Week Three: Cell Structure and Protists
A
"A Real Life Example" question: What likely effect do viruses that infect Chaetoceros diatoms have on fish that are parasitized by Chaetoceros? A. They cause an increase in the fish population. B. They cause a decrease in the fish population. C. The fish population becomes more genetically diverse. D. They do not affect the fish - they only affect Chaetoceros.
A
A 2017 study published in the journal Hepatology indicates that 20% of the cases of acute liver disease in the United States are the result of taking certain herbal supplements. A person's body detects these supplements as toxins. Based on this information, in what organelle would you expect to show more activity in people who take supplements than those who do not? A. smooth endoplasmic reticulum B. nuclear membrane C. mitochondria D. Golgi bodies
A
A biologist discovers a new species of marine alga that is photosynthetic and can live at depths reached only by blue light. This alga is most likely a type of __________________________. A. red algae B. brown algae C. green algae D. golden algae
A
A biologist discovers an alga that is marine, multicellular, lives in fairly deep water, and contains the compound phycoerythrin. It probably belongs to ______________________. A. Kingdom Rhodophyta. B. Kingdom Chlorophyta. C. Phylum Bacillariophyta. D. Phylum Phaeophyta.
D
A cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, mitochondria and chloroplasts. It could be a cell from A. a plant or an animal. B. an animal, but not a plant. C. a bacterium. D. a plant, but not an animal.
C
A cell that secretes proteins has a mutation that results in a bypass of the Golgi apparatus. What will be wrong with the proteins secreted from this cell? A. They will contain too many amino acids. B. They will have too few amino acids. C. They will be missing sugars. D. They will be stuck in the ER. E. Nothing will be wrong with them.
B
A cell with a predominance of free ribosomes is most likely: A. constructing an extensive cell wall or extracellular matrix. B. producing primarily cytoplasmic proteins. C. digesting large food particles. D. producing primarily proteins for secretion.
A
A cell with defective lysosomes would likely ________________. A. be unable to break down digested proteins B. not synthesize proteins C. not produce rRNA D. be defective in protein glycolysation
C
A patient presents with the following symptoms: tiredness and lethargy, poor muscle tone and weakness, and exercise intolerance. The patient reports eating a healthy diet and getting at least 8 hours of sleep a night. Based upon this information, you suspect that she may have a metabolic disease. Which of the following organelles is most likely affected by this disease? A. lysosomes B. golgi C. mitochondria D. ribosomes
C
A person exposed to toxins would have more activity in their ___________compared to an unexposed person. A. lysosomes B. rough endoplasmic reticulum C. smooth endoplasmic reticulum D. mitochondria E. golgi apparatus
A
A person with Tay-Sachs disease has _________ gangliosides in their brain tissue compared with someone without the disease. A. more B. fewer C. equal amounts of D. abnormal
A
A pesticide binds with a molecule involved in producing ATP. If a cell is exposed to the pesticide, most of the pesticide will be found within the ________________________. A. mitochondria B. lysosomes C. Golgi aparatus D. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C
A protist that has an apical cluster of microtubules and organelles, is parasitic, and has a sporozoite stage as a component of its life cycle would likely be __________________. A. a diplomonad B. a kinetoplastid C. an apicomplexan D. a dinoflagellate
A B
A rare illness in a child was determined to be the result of the production of antibodies to signal recognition particles (SRP) in her muscle cells. These antibodies destroyed her SRPs before they were able to carry out their function. Based on this information, which of the following is most likely to occur? Select all that apply. A. Proteins that are normally produced at the rough endoplasmic reticulum will be produced in the cytoplasm. B. Free ribosomes are unable to become bound ribosomes. C. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum will not function properly. D. A malfunction in the lysosomes that break down lipids.
C
According to the endosymbiotic theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells, how did mitochondria originate? A. From the nuclear envelope folding outward and forming mitochondrial membranes. B. From infoldings of the plasma membrane, coupled with mutations of genes for proteins involved in cellular respiration. C. From engulfed, originally free-living prokaryotes that could detoxify oxygen. D. From acquisition of an endomembrane system, and subsequent evolution of mitochondria from a portion of the Golgi.
