Western Civil. History Finals

The American president who made the decision to bomb North Vietnam and who significantly increased the number of American troops in the Second Vietnam War was

Lyndon Johnson.

The belief that Communist aggression fed off of economic turmoil was instrumental in the formulation of

The marshall plan

Existentialism stressed

The need for people to create their own values and give their lives meaning

The most important consequence of the first year of World War I was

a deadly stalemate on the western front as a result of the failure of German war plans.

Artistic and intellectual trends in the interwar years reflected

a disillusionment with Western Civilization provoked by the horrors of the World War I.

Great Britain under Margaret Thatcher experienced

a large military buildup and hard-line approach against communism

Among the social policies of the Stalinist era in the Soviet Union was all of the following EXCEPT

a marked decline in higher education.

The idea of Lebensraum maintained that

a nation's power depended on the amount and kind of land it occupied.

A dramatic social development affecting the status and expectations of women in Western Europe since the 1960s has been

a persistent decline in birth rates across Europe, with Spain's becoming the lowest in the world.

Following Germany's failure to pay its war reparations, France occupied Germany's Ruhr valley, resulting in

a policy of passive resistance by the German government and German resort to printing money to pay war debts.

The Pan-German League advocated

anti-liberal policies including the development of a global German colonial empire to unite all classes of citizens at home.

For Woodrow Wilson, the most important thing after the war was to

assure acceptance of his Fourteen Points.

The turning point of the North African campaign came

at El Alamein where the British stopped Rommel in the summer of 1942.

On the eve of the outbreak of war in Europe in 1914, William II of Germany

attempted to engage Nicholas II in a diplomatic dialogue to possibly avoid war.

Because of inflation, people experienced a loss of purchasing in all of the following countries EXCEPT

britian

At the end of World War I, the Austro-Hungarian Empire

broke apart into independent nation-states.

Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal policies in the United States

brought about a partial economic recovery, but full employment did not return until World War II's rearmament.

Following World War II, Germany was

divided into four zones of occupation under U.S., British, French, and Russian administration.

The doctrine that eased Cold War tensions in the 1970s is known as

détente

In Freud's theory of psychoanalysis, the seat of reason is the

ego

Pope Leo XIII responded to modern ideas in all of the following ways EXCEPT

embracing Marxist socialism.

Which of the following Progressive-era laws went into effect during Woodrow Wilson's tenure as president in the United States?

graduated federal income tax.

The Dawes Plan

granted a $200 million loan for German recovery.

The leader of Czechoslovakia in 1990 who replaced the Communist government was the former dissident writer and philosopher

havel

Under perestroika, Mikhail Gorbachev

intended to restructure the economic and political systems

In order to open up a "second front" in Western Europe, the Allies

invaded Normandy in June 1944, carrying out the greatest naval invasion in history.

Friedrich Nietzsche glorified

irrationality

One socioeconomic group that clearly benefited from World War I was

large industrialists, especially owners of factories making weapons and munitions.

Women in Mussolini's Fascist Italy were

largely forced through government legislation to become homemakers.

In Foundations of the Nineteenth Century (1899), Houston Stewart Chamberlain predicted that Germany was destined to

lead the Aryan race to the conquest of Europe.

Internal opposition to the war in European nations came largely from

liberals and socialists appalled by the scale of human slaughter.

The development of trench warfare in France was characterized by

long periods of boredom broken by artillery barrages and frontal assaults by enemy troops.

The Nazis proved to be effective in the realm of politics by

making the Nazi program appeal to every segment of German society.

During the 1960s the recreational drug of choice for most college and university students was

marijuana

The Cold War policy adopted in the mid-1950s by the Eisenhower administration was

massive retaliation.

By 1950 Western Europe saw the political comeback of

moderate political parties.

"Strength through Joy"

monitored and homogenized the leisure time of the German workers.

The policies of Ronald Reagan

more than doubled the national debt.

