week one and two CAQs
Which role does a nurse play when helping clients to identify and clarify health problems and to choose appropriate courses of action to solve those problems? a. educator b. counselor c. change agent d. case manager
b. counselor RATIONALE: As a counselor, the nurse helps clients identify and clarify health problems and choose appropriate courses of action to solve those problems. As an educator, the nurse teaches clients and their families to assume responsibility for their own health care. A nurse acts as a change agent within a family system or as a mediator for problems within a client's community; this involves identifying and implementing new and more effective approaches to problems. As a case manager, the nurse establishes an appropriate plan of care on the basis of assessment findings and coordinates needed resources and services for the client's well-being along a continuum of care.
A nurse is caring for an adult client who drinks large amounts of coffee every day. The nurse advises the client to avoid coffee because caffeine can have adverse effects on health. Arrange the proper of responses that the client might demonstrate while passing through the stages of health behavior change. a. I know that too much coffee can cause problems, but it helps me stay alert and focused on my work b. I'm planning to quit drinking coffee, but it'll take some time c. I've been drinking coffee for the last 10 years and haven't had any health problems d. I've been drinking just a cup a day for the last several months e. I'm trying to trade coffee for green tea, but the tea doesn't taste good, so I still want coffee
1.c. I've been drinking coffee for the last 10 years and haven't had any health problems 2.a. I know that too much coffee can cause problems, but it helps me stay alert and focused on my work 3.b. I'm planning to quit drinking coffee, but it'll take some time 4.e. I'm trying to trade coffee for green tea, but the tea doesn't taste good, so I still want coffee 5.d. I've been drinking just a cup a day for the last several months
A nurse notes that a client is in the habit of skipping breakfast and lunch and educates the client on the harmful effects of not getting enough nutrition. Which responses are signs that the client has reached the action stage of health behavior change? Select all that apply a. I still tend to skip breakfast when I'm in a hurry to get to work b. I can't compromise my career for the sake of good eating habits c. I know that it's not good to skip meals, but my health seems fine d. I've been having my breakfast and lunch on time for the past 6mo e. I follow a proper eating schedule, but sometimes it gets in the way of my work
a. I still tend to skip breakfast when I'm in a hurry to get to work e. I follow a proper eating schedule, but sometimes it gets in the way of my work RATIONALE: A client in the action stage of health behavior change is actively engaged in strategies to change behavior. However, old habits may get in the way of actions that are related to new behavior. If the client indicates that even though changes in health behavior have taken place, he/she still tends to skip breakfast sometimes. In the precontemplation stage, the client does not intend to make any changes in health behavior in the next 6 months. A client in the contemplation stage of health behavior will be more likely to accept the information. When a client has been having breakfast and lunch on time for the past 6 months, it indicates the change in health behavior has lasted quite some time, and the client is in the maintenance stage.
A nurse is caring for a client who has recently been sleeping for 12 to 14 hours on weekend nights. The nurse instructs the client to sleep for no longer than 9 hours because excessive sleeping can lead to health issues. What reaction might the nurse expect if the client is in the maintenance stage? a. I've been following a proper sleep pattern for more than a year b. I like to sleep; that's why I doze. I just don't care about all this health advice c. I've tried to follow a proper sleep routine, but I end up sleeping for more than 12hours d. please suggest a regimen that can help me stay awake of will help me normalize my sleep pattern
a. I've been following a proper sleep pattern for more than a year RATIONALE: In the maintenance stage, the client is able to sustain changes and wants to integrate them into his or her lifestyle. If the client says that he or she has been following a proper sleep routine for more than a year, the client has reached the maintenance stage. If the client says that he or she dozes because he or she likes to sleep, the client is in the precontemplation stage. If the client says that he or she is trying to follow a proper sleep routine but still ends up sleeping for more than 12 hours, the client is in the action stage. If the client asks the nurse to suggest a regimen that can help him or her stay awake or normalize his sleep pattern, the client is in the preparation stage.
What services does block and parish nursing provide for preventive and primary care services? Select all that apply. a. Respite care b. running errands c. homemaker aides d. routine physical examination e. communicable disease control
a. Respite care b. running errands c. homemaker aides RATIONALE: Respite care, running errands, and homemaker aides are services provided by block and parish nurses. Routine physical examinations are provided by a physician's office. Communicable disease control services are provided by occupational health.