D
All of the organisms that are classified as protists A. have functional mitochondria B. are single-celled. C. photosynthesize. D. have nuclei. E. All of the above.
D
All of the organisms that are classified as protists: A. have functional mitochondria B. are single-celled. C. photosynthesize. D. have nuclei.
A
All of the protists that are called "algaes" A. convert light energy into sugars. B. live in the ocean. C. have the same photosynthetic pigments. D. store their carbohydrates as starch.
A
An individual presenting with a mysterious disease affecting his connective tissues is found to have numerous defects in multiple regulatory proteins. If these proteins are characterized by highly abnormal patterns of glycosylation, to what structure might the patient's disease most likely be attributed? A. golgi apparatus B. lysosomes C. rough endoplasmic reticulum D. nucleus
C
As a result of a walking while texting accident, you have broken your nose and your doctor has prescribed painkillers to help you through this difficult time. Which of the following is most likely to occur as a result of your use of painkillers? A. The lysosomes in your cells will hydrolyze the painkillers before they can be effective. B. The cells in your body will start to produce more mitochondria to help metabolize the painkillers. C. The cells in your body will start to produce more smooth endoplasmic reticula to help metabolize the painkillers. D. The Golgi apparatus will label and package the painkillers for export out of your cells.
D
Ciliates (such as Paramecium) are single-celled organisms that are covered with cilia. They use these cilia to propel them through the water in which they live. The components of the cytoskeleton that allows theses cilia to move are A. microfilaments made of actin. B. intermediate fibers made of keratin. C. secretory vesicles produced by the Golgi apparatus. D. microtubules made of tubulin.
A
Ciliates (such as Paramecium) are single-celled organisms that are covered with cilia. They use these cilia to propel them through the water in which they live. The components of the cytoskeleton that allows theses cilia to move are: A. microtubules made of tubulin. B. intermediate fibers made of keratin. C. microfilaments made of actin. D. secretory vesicles produced by the Golgi apparatus.
D
Dinoflagellates are unicellular protists that are of ecological, economic and medical importance. Which of the following can NOT be attributed to a dinoflagellate? A. Red tides and toxin accumulation in shellfish. B. The ability to fix carbon dioxide. C. Food for large plankton-feeding species. D. Use of an apical complex to parasitize animal cells.
C
Drugs have various targets that disrupt the function of pathogens. Which drug would be the least useful in treating an infection caused by a protist without mitochondria? A. One that interfered with the protist's RNA polymerase. B. One that interfered with the protist's glycolysis. C. One that interfered with mitochondrial enzymes. D. One that affected the protist's microtubules.
B
Each of the following groups contain many planktonic species except ______________. A. diatoms. B. kinetoplastids. C. golden algae. D. dinoflagellates.
A
Glucocerebrosidase is a lysosomal enzyme that breaks down various glycolipids. People with a mutation in the gene that codes for this enzyme have Gaucher's disease. Which of the following is the predicted pathway for the production of this protein in a cell that produces the enzyme? A. Free Ribosome > Signal recognition particle > Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum > Golgi apparatus > Lysosome B. Bound Ribosome > Signal recognition particle > Golgi apparatus > Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum > Lysosome C. Free Ribosome > Signal recognition particle > Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum > Golgi apparatus > Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum > Lysosome D. Bound Ribosome > Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum > Signal recognition particle > Golgi apparatus > Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum > Lysosome
A
How are prokaryotic cells different from eukaryotic cells? A. Prokaryotic cells have simple or nonexistent endomembrane systems and nucleoids. B. Prokaryotic cells have mitochondria and nucleoids. C. Prokaryotic cells are generally larger than eukaryotic cells. D. The nucleoid of prokaryotic cells is enclosed in a membrane.