Among nineteenth-century European political movements, the one most responsible for triggering World War I was

nationalism

Bosnians, Croatians, and Serbs met in Dayton, Ohio, in 1995 and

negotiated an end to the war in Bosnia.

According to relativity theory

neither time nor space is absolute but relative to the observer

Lenin's "April Theses"

outlined a specifically Russian movement toward socialism without first going through a bourgeois revolution

After his election to the presidency in 1968, Richard Nixon pursued a "southern strategy" by creating policies designed to appeal to

southern whites

At the conference at Yalta in 1945, Roosevelt called for postwar policy to be guided by

spheres of influence.

The economic problems of the United States in the 1970s have been labeled

stagflation

Protestant fundamentalism generally includes all of the following EXCEPT

support of secularism.

In 1949, Chiang Kai-shek transferred the Chinese Nationalist government from the mainland to

taiwan

The first professional occupation to be opened up to women was

teaching

Challenges facing the European Union in the early twenty-first century include

that many Europeans remain committed to a national identity and do not see themselves as "Europeans."

The basis of the Bismarckian System was

the isolation of France through a series of military alliances.

The collapse of Russia's tsarist regime in March 1917 was aided by all of the following except

the leadership of the Mensheviks in forming the new Provisional Government.

All of the following are indications of Turkey's adoption of Western culture after World War I EXCEPT

the mandate that all Turkish citizens embrace Christianity.

An American-supported invasion of the Bay of Pigs in 1961 had as its mission

the overthrow of Fidel Castro in Cuba.

All of the following statements regarding women in the post-war era are correct EXCEPT

working women received equal pay with men by the 1960s.

The best example of Naturalism in literature can be found in the novels of

Émile Zola.

Because of the success of Russia's new free-market society, introduced after the collapse of the Soviet Union, by the early twenty-first century, less than five percent of the Russian people were still living in poverty.

False

The leader who remarked, "In questions of honor and vital interests, you don't consult others" was

Emperor William II of Germany.

The economic policies of Stalin

Emphasized the development of heavy industry and the production of modern weapons and space vehicles

Adolf Hitler lived in Vienna from 1908 to 1913 after his acceptance to the Vienna Academy of Fine Arts.

False

After 1929, Stalin adopted the policy of world revolution, thus reversing Lenin and Trotsky's aim of establishing "socialism in one country."

False

Author Milan Kundera's The Unbearable Lightness of Beingemphasizes the despair caused by political repression as capable of crushing the human spirit.

False

Because of fear of the ferocity of the SS and other Nazi groups, there was almost no resistance to German rule in World War II, either in the conquered countries or in Germany itself.

False

Because of sexual discrimination and traditional conservative attitudes, women played little role in World War I.

False

Cecil Rhodes was the great champion of British imperialism in Asia.

False

Great Britain, Ireland, and Denmark remained separate from the European Community throughout the 1970s.

False

Herbert Spencer was the chief propagandist for German volkish thought at the turn of the twentieth century.

False

In World War I, the participating states gave industrialists and businessmen greater freedom and independence from government regulations under the assumption that laissez-faire capitalism would be more efficient and productive in achieving the hoped-for victory.

False

In the Balkans crisis of the summer of 1914, the "blank check" refers to Germany's promise to support the Serbians against Russian aggression.

False

Marie and Pierre Curie formulated the relativity theory.

False

Most Europeans went to war in 1914 with considerable concern, fear, and trepidation.

False

Mussolini came to power and made Italy the first Fascist nation in 1922 as the result of a violent civil war that drove King Victor Emmanuel III into exile.

False

On the eastern front, the turning point in World War II was the Battle of Kursk.

False

Sixty-three nations pledged "to renounce war as an instrument of national policy" in the Treaty of Locarno in 1925.

False

The Anti-Comintern Pact of 1936 included the Soviet Union, Germany, and Italy.

False

The Hungarian revolt in 1956 resulted in political reforms and independence under the leadership of János Kádár.