What does a community-based nurse do as a change agent? Select all that apply. a. The nurse empowers clients and their families to creatively solve problem b. The nurse works with clients to solve problems and helps clients identify an alternative care facility. c. The nurse helps clients gain the skills and knowledge needed to provide self-care d. The nurse empowers clients to become instrumental in creating change within a health care agency. e. The nurse does not make decisions but rather helps clients reach decisions that are best for them.
a. The nurse empowers clients and their families to creatively solve problem b. The nurse works with clients to solve problems and helps clients identify an alternative care facility. d. The nurse empowers clients to become instrumental in creating change within a health care agency. RATIONALE: As a change agent, the nurse empowers clients and families to creatively solve problems. As a change agent, the nurse works with clients to solve problems and helps them identify an alternative care facility. As a change agent, the nurse empowers clients to become instrumental in creating change within a health care agency. As an educator, the nurse helps clients gain the skills and knowledge needed for self-care. As a counselor, the nurse does not make decisions, but rather helps clients reach decisions that are best for them.
A client tells the nurse, "I keep reverting to my old habit of drinking soda, although I have stopped drinking as much." What stage of health behavior change has the client reached? a. action stage b. preparation stage c. maintenance stage d. contemplation stage
a. action stage RATIONALE: The client in this situation has reached the action stage of health behavior change. In this stage, old habits may get in the way of new behaviors. In the preparation stage, the client understands that the advantages of the health behavior change outweigh its disadvantages. In this situation, the client has already made changes in health behavior. In the maintenance stage, the client continues the health behavior change indefinitely. In the contemplation stage, the client may be ambivalent but is more ready to accept information regarding health behavior change.
What are the purposes of public health laws? Select all that apply. a. advocating for the rights of people b. prohibiting the purchase or sale of organs c. regulating health care and healthcare financing d. ensuring professional accountability for the care provided e. encouraging healthcare professionals to assist in emergencies
a. advocating for the rights of people c. regulating health care and healthcare financing d. ensuring professional accountability for the care provided
A public health nurse is working with a family with three school-aged children as the unit of service. What should the nurse consider when caring for this family? a. certain members of the family may be capable of giving more support than the nurse b. assessing each family member is not necessary to plan care for the family as a whole c. family values are not as important as other factors regarding how assistance is perceived d. helping the family requires separating health problems from other aspects of the family's life
a. certain members of the family may be capable of giving more support than the nurse RATIONALE: Family strengths must be identified and used by the nurse. It is necessary to assess each family member to plan care for the whole family. Family values, beliefs, and attitudes greatly influence perceptions. The family members and their problems must be viewed as an integrated whole.
a nurse is teaching a community health class for middle aged adults. which topic is priority? a. cessation of smoking b. prevention of infection c. abstinence from alcohol d. decreasing high density lipoproteins (HDL) levels
a. cessation of smoking RATIONALE: Smoking is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and hypertension, major health problems of middle-age adults. Middle-aged adults are not at greater risk for infection. Alcohol intake should be limited, but total abstinence is not required for prevention of health problems. HDL levels should be increased to help prevent cardiovascular disease.
Which are resources that enable the family of a preschool-age client to develop and adapt to stressors? Select all that apply a. education b. communication c. problem solving d. prior experiences e. adequate finances
a. education d. prior experiences e. adequate finances RATIONALE: Education, prior experiences, and adequate finances are all resources that enable families to develop and adapt to stressors. While effective communication and problem-solving enables families to develop and adapt to stressors, these are not considered resources.
A nursing student lists examples of health promotion activities. Which examples are accurate? Select all that apply. a. good nutrition b. regular exercise c. weight reduction d. immunization against measles e. education about stress management
a. good nutrition b. regular exercise c. weight reduction RATIONALE: Health promotion activities enable clients to enhance or maintain their current health levels. Good nutrition, regular exercise, and weight reduction are examples of such activities. Immunization against measles is an example of an illness prevention activity. Education about stress management is an example of a wellness education activity.
while instructing a community group regarding risk factors for coronary artery disease, the nurse provides a list of risk factors that cannot be modified. what should be included on the list? a. heredity b. hypertension c. cigarette smoking d. diabetes mellitus
a. heredity RATIONALE:Heredity refers to genetic makeup and cannot be changed. Cigarette smoking is a lifestyle habit that involves behavior modification. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are risk factors of coronary artery disease that can be controlled with diet, medication, and exercise.
