reduced

exposure status is assigned

group level

groups of people are randomized to an intervetion

Efficacy equation

incidence in CG-Incidence in TG/ INcidence in CG

Individual level

individuals are randomly assigned to intervetion or control conditions

experiment

is a study in which the investigator intentionally alterse one or more factors under controlled ocnditions

RCT facts

most common type of experimental studies,

Issues in RCT

need to set up a protocol, endpoint, exposure must be modifilable factor, adherence can be low

Selection bias reduced

particpants assigned to a treatment group is determed after enrolling in the study

Strengths of RCT

protects against confound, provides best evidence for causality

efficacy

the extent to which an intervetion does more good than harm when devlievered under optitmal conditions.

Effectiveness

the extent to which interventions are beneficial under real world conditions

Prohpylactic

used to evalutate preventive medical treatments

Treatment trial

used to pass new pharamcetiucal treatment methods

Limitations

ver expensive, only as strong as the protocol