C
How is giardiasis usually transmitted? A. Cysts move directly from one mammalian host to another. B. It enters drinking water via the urine of an infected individual, and then enters the body through the mouth of another host. C. It enters drinking water via the feces of an infected individual, and then enters the gut of another host through the mouth. D. A mosquito bites an individual infected with giardia, the parasite enters its body, then the mosquito transmits it when it bites another individual.
B
Insulin is a hormone protein that is secreted from the cells of the pancreas to help regulate blood glucose levels. Because this protein is exported from the cell, one would expect the first amino acids of the protein to be recognized by a __________________. This protein will be produced by __________________. A. microtubule ; bound ribosomes B. signal recognition particle ; bound ribosomes C. golgi apparatus ; free ribosomes D. signal recognition particle ; free ribosomes
D
MERFF (Myoclonic Epilepsy with Ragged Red Fibers) is a genetic condition caused by a mutation in a mitochondrial gene. A man diagnosed with this disease most likely inherited this disease from his A. it is equally likely that this disease came from either her mother or father. B. father. C. Mutations in the mitochondrial genome do not cause genetic disorders. D. mother.
A
Members of the slime molds and fungi share ecological similarities with these members of the Stramenopila. A. Oomycetes (Downy mildews). B. Chrysophytes (Golden algae). C. Bacillariophytes (Diatoms). D. Phaeophytes (Brown algae).
C
Pancreatic lipases are proteins excreted into the digestive tract where they serve to process dietary lipids into more simple forms that can be more easily absorbed and transported throughout the body. As a protein that is excreted from cells, the protein will be produced on the rough ER by a _______________ and the first amino acids of the protein will have been recognized by a ______________________. A. free ribosome ; golgi apparatus B. free ribosome ; signal recognition particle ; C. bound ribosome ; signal recognition particle D. bound ribosome ; lysosome
A
People with a mutation in the gene encoding the enzyme Hexosaminidase A have the disease ________________. These people suffer from __________________. A. Tay Sachs / degeneration of the nervous system B. Bubonic Plague / lung congestion C. Sickle cell Anemia / fatigue and organ failure D. Cholera / production of thicker than normal mucous
B
Rank the three major cytoskeletal components from largest to smallest. A. intermediate filaments, microtubules, microfilaments B. microtubules, intermediate filaments, microfilaments C. microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules D. microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments
B
Ribosomes are found A. only in the nucleus B. in the cytoplasm C. attached to the smooth endoplasmic reticulum D. only in eukaryotic cells E. both b and c
A B
Scientists have discovered a single-celled organism that is new to science. Which of the following would be found in the organism if it is a prokaryote? (Select all that apply) A. DNA B. ribosomes C. a nucleus D. endoplasmic reticulum E. lysosomes
D
Signal sequences direct proteins to their destinations in the cell and are recognized by signal recognition particles. These signal sequences are found in ________________________________________. A. plasma membranes. B. ribosomes. C. tRNAs. D. polypeptides.
B
Slime molds and fungi were once considered to be in the same kingdom. We now consider the similarities between these groups to be __________________________________________. A. adaptations for different functions. B. examples of convergent evolution. C. due to mutations in their chloroplasts. D. the result of natural selection that resulted in non-adaptive evolution.
D
Some cells contain a high number of ribosomes. These are cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules? A. lipids B. carbohydrates C. nucleic acids D. proteins
D
Some chlorophytes differ from plants because they ______________. A. contain chlorophyll a B. contain chlorophyll c C. store fixed carbon as starch D. are unicellular
D
Some data show that the enzyme that repairs UV damage in dinoflagellates is not functional at warmer temperatures. If global warming results in an increase in sea temperatures, what other effects could it have on organisms? A. Coral reefs might grow more slowly. B. The frequency of red tide could decrease. C. Phytoplankton might decrease in abundance. D. All of the above might occur.
B C
Some members of the Phaeophyta (brown algae) have structures similar to the roots, stems, and leaves of true plants but they do not share a recent common ancestor with the true plants. The similarity in appearance and function of these structures is due to __________________________. Select all that apply. A. random evolutionary change. B. convergent evolution. C. adaptation to similar environmental pressures.