Which tasks should a nurse perform in order to comply with public health laws? Select all that apply. a. report cases of communicable diseases b. report incidences of domestic violence c. provide emergency assistance at an accident scene d. notify the primary health care provider of any client related problems e. ensure that clients in a community have received necessary immunizations
a. report cases of communicable diseases b. report incidences of domestic violence e. ensure that clients in a community have received necessary immunizations RATIONALE: To comply with public health laws, the nurse is required to report cases of communicable diseases. The nurse must also report cases of suspected domestic violence, child abuse, or elder abuse. The nurse should ensure that clients in a community have received all necessary immunizations. To comply with Good Samaritan laws, the nurse should provide emergency assistance consistent with his or her level of expertise at an accident scene. Notifying the primary healthcare provider of client-related problems is not an example of complying with public health laws.
A nursing student is listing the different levels of the health care services pyramid. Under which type of health care services should the nursing student include subacute care? a. tertiary care b. continuing care c. restorative care d. secondary acute care
a. tertiary care RATIONALE: The nursing student should include subacute care under tertiary care. Subacute care is not a part of continuing care, restorative care, or secondary acute care health care services.
A nursing student is recalling the various stages of health behavior change. What are the characteristics of the preparation stage? Select all that apply. a. the client requires assistance to plan changes in health behavior b. the client intends to make changes in health behavior in the next 6 months c. the client becomes actively engaged in strategies to change health behavior d. the client understands that the advantages of health behavior change exceed the disadvantages e. the client makes small changes in health behavior in preparation for major changes in the next month
a. the client requires assistance to plan changes in health behavior d. the client understands that the advantages of health behavior change exceed the disadvantages e. the client makes small changes in health behavior in preparation for major changes in the next month In the preparation stage, the client may need assistance in planning for the health behavior change. At this stage, the client understands that advantages of health behavior change exceed the disadvantages. The client, therefore, makes small changes to prepare for major health behavior change in the next month. In the contemplation stage of health behavior change, the client intends to make changes in health behavior in the next 6 months. In the preparation stage, the client becomes actively engaged in strategies to change his or her health behavior.
A nurse needs to provide preventive and primary care to adults during a health camp. Which of these actions should the nurse perform? Select all that apply. a. the nurse should discuss vaccinations b. the nurse should discuss family planning c. the nurse should discuss adult day care services d. the nurse should instruct the health camp about the self care at home e. the nurse should instruct the health camp about road safety measures
a. the nurse should discuss vaccinations b. the nurse should discuss family planning e. the nurse should instruct the health camp about road safety measures RATIONALE: While providing preventive and primary care, the nurse may discuss vaccinations and family planning. Road safety measures like seat belts, air bags, and helmets are also part of a primary health care program. Day care services are associated with restorative care. Instructions about home self-care are also part of restorative care.
A nurse is caring for a client who has a poor understanding of weight reduction strategies. The nurse instructs the client to follow a healthy diet regularly because crash dieting can lead to serious health issues. Which of these reactions might the nurse expect if the client is in the precontemplation stage? Select all that apply. a. please tell me how to lose weight by eating a normal diet b. as far as I know having a thin body means that I'm healthy c. who says that I don't eat properly? I'm just skipping my breakfast d. I'm trying really hard to stick to the diet chart, but sometimes I skip breakfast e. I don't care about following the diet plan; I just want to lose weight as soon as possible
b. as far as I know having a thin body means that I'm healthy c. who says that I don't eat properly? I'm just skipping my breakfast e. I don't care about following the diet plan; I just want to lose weight as soon as possible RATIONALE: In the precontemplation stage, the client does not intend to make changes in the next 6 months and may become defensive when confronted with information on the benefits of changing habits. The client who believes that having a thin body indicates good health, saying that she skips breakfast to lose weight, and saying that she just wants to lose weight and is not concerned with following the diet chart indicate that the client is in the precontemplation stage. Saying that she wants to learn how to lose weight by eating a normal diet is a sign that the client is in the preparation stage. Saying that she tries to abide by the diet chart but sometimes skips breakfast is a sign that the client is in the action stage.
