week 10/11

What is the partial pressure of carbon dioxide?

0.3 mmHg

Thus, what are the two ways that oxygen is carried in the blood?

1) bound to hemoglobin ( HbO2) 2) free in plasma (PO2)

What percent of carbon dioxide is carried by each of the three ways?

1. 7% 2. 23% 3. 70%

What are the three ways carbon dioxide is carried in the blood?

1. dissolved ( 7%) within plasma 2. (23%)attach to globin portion of hemoglobin 3. bicarbonate (HCO3-) dissloved within plasma (70%)

What three substances, relative to respiration, are carried by hemoglobin?

1. oxygen 2. carbon dioxide 3. hydrogen ions

Where on hemoglobin are those three substances carried?

1. oxygen attached to iron 2. carbon dioxide bound to the globin. 3. hydrogen ions bound to the globin

What is PO2 in oxygen rich capillaries (to cells)?

100

What is PO2 in oxygen rich capillaries (leaving lungs, to body)?

100 mm hg

What is the PO2 in the alveoli?

104 mmHg

What is the partial pressure of oxygen?

159 mmHg

What percent of oxygen is carried by each of the two ways?

2% by plasma 98% by hemoglobin

What is the percent binding at a PO2 found in the cells/tissue?

3%

What is the partial pressure of water (vapor)?

3.5 mm hg

How many oxygen molecules does hemoglobin carry?

4 O2 molecules

What is PCO2 in oxygen rich capillaries (leaving lungs, to body)?

40

What is PO2 in the cells?

40

What is the PO2 in oxygen poor capillaries (leaving cells, coming to lungs)?

40

What is PO2 in oxygen poor capillaries (coming to lungs)?

40 mm hg

What is PCO2 in the alveoli?

40 mmHg

What is the PCO2 in oxygen poor capillaries (leaving cells, coming to lungs)?

45

What is PCO2 in the cells?

45 mmHg

What is PCO2 in oxygen poor capillaries (coming to lungs)?

45 mmhg

What is the partial pressure of nitrogen?

597 mm hg

What is the atmospheric pressure at sea level (mm Hg)?

760 mm hg

What is the percent binding at a PO2 found in the lungs/alveoli?

90%

If you look at the curve in the opposite direction, what percent of the hemoglobin is unloaded at the PO2 found in the cells?

98%

Therefore, which gas enters your blood more easily CO2 or O2?

CO2

Which gas is more soluble, CO2 or O2?

CO2

How is hemoglobin a buffer?

H+ produce during the chloride shift binds with and is buffered by hemoglobin, thus helping to prevent a decrease in pH.

Which gas is most abundant in the atmosphere?

N2 or nitrogen

Is oxygen very soluble?

No, oxygen is not very soluble

Again, which gas has less of a gradient in your body CO2 or O2?

O2

Define partial pressure.

Pressure forced by a gas in a mixture of gases measured in mm Hg

Define atmospheric pressure

The total pressure all gases collectively exert in the environment. (The pressure exerted by the atmosphere on all objects within it)

Why doesn't the HCO3- and the H+ recombine immediately?

a chemical reaction catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase

What is the most significant factor in hemoglobin's ability to bind and release oxygen?

blood PO2

What are other factors that affect hemoglobin's ability to bind and release oxygen (use lecture list)?

causes a conformational change in hemoglobin that increases the release of oxygen

What is the cooperative binding effect of O2 binding/loading hemoglobin?

change of 40% as a result of the cooperative binding effects.

What is carbaminohemoglobin?

compound of hemoglobin and carbon dioxide (one of the forms carbon dixode exits the blood)

What does Henry's Law say about gases?

given temperature how much gas can leave the liquid is dependent on the partial pressure of gas in the air and the solubility coefficient of the gas in the liquid.

If it is not, how does it get into blood, which is mainly water?

hemoglobin picks it up while it delivers Co2

What is deoxyhemoglobin?

hemoglobin with no oxygen bound to it

Overall, what do these factors do to the oxygen-Hb bond?

increase in temperature, increase in H+ (referred to as the Bohr effect) and binding of carbon dioxide

What happens when carbon dioxide is in (and reacts with) water?

its forms bicarbonate (HCO3-) and H+

What is gas exchange?

movement of respiratory gases between blood and either alveoli or cells.

Thus, does hemoglobin deliver all of its oxygen to tissues in normal circumstances? Why or why not?

only a small % of oxygen transported by the hemoglobin is released as it passes through systemic capillaries.

What is oxyhemoglobin?

oxygen bound to hemoglobin

Individual gases move down its own _____ pressure gradient during gas exchange.

partial

What is the driving force to move a gas into a liquid?

partial pressure of a gas

What is the shape of the curve?

s-Shaped

What is the oxygen-hemoglobin saturation curve?

the PO2 and percent O2 saturation of hemoglobin

What is oxygen reserve?

the amount of oxygen that remains bound to the hemoglobin after passing through the systemic capillaries.

What does saturated mean?

the hemoglobin is fulled with oxygen.

What does Dalton's Law state about gases in the atmosphere?

the total pressure in a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of all of the individual partial pressures.

Gases in air move collectively down a _______ pressure gradient during breathing.

total

What is gas transport?

transport of respiratory gases in blood between lungs and systemic cells

What is a partial pressure gradient?

when the partial pressure for a specific gas is higher in one region than in another.