D
Straminopiles are _______________. A. only represented by the diatoms. B. all photosynthetic C. all plant pathogens. D. are a monophyletic group.
B
Taxol is a chemical that binds to tubulin and prevents normal function of the protein. Which cellular processes will not be affected by taxol? A. Transport within a cell B. Phagocytosis C. Mitosis/cell division D. Cell movement facilitated by flagella. E. All of these will be affected.
D
The Irish potato famine was caused by a(n) ______________. A. symbiotically joined pair of species called a lichen, consisting of a lichen and a green alga B. apicomplexan C. bacterium D. stramenopile
B
The Phaeophyta (Brown algae) have conductive tissue and leaf and root-like structures that make them appear to be related to plants. However, they do not have chlorophyll b and do not produce starch like true plants. The resemblance of the phaeophytes to the true plants is an example of A. mutations that inactivate the chloroplast. B. convergent evolution. C. non-adaptive evolution. D. a parasitic relationship.
A C D
The Rhodophyta (also known as red algae) are plant-like eukaryotic organisms with chloroplasts and mitochondria. Where can you find DNA in a cell from a red algae? Select all that apply A. chloroplasts B. lysosomes C. nucleus D. mitochondria E. ribosomes
D
The __________ is responsible for gene expression in eukaryotes. A. endoplasmic reticulum B. lysosome C. vacuole D. nucleus
D
The ___________________ contain(s) hydrolytic enzymes used to degrade materials inside the cell. A. nuclear envelope B. smooth ER C. rough ER D. lysosomes
D
The ciliates, dinoflagellates and apicomplexans are all members of the same kingdom. What feature do they all share in common? A. chloroplasts for photosynthesis. B. a flagellum with hair-like projections. C. modified mitochondria. D. small cavities under the surface of the plasma membrane.
D
The ciliates, dinoflagellates and apicomplexans are members of a monophyletic group of protists. All of the members of this kingdom have A. chloroplasts for photosynthesis. B. a flagellum with hair-like projections. C. modified mitochondria. D. small cavities under the surface of the plasma membrane.
A
The dinoflagellates, apicomplexans, and ciliates are all considered members of Kingdom _______ because they all have __________ beneath their plasma membrane. A. Alveolata, small alveoli cavities B. Alveolata, a nucleus C. Diplomonads, small alveoli cavities D. Euglenozoa, small alveoli cavities
B
The evolution of eukaryotic cells most likely involved A. anaerobic archaea taking up residence inside a larger bacterial host cell to escape toxic oxygen-the anaerobic bacterium evolved into chloroplasts. B. endosymbiosis of an aerobic bacterium inside a larger archean host cell-the endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria. C. acquisition of an endomembrane system, and subsequent evolution of mitochondria from a portion of the Golgi. D. an endosymbiotic fungal cell evolved into the nucleus.
A
The evolution of eukaryotic cells most likely involved: A. endosymbiosis of an aerobic bacterium in a larger host cell—the endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria. B. anaerobic archaea taking up residence inside a larger bacterial host cell to escape toxic oxygen—the anaerobic archaea evolved into chloroplasts. C. an endosymbiotic fungal cell evolving into the nucleus. D. acquisition of an endomembrane system and subsequent evolution of mitochondria from a portion of the Golgi.
D
The liver is the main detoxification organ in the human body. Based upon this function, one would expect to find high levels of ___________________ in the cells of the liver. A. golgi bodies B. mitochondria C. rough endoplasmic reticulum D. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
B
The organism that causes Chagas' disease spends part of its life cycle in a mammalian host, living in the blood stream. While there it fuels its metabolism from components of the hosts blood. Therefore, T. cruzi is classified as a A. chemoautotroph B. chemoheterotroph C. photoautotroph D. photoheterotroph
D
The organisms called "seaweeds" __________________. A. are generally found near the edge of oceans and seas. B. belong to a variety of kingdoms. C. have varying mixtures of photosynthetic pigments . D. All of the above statements are correct.