a nurse is conducting a health class for adolescents. what modifiable risk factor, most closely associated with the development of coronary heart disease (CHD) in both men and women, should the nurse discuss? a. opioid use b. cigarette smoking c. judicious alcohol intake d. moderate exercise program
b. cigarette smoking RATIONALE: Nicotine in cigarette smoke constricts blood vessels, including coronary arteries, which contributes to the occurrence of angina and CHD. Opioid use is not a risk factor for CHD. Judicious alcohol intake may promote relaxation, decreasing stress and limiting the development of CHD. Inactivity, not moderate exercise, is a risk factor for CHD. Exercise decreases hypertension, blood clotting, and heart rate. Exercise also increases metabolism, the plasma level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and cardiac capillary blood flow.
What services do community health centers provide in preventive and primary care services? Select all that apply. a. day care b. health screenings c. physical assessments d. disease management e. acute and chronic care management
b. health screenings c. physical assessments d. disease management RATIONALE: Health screenings, physical assessments, and disease management services are provided by community health centers in preventive and primary care services. Day care and acute and chronic care management services are provided by nurse-managed clinics.
A client tells the nurse, "I need help planning an exercise regimen to help manage my weight." Which stage of health behavior change does this reflect? a. action b. preparation c. contemplation d. precontemplation
b. preparation RATIONALE: This scenario reveals that the client is in the preparation stage, in which the client believes that the advantages of behavior change outweigh the disadvantages and that he or she needs assistance in planning for the change. In the action stage, the client is actively engaged in strategies to change behavior; this stage lasts up to 6 months. In the contemplation stage, the client considers making a change within the next 6 months. In the precontemplation stage, the client does not intend to make changes within the next 6 months.
A community nurse takes the initiative to vaccinate people against diseases. What kind of health care service is this? a. continuing care b. preventative care c. restorative care d. secondary acute care
b. preventative care RATIONALE: Taking the initiative to vaccinate people against diseases is an example of preventive care. Continuing care describes a variety of health, personal, and social services provided over a prolonged period. Restorative care helps individuals regain maximal functional status and enhance quality of life through promotion of independence and self-care. Secondary acute care deals with emergency care, acute medical-surgical care, and radiological procedures for acute problems.
what is the professional nurse's legal responsibility regarding child abuse? a. honor the request of the parents not to report the suspected abuse b. report any suspected abuse to local law enforcement authorities c. return the child to the legal parent even if he or she is suspected of abuse d. provide the parents with a copy of the child's medical record
b. report any suspected abuse to local law enforcement authorities RATIONALE: Nurses and primary healthcare providers are legally responsible for reporting suspected or actual abuse. Child protective services may obtain a court order to grant temporary guardianship if it is found that the child is in immediate danger. The other answer options do not fulfil the nurse's duty to report suspected child abuse.
What is the main focus of community health nursing? a. to meet the acute care needs of a population b. to improve the quality of health in a population c. to influence political processes affecting public policies d. to assess the health care needs of an individual or family
b. to improve the quality of health in a population RATIONALE: Community health nursing is a nursing practice focusing on the healthcare of individuals, families and groups with a community. Its main focus is to improve the quality of life and health of a population by preserving, protecting, promoting, or maintaining health. The acute and chronic care of an individual or family is provided by community-based nursing. Instead of focusing on institutional care, community-based nursing brings healthcare within the reach of the community. Factors influencing health services such as political process affecting public policies are handled by public health nursing. Community-based nursing focuses on the fulfillment of the healthcare needs of an individual or family.
A registered nurse is educating a nursing student about community health nursing. Which point made by the student nurse needs correction? a. community health nursing is focused on preserving, protecting, promoting, or maintaining health b. community health nursing emphasizes improving the quality of health and life within that community c. community health nursing does not provide direct or indirect care services to subpopulations in a community d. community health nursing is nursing practice in the community with the primary focus being the health care of individuals, families and groups in that community
c. community health nursing does not provide direct or indirect care services to subpopulations in a community RATIONALE: Community health nursing provides direct care services to subpopulations within a community. Community health nursing is focused on preserving, protecting, promoting, or maintaining health. Community health nursing emphasizes improvement of the quality of health and life within that community. Community health nursing is nursing practice in the community, with the primary focus the health care of individuals, families, and groups in the community.
