Week 5 US History B

What right-wing party did Benito Mussolini found?

Fasci di Combattimento or Fascist Party

What was the outcome of the Battle of Coral Sea?

It forced the Japanese to call off their attack on New Guinea.

Why was the League of Nations unable to prevent German and Italian aggression against other nations?

It had no standing army and no real power to enforce its decrees.

Which country invaded Ethiopia in 1935?

Italy

What other nations joined Germany in forming the Axis Powers?

Italy and Japan

In his State of the Union address in 1941, President Roosevelt stressed the danger that aggressive fascist powers presented to the United States. Which sentence from the speech best summarizes the main theme, or central idea, of the speech?

The world order which we seek is the cooperation of free countries, working together in a friendly, civilized society.

What was the result of the Anschluss?

Adolf Hitler brought Austria into Germany's Reich

On December 7, 1941, hundreds of Japanese airplanes bombed the U.S. Navy's main base in the Pacific at Pearl Harbor. Nearly 2,500 people were killed in this surprise attack. Many ships and aircraft were destroyed or damaged. What allowed the American Pacific Fleet to survive the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor?

American aircraft carriers were out at sea at the time of the attack.

What did Roosevelt and Churchill sign when they met secretly in 1941?

Atlantic Charter

Why did President Franklin D. Roosevelt give Britain 50 battleships?

Britain needed the battleships to convoy goods across the Atlantic.

Britain and France appeased Germany's Hitler at Munich. Meanwhile, Roosevelt condemned Japan's aggression in Asia but did little to stop it. As war exploded in Europe, it became more difficult for the U.S. to maintain its neutrality. What did Winston Churchill vow to the British people after the evacuation of Dunkirk?

Churchill told the British people that "we shall never surrender."

What was the result of the attack on Pearl Harbor?

Congress declared war on Japan.

Even though most Americans wanted to remain neutral, President Roosevelt constantly argued in favor of helping Britain. In 1941, Congress approved the Lend-Lease Act, and Roosevelt met with Churchill to discuss war strategy. What was the purpose of the Lend-Lease Act?

DisabledA. to keep the Soviet Union out of World War II Student Selected CorrectB.

What policy did General Hideki Tojo pursue when he became the Japanese prime minister?

He focused on military expansion in Asia.

At the start of the Pacific war, the outlook was grim for America. Throughout the Pacific, Japanese forces attacked and conquered. However, the Battle of Coral Sea and Doolittle's Raid gave the U.S. a renewed sense of confidence. What mistake did General Douglas MacArthur make in December 1941?

He miscalculated the strength of the Japanese and was forced to retreat.

What claim by Adolf Hitler showed his anti-Semitic beliefs?

Hitler claimed that the Jewish people were the greatest threat confronting Germany.

In the 1930s, Italy and Germany resorted to acts of aggression similar to those of Japan in Asia. Throughout the decade, neither the League of Nations nor democratic nations succeeded in stopping the aggression. Which action by Adolf Hitler demonstrated the weakness of the League of Nations?

Hitler's decision to send troops into the Rhineland

Winston Churchill, the prime minister of Great Britain, hoped to convince America to join the Allies. Despite its isolationist policies, the United States moved slowly toward involvement. What was the effect of the Neutrality Act of 1939?

It aided the Allies.

What was the effect of the signing of the Atlantic Charter?

It deepened the alliance between the United States and Britain.

What was Japan's goal for the attack on Pearl Harbor?

Japan wanted to eradicate, or destroy, the American military presence in the Pacific.

What book by Adolf Hitler presented a blueprint of his hatred against Jews and plans for world domination?

Mein Kampf

How did the United States react when Germany attacked three U.S. ships escorting shipments of arms to Iceland?

The United States issued orders to shoot German U-boats on sight.

Why were the outcomes of the Doolittle Raid and the Battle of Coral Sea important to the United States?

They provided a shift in momentum and a boost in morale.

Who brought the events in London into American living rooms?

Who brought the events in London into American living rooms?

What organization put more than 150,000 women to work to support the war effort?

Women's Army Corps (WAC)

Which ships survived the attack on Pearl Harbor untouched?

aircraft carriers

How did the Allies respond to the German blitzkrieg into Poland?

by declaring war against Germany

How did Germany invade France at the beginning of World War II?

by sending tanks through the Ardennes

What was the nation's economic situation after the United States declared war?

improved

Which group wanted America to actively support the Allies?

interventionists

What helped the Nationalists win the Spanish Civil War?

military and economic aid from Germany and Italy

About how many African Americans joined the military during World War II?

nearly one million

What document signaled a deepening alliance between the United States and England?

the Atlantic Charter

Which side seemed to be winning the war at the end of 1940?

the Axis Powers

What party did Hitler and Mussolini support during the Spanish Civil War?

the Nationalists

With what country did Germany sign a pact so that it would not have to fight a war on two fronts?

the Soviet Union

When did Hitler and Mussolini test some of their new military technology?

the Spanish Civil War

While some nations moved toward democracy in the 1920s, others moved toward repressive dictatorships and totalitarianism—a government in which a single party or leader controls the economic, social, and cultural lives of its people. What waterm-3s one reason why totalitarianism was embraced in some countries in the years leading up to World War II?

the destruction and bitterness left behind by World War I

What helped interventionists get Congress to pass the Selective Service Act?

the signing of the Tripartite Pact

Which action led to the Bataan Death March?

the surrender of 75,000 Allied soldiers in the Philippines

What was the purpose of the Munich Pact?

to avoid confrontation with Adolf Hitler

Why did the Japanese attack Pearl Harbor?

to destroy ships and planes that threatened their expansion efforts

Why did the U.S. government set up the War Production Board (WPB)?

to increase the production of war materials

France, Great Britain, and the United States pursued the policy of appeasement toward the fascist and totalitarian regimes. However, this approach only encouraged the leaders of those nations to become bolder and more aggressive. What was the purpose of the policy of appeasement pursued by France and Britain during the 1930s?

to maintain peace

What was one promise made by Benito Mussolini and the Fascist Party?

to make Italy a great nation again

What was the purpose of the 1941 Lend-Lease Act?

to provide arms and supplies at no cost to cash-poor Great Britain

Following the Japanese attack, a spirit of patriotism and service swept across the country. Americans joined the military, volunteered with the Red Cross and other organizations, and moved into new jobs to support the war effort. What was the purpose of the Women's Army Corps (WAC)?

to provide clerical workers, truck drivers, instructors, and lab technicians for the U.S. Army

What was the purpose of Joseph Stalin's Great Terror?

to rid the Communist Party of real or suspected traitors

Why did the government create the Office of War Mobilization (OWM)?

to supervise the government agencies involved in the war effort

What did the United States government do after declaring war?

transformed peacetime industry into war industry