D
The organisms classified within the kingdom Euglenozoa all A. are able to photosynthesize. B. cause serious human diseases. C. contain a kinetoplastid. D. have cells with a flagellum that contains a rod.
A
What common characteristics do chlorophytes and plants share? A. chlorophyll a and b, cellulose cell walls, and starch as a storage molecule B. chlorophyll a and b, cellulose cell walls, and glucose as a storage molecule C. chlorophyll a and c, cellulose cell walls, and starch as a storage molecule D. chlorophyll a and b, chitin cell walls, and starch as a storage molecule
A
The recessive genetic condition Tay - Sachs disease is the result of a mutation in the gene for production of the enzyme Hexosaminidase A that breaks down gangliosides in the brain. This disease is characterized by loss of motor skills beginning between three and six months of age with progressive evidence of neurodegeneration, including seizures, blindness, and eventual death, usually before four years of age. Which of the following is the predicted pathway of this protein in an individual who does not have the disease? A. Free Ribosome > Signal recognition particle > Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum > Golgi apparatus > Lysosome B. Bound Ribosome > Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum > Signal recognition particle > Golgi apparatus > Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum > Lysosome C. Bound Ribosome > Signal recognition particle > Golgi apparatus > Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum > Lysosome D. Free Ribosome > Signal recognition particle > Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum > Golgi apparatus > Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum > Lysosome
D
Transcribed mRNA exits the nucleus through the _____________. A. endoplasmic reticulum B. transport vesicles C. nucleolus D. nuclear pores
C
True or False. Most protists cause disease in humans and other animals. A. True. All important human infectious diseases are caused by protists. B. True. Most protists are classified as parasites. C. False. Most protists are free-living and non-parasitic. D. False. Parasitic protists require a bacterial symbiont to be infectious - it is the bacterium that is responsible for disease.
C
True or False. The cell of a typical single-celled protist is less complex than an animal cell. A. True. Protists are simple organisms with simple cell structure. B. True. Animal cells are the most complex cells of all organisms. C. False. Single-celled protists must carry out all basic life functions in their single cell. D. False. Protists are the most metabolically diverse group of organisms.
C
What do African Sleeping Sickness, Chagas Disease, and malaria all have in common? A. They are all diseases caused by kinetoplastids. B. They are all diseases cause by Alveolatans. C. They are all diseases that are spread by insects. D. They are all diseases that are caused by prokaryotes.
C
What is the immediate reason that many coral reefs are dying? A. Because the sun is getting brighter and directly "bleaching" the coral. B. Because pollution is killing the cnidarians that build coral. C. Because they are losing their symbiotic dinoflagellates due to temperature changes or some other influence. D. Because corals are evolving the ability to live without dinoflagellates, and they do not appear pigmented without these symbionts.
D
What is the secondary host of the Plasmodium species that causes malaria in humans? A. tsetse flies B. kissing bugs C. beavers D. Anopheles mosquitoes
D
What makes the surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum appear different from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? A. There is a scaffold of microtubules attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum that is not present on the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. B. The surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum has a number of pores to facilitate movement of large molecules between the lumen of the ER and the cytoplasm. C. The surface of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum has a different phospholipid composition than the rough endoplasmic reticulum. D. The surface of the rough endoplasmic is studded with ribosomes for protein synthesis.
B
Which group has the largest seaweeds? A. the cyanobacteria. B. Phylum Phaeophyta. C. Kingdom Chlorophyta. D. Kingdom Rhodophyta.
C D
Which of the following are organisms that are adapted to anaerobic conditions and contain modified mitochondria that lack DNA? A. dinoflagellates B. diatoms C. diplomonads D. parabasalids E. apicomplexans F. slime molds
A B C D
Which of the following are true of the dinoflagellates? Select all that apply. A. Dinoflagellates are an important component of phytoplankton. B. Dinoflagellates secrete toxins that can kill fish. C. Dinoflagellates are an important component of coral reefs. D. Dinoflagellates cause Red Tides. E. Dinoflagellates are responsible for Chagas disease.