The nurse is teaching a class about nutrition to a group of adolescents. Taking into consideration the prevalence of overweight teenagers, what is the best recommendation the nurse can make? a. join a gym b. drink fewer diet sodas c. decrease fast food intake d. take a multivitamin daily
c. decrease fast food intake RATIONALE: Eating a variety of healthful foods instead of a fast-food diet that is high in fat and carbohydrates helps decrease excess weight and increase energy with which to engage in physical activities. Joining a gym is expensive and unnecessary. Physical activity can be achieved in the schoolyard or at home. A multivitamin will not promote weight loss. Vitamins and minerals are best obtained in a balanced diet. Diet soft drinks do not contribute to obesity.
A nursing student lists the preventive and primary care services available in schools, primary healthcare provider's offices, occupational health clinics, community health centers, and nursing centers. Which service provided by these centers is most expensive? a. running errands b. health education c. disease management d. routine physical examinations
c. disease management RATIONALE: Disease management is the most expensive service provided by community health centers. Running errands is inexpensive, and if the person walks or rides a bike, can be used as a health promotion activity. Health education and routine physical examinations are inexpensive and can usually stop complications of diseases, which prevents from having to "manage" diseases, leading to costly and expensive treatment.
What is the most appropriate communication strategy for the nurse working with adolescents in a clinic in a large city health center? a. relating on a peer level b. using typical teenage language c. establishing a relationship over time d. having discussions in concrete terms
c. establishing a relationship over time RATIONALE: Several meetings with an adolescent provide an opportunity to develop trust and establish a relationship. Relating on a peer level is unrealistic because the nurse is not an adolescent's peer. Using teenage language is not necessary and may even impede the establishment of a relationship. It is not necessary to use concrete terms, because the adolescent is capable of abstract thought.
a nurse on the adolescent unit is planning to discuss smoking prevention. what is the most effective approach for the nurse to use? a. sharing personal experiences with a smoking cessation program b. showing pictures of the effects of smoking on the cardiopulmonary system c. presenting information on how smoking affects appearance and odor of the breath d. citing staistics about the relationship between smoking and cardiopulmonary diseases
c. presenting information on how smoking affects appearance and odor of the breath RATIONALE: Establishing an identity is the major developmental task of the adolescent; to achieve this task, the adolescent needs to conform to group norms that include appearance and acceptance. Appealing to this need may achieve more success than other teaching strategies. Sharing personal experiences with a smoking-cessation program is a teaching strategy that may be successful with an older, more secure group of people. Adolescents tend to believe that they are invincible and probably will not relate to this teaching strategy. They are also concerned about the present, not the future. Because adolescents believe they are invincible, they would not relate to a teaching strategy based on statistics about the harmful effects of smoking.
a nurse is conducting cholesterol screening for a manufacturing corporation during a health fair. a 50yr old man who is 6ft tall and weights 293lbs puts out his cigarette and asks the nurse how to modify his risk factors for coronary artery disease. on which risk factors should the nurse help the client focus? (select all that apply) a. age b. height c. weight d. smoking e. family history
c. weight d. smoking RATIONALE: Obesity is a modifiable risk factor that is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD); an increased fat intake contributes to an increased serum cholesterol and atherosclerosis. Smoking, which constricts the blood vessels, is a modifiable risk factor for CAD. The incidence of CAD does increase with age. However, age is not a modifiable risk factor. Height is unrelated to the incidence of CAD. Family history is not a modifiable risk factor for CAD because one cannot control heredity.
A nurse instructs a client who eats a lot of candy to stop eating sweets in order to avoid high blood sugar levels. What reaction might the nurse expect if the client is in the contemplation stage? a. that will never happen. I've been eating candy for a long time b. I've been avoiding candy but can't help myself when I see it at the store c. I've been able to cut down on how much candy I eat for the last 8 months d. I understand that candy isn't good for my health, but I can't stay away from it
d. I understand that candy isn't good for my health, but I can't stay away from it RATIONALE: A client in the contemplation stage is more likely to accept information because he or she is developing a greater belief in the value of change. A client in the precontemplation stage may become defensive when confronted with information on the benefits of change. A client in the action stage may find that old habits are keeping him or her from engaging in new behaviors. A client in the maintenance stage has been able to make changes in his or her health beliefs but needs to integrate these changes into his/her lifestyle.
How does a nurse play the role of a "change agent" in a community-based nursing practice? a. by helping clients identify and clarify health problems b. by establishing relationships with community service organizations c. by establishing an appropriate plan of care, based on assessment of clients d. by identifying and implementing new and more effective approaches to problems
d. by identifying and implementing new and more effective approaches to problems RATIONALE: The nurse acts as a change agent by identifying and implementing new and more effective approaches to problems. As a change agent, the nurse can empower individuals and their families to creatively solve problems or become instrumental in creating change within a health care agency. The nurse acts as a case manager when he or she asks clients to identify and clarify health problems. The nurse acts as an educator when he or she establishes relationships with community service organizations. The nurse acts as a counselor when he or she establishes an appropriate care plan based on the client's assessment.
A community health nurse makes a home visit to a disabled 13-year-old client who has a 6-month-old infant sister. The infant lies quietly in her crib and rarely smiles or vocalizes; it appears that the infant barely has her basic needs met. What is the nurse's most appropriate intervention? a. advise the patent that the infant will be retarded if not stimulated b. ask the disabled client to spend more time playing with the sister c. encourage purchasing toys that are appropriate for the infant's age level d. determine whether there is anyone who can help with chores and the infant's care
d. determine whether there is anyone who can help with chores and the infant's care RATIONALE: Recruiting someone to help with chores and infant care will allow the parent time to rest and will provide the infant with care and attention. Making the parent feel guilty is not therapeutic and will increase anxiety. The disabled sibling requires attention, and this responsibility may cause jealousy, rivalry, and resentment. Toys need not be employed for sensory stimulation; household objects and quality human contact can serve as well.
a nursing student is listing examples of active and passive health promotion strategies. which strategy is an example of passive health promotion strategy? a. weight reduction program b. smoking cessation program c. drug abuse prevention strategy d. fluoridation of municipal drinking water
d. fluoridation of municipal drinking water RATIONALE: Passive strategies of health promotion help people benefit from the activities of others without direct involvement. The fluoridation of municipal drinking water is an example of a passive health promotion strategy. Active strategies of health promotion require clients to adopt specific programs for improving health. Weight-reduction programs, smoking-cessation programs, and drug abuse prevention strategies are examples of active health promotion activities.
A nurse instructs a client who avoids bathing to take a bath or shower each day as a means of maintaining hygiene and preventing infection. Which of these reactions should the nurse expect if the client is in the action stage? Select all that apply a."I only take a bath once a week, but I don't see any infections on my skin." b. "I try to take a shower every day, but I skip it sometimes because of my tight work schedule." c."I understand that bathing regularly is a good habit, but my bathroom is very cold in the mornings." d. "Please tell me how to get into the habit of taking a bath daily so I can keep myself clean and healthy." e. "I want to take a bath regularly, but I don't have time because I need to look after my kids and my parents."
e. "I want to take a bath regularly, but I don't have time because I need to look after my kids and my parents." b. "I try to take a shower every day, but I skip it sometimes because of my tight work schedule." c."I understand that bathing regularly is a good habit, but my bathroom is very cold in the mornings." RATIONALE: In the action stage, the client notices that old habits are hindering him or her from engaging in new behaviors. In this scenario, the client says that he or she tries to take a daily shower but skips it sometimes because of a tight work schedule. In the second scenario, the client says that he or she understands the importance of taking baths but the bathroom is very cold. In another scenario, the client says that he or she wants to take baths but has to look after the family and doesn't have time. All these scenarios indicate that the client is in the action stage. Saying that he or she only takes one bath a week but doesn't see any skin infections indicates that the patient is in the precontemplation stage. Saying that he or she wants to know how to get into the habit of taking regular baths indicates that the client is in the preparation stage.
What kind of health service does the nurse offer in a health promotion or primary care program? a. home care b. immunization d. sports medicine e. nutrition counseling
e. nutrition counseling RATIONALE: Health promotion or primary care focuses on improved health outcomes for the entire population. It includes nutrition counseling and health education. Home care is the provision of enabling medically related professional and paraprofessional services and equipment to clients and their families at home. Preventive care is more disease oriented. It focuses on reducing and controlling risk factors for diseases through immunizations and occupational health programs. Sports medicine is a form of restorative care. The goal of this program is to help individuals regain maximum functional status through promotion of independence and self-care.