E F G
Which of the following characteristics is shared by all members of the Stramenopilans? Select all that apply. A. All stramenopiles have cell walls made of silica. B. All stramenopiles photosynthesize using the pigment chlorophyll C. C. All stramenopiles are heterotrophs that show a fungal-like morphology. D. All stramenopiles are pathogens of either plants or animals. E. All stramenopiles have flagella with hair-like projections. F. All stramenopiles have a nucleus. G. All stramenopiles divide their cells using either mitosis or meiosis.
B
Which of the following does NOT support the idea that mitochondria and chloroplasts were once prokaryotic symbionts? A. Both organelles have prokaryotic-like protein machinery. B. Both organelles divide by mitosis. C. Both organelles are the size of a typical prokaryote. D. Both organelles have a circular DNA molecule.
C
Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton? A. Movement of substances within the cell B. Structural support C. Addition of carbohydrates to proteins (glycolysation) D. Movement of a cell through its environment
B
Which of the following is a major difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells? A. Prokaryotes are comprised of cells with more intricate internal architecture than eukaryotes. B. Eukaryotic cells have more intracellular organelles than prokaryotes. C. Prokaryotes are never able to carry out aerobic metabolism, relying instead on anaerobic metabolism. D. Prokaryotic cells tend to be larger than eukaryotic cells
A
Which of the following molecules is synthesized in the nucleolus? A. ribosomal RNA B. lipids C. protein D. DNA
D
Which of the following pairs is mismatched? A. cytoskeleton; microtubules B. nucleus; DNA replication C. nucleolus; ribosomal RNA D. lysosome; protein synthesis
C E
Which of the following statements about "protists" is true? Select all that apply. A. All "protists" are prokaryotes. B. All "protists" are unicellular. C. Some "protists" are capable of photosynthesis. D. Some "protists" can be photoheterotrophs. E. Some "protists" can be photoautotrophs.
A
Which of the following subcellular structures might be found in a prokaryotic cell? A. ribosomes B. endoplasmic reticulum C. chloroplasts D. mitochondria
D
Which of these characteristics provides evidence that plants are more closely related to green algae than to other algae? A. The presence of cells with flagella. B. The presence of stipes, blades and holdfasts. C. Their life cycles. D. The presence of chlorophyll b.
D
Which of these does NOT provide evidence for the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts and prokaryotic endosymbionts? A. The way that chloroplasts and mitochondria reproduce. B. The structure of the chromosome in chloroplasts and mitochondria. C. The size of chloroplasts and mitochondria. D. All of the above provide evidence that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated as prokaryotic endosymbionts of eukaryotic cells.
C
Which one of the following statements about the endomembrane system is correct? A. Most of the phospholipids of the endomembrane system are synthesized in the mitochondria. B. The nucleolus functions in the modification and sorting of lipids and proteins. C. Proteins that will be secreted from the cell are likely to be found in closed spaces bounded by membranes of the endomembrane system. D. Ribosomes move lipids and proteins among the different organelles of the endomembrane system.
B
Which one of these statements is true of Stramenopiles? A. All of the species live in aquatic environments. B. All of the species have a characteristic flagella with hair-like projections. C. All of the species are photosynthetic. D. All of the species cause disease in plants.
D
Which protist helped to make a half gallon of creamery ice cream? Ingredients: milk, cream, sugar, nonfat dry milk, corn syrup solids, propylene glycol, mono esters, mono and diglycerides, cellulose gum, guar gum, carrageenan, vanilla A. ciliates B. brown algae C. Carrageenanomycetes D. red algae
C
Why are the filamentous body forms of slime molds (myxomycetes and acrasiomycetes), water molds (oomycetes) and the hyphae of fungi considered a case of convergent evolution? A. Hyphae are necessary for locomotion in all of these groups. B. Body shape reflects ancestor-descendant relationships among organisms. C. Filamentous shape is an adaptation for a nutritional mode as a decomposer. D. Fungi are closely related to slime molds and water molds.
A
Why do chrysophytes have carotenoids and xanthophylls? A. They use them in photosynthesis. B. To blend in with their surroundings, which tend to be brownish-yellow. C. To stand out; the same reason that many plants have showy flowers. D. To attract mates.
A
Why would a public health worker who wanted to control trypanisomiasis contract an entomologist (a biologist who studies insects)? A. Because tsetse flies are intermediate hosts of trypanosomes. B. Because trypanosomiasis is spread by mosquitoes. C. Because trypanosomiasis is spread by fleas. D. Because trypanosomes are insects.
A
Within the Golgi apparatus, _______ are added to proteins in a process known as _______. A. carbohydrates/ glycolysation B. proteins/ proteolysis C. amino acids/ translation D. carbohydrates/ proteolysis
D
Wood-eating cockroaches, such as members of the genus Cryptocercus, have parabasalids living in their intestines. These parabaslids in turn have bacteria living on the surface of their cells that provide the enzymes needed to break down cellulose. The relationship between the bacteria and the cockroaches is _____________________. A. parasitism B. predation C. commensalism D. mutualism
C
You are a pathologist studying a sample of blood from a person who has returned from a trip to Africa. Their physician suspects that they have contracted malaria. In order to confirm that diagnosis, you would have to find protists with ________________ in the blood sample. A. a kinetoplast B. flagella C. an apical complex D. no mitochondria
C
You are conducting a survey of different types of photosynthetic protists in a marine environment. You expect to find members of the ____________ living in deeper environments than members of the other groups. A. Phaeophyta (Brown algae). B. Bacillariophyta (Diatoms). C. Rhodophyta (Red algae). D. Chlorophyta (Green algae).
C
You are examining cells from an unknown unicellular organism under the microscope. You note the cells have a membrane-bound nucleus, and further analysis shows that they use chlorophyll b for photosynthesis. Based upon this information alone, you conclude that they most likely are ___________ cells. A. plant (Plantae) B. red algae (Rhodophyta) C. green algae (Chlorophyta) D. brown algae (Phaeophyta)
C
You are observing a cell under a microscope. If you see ___________, it must be a eukaryotic cell. A. a cell wall B. ribosomes C. a nucleus D. a plasma membrane E. All of these are found in all types of cells
B
You are searching for a mutant cell that is defective in protein glycosylation. You would most likely find such a mutant by looking for cells with defective ___________. A. ribosomes B. Golgi apparatus C. endoplasmic reticulum D. nuclei
C
You are studying the effect of a mutation in vacuole formation in a Paramecium, a free living protist that lives in freshwater. This mutation greatly reduced the ability of the vacuole to function properly, so it takes much longer to empty. You place the paramecium in water that has very few dissolved solutes (it is almost as pure as distilled water). What do you hypthesize will happen to this Paramecium? A. It will not be able to take up enough water to live, so it will dehydrate and die. B. Nothing different. This mutation will not have an effect on its ability to live in very pure water. C. It will take in too much water and eventually burst and die. D. The vacuole has nothing to do with water balance in a Paramecium. It is only used to store food.
A
You are working as a parasitologist for the Centers for Disease Control. You are analyzing a sample from a person who has recently traveled in South America and was bitten by many insects. In the person's blood you find small unicellular organisms that contain a kinetoplast. To what kingdom do these organisms most likely belong? A. Euglenozoa B. Alveolata C. Apicomplexa D. Stramenopila E. Oomycota
D
You find a single-celled organism that has a membrane, DNA, and ribosomes and chlorophyll. What kind of organism is this? A. A plant B. An animal C. A prokaryote D. There is not enough information to answer this question
A
You have been given four test tubes and asked to identify the protist species in each tube. Use the following information in your identification: Chemical analysis of test tube 1 indicates the presence of a chemical that is toxic to fish and humans. Chemical analysis of test tube 2 indicates the presence of substantial amounts of silica. Microscopic analysis of organisms in test tubes 1 and 3 reveals the presence of permanent, membrane-bounded sacs just under the plasma membrane. Microscopic analysis of organisms in test tube 3 reveals the presence of an apical complex in each. Microscopic analysis of the contents in test tubes 2 and 4 reveals the presence of flagella with hair-like projections on each organism. Chemical analysis of test tube 4 indicates the presence of a chemical capable of decomposing plant tissue. When light is shone on the tubes, oxygen bubbles accumulate on the inside of test tubes 1 and 2. What is in test tube 1? A. dinoflagellate B. diatom C. apicomplex D. oomycete
diatom
You have been given four test tubes and asked to identify the protist species in each tube. Use the following information in your identification: Chemical analysis of test tube 1 indicates the presence of a chemical that is toxic to fish and humans. Chemical analysis of test tube 2 indicates the presence of substantial amounts of silica. Microscopic analysis of organisms in test tubes 1 and 3 reveals the presence of permanent, membrane-bounded sacs just under the plasma membrane. Microscopic analysis of organisms in test tube 3 reveals the presence of an apical complex in each. Microscopic analysis of the contents in test tubes 2 and 4 reveals the presence of flagella with hair-like projections on each organism. Chemical analysis of test tube 4 indicates the presence of a chemical capable of decomposing plant tissue. When light is shone on the tubes, oxygen bubbles accumulate on the inside of test tubes 1 and 2. What is in test tube 2? A. dinoflagellate B. diatom C. apicomplex D. oomycete
apicomplex
You have been given four test tubes and asked to identify the protist species in each tube. Use the following information in your identification: Chemical analysis of test tube 1 indicates the presence of a chemical that is toxic to fish and humans. Chemical analysis of test tube 2 indicates the presence of substantial amounts of silica. Microscopic analysis of organisms in test tubes 1 and 3 reveals the presence of permanent, membrane-bounded sacs just under the plasma membrane. Microscopic analysis of organisms in test tube 3 reveals the presence of an apical complex in each. Microscopic analysis of the contents in test tubes 2 and 4 reveals the presence of flagella with hair-like projections on each organism. Chemical analysis of test tube 4 indicates the presence of a chemical capable of decomposing plant tissue. When light is shone on the tubes, oxygen bubbles accumulate on the inside of test tubes 1 and 2. What is in test tube 3? A. dinoflagellate B. diatom C. apicomplex D. oomycete
D
You have been given four test tubes and asked to identify the protist species in each tube. Use the following information in your identification: Chemical analysis of test tube 1 indicates the presence of a chemical that is toxic to fish and humans. Chemical analysis of test tube 2 indicates the presence of substantial amounts of silica. Microscopic analysis of organisms in test tubes 1 and 3 reveals the presence of permanent, membrane-bounded sacs just under the plasma membrane. Microscopic analysis of organisms in test tube 3 reveals the presence of an apical complex in each. Microscopic analysis of the contents in test tubes 2 and 4 reveals the presence of flagella with hair-like projections on each organism. Chemical analysis of test tube 4 indicates the presence of a chemical capable of decomposing plant tissue. When light is shone on the tubes, oxygen bubbles accumulate on the inside of test tubes 1 and 2. What is in test tube 4? A. dinoflagellate B. diatom C. apicomplex D. oomycete
A
You look at a cell under the microscope and notice that it has a membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. It ___________________. A. is likely a eukaryote B. might be a eukaryote, but you would have to see if a mitochondrion was present to be sure C. could be a very unusual prokaryote D. is likely a prokaryote
D
You took a sample of water from a stream that you crossed while hiking in the Rocky Mountains. When you returned to Penn State, you took the sample to a professor who works on protists to find out what was living in the water. When the professor stains the cells and examines them under a microscope, the most common protist has two nuclei and no functional mitochondria in its cells. Instead of functional mitochondria it has mitosomes. It is a good thing that you did not drink this water, because this protist is a parasitic: A. oomycete B. kinetoplastid C. apicomplexan D. diplomonad