False

The Lisbon Treaty, ratified in 2009 by the EU, dramatically reduced the power of the European Parliament.

False

The Reagan Revolution extended welfare benefits to the poor and balanced the federal budget.

False

The United States entered World War I in 1917 on the side of Britain and France after a German expeditionary force occupied several neutral islands in the Caribbean.

False

The partition of the Indian subcontinent into the states of India and Pakistan in 1947 was accomplished with almost no violence or bloodshed.

False

The postwar emergence of the British welfare state included a variety of social welfare policies, but the Labour Party was unable to create a program of socialized medicine.

False

The reunification of Germany after the fall of the Berlin Wall led to the immediate emergence of considerable prosperity in the former Eastern Germany.

False

Unlike America's Ronald Reagan, Britain's Margaret Thatcher had little interest in foreign policy or international affairs.

False

​The Battle of Gallipoli marked the demise of the Ottoman Empire in World War I.

False

​The Congress of Berlin granted home rule to Ireland.

False

Immediately following the fall of Poland

France and Britain declared war, but remained relatively inactive militarily.

The author whose work emphasizes suffering and faith as the means for the human soul to be purified was

Fyodor Dostoevsky.

The Middle Eastern political leader who promoted Pan-Arabism and who advocated a sharing of Middle Eastern oil wealth equally among the Arab states was

Gamal Abdul Nasser.

In 1914, the Ottoman Empire joined the war on the side of

Germany

In 1905, who published "The Electro-Dynamics of Moving Bodies"?

Einstein

Camille Pissarro was one of the founders of

Impressionism

The first opportunity for testing the new relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union in the post-Cold War era was the

Persian Gulf War.

Postmodernism in art could include all of the following EXCEPT

Photorealism.

The Boer War was fought by the British in

South Africa

In 1936 Great Britain, France, Germany, Italy, and the Soviet Union signed a Nonintervention Agreement that declared they would not get involved in the civil war that had erupted in

Spain.

A key factor contributing to the development of the Cold War in Eastern Europe was

Stalin's desire to establish pro-Soviet governments in the countries of Eastern Europe to serve as a buffer zone against possible western attacks on the Soviet Union.

During the 1920s, Germany's Weimar Republic

Suffered from uprisings by both left and right

The Indonesian president who was suspicious of the West, sought economic aid from China and the Soviet Union, and relied at home on a native communist party was

Sukarno.

Which revolutionary leader helped overthrow the Manchu dynasty of China in 1912?

Sun Yat-sen.

Which of the following art movements was NOT prominent in the three decades prior to World War I?

Surrealism

​Betty Friedan founded the National Organization for Women (NOW).

true

Hitler took Poland in 1939

using Blitzkrieg or "lightning war" tactics and with active support from Joseph Stalin.

In 1965, President Charles de Gaulle of France called the United States "the greatest danger in the world today to peace" because of U.S. policy in

vietnam

The ethnic group that suffered a million dead as victims of genocide during World War I were the

Armenians.

The first area of conflict in the unfolding of the Cold War was

Eastern Europe.

Poison gas was introduced in

1915

Television did not become readily available until

1940s

Despite World War II's devastating impact on the countries, cities, peoples, and cultures of Europe, Europe's industrial and agricultural output was 30 percent higher than prewar levels by

1950

The Soviet launch of Sputnik occurred in

1957

The collapse of the Soviet Union took place in

1991

The new republic of Kosovo was established in

2008

Apple's iPad was introduced in

2010

Evidence that the Russians struggled to mobilize for total war can be found in the fact that they conscripted millions of men but could only arm

25 percent of them

The total monetary cost of World War II has been estimated at

4 trillion

During the worst year of the depression, 1932, German unemployment stood at

45 percent of the workforce.

How many men died during the ten-month Battle of Verdun?

700,000

What percentage of the Jewish population of Poland, the Baltic countries, and Germany were exterminated in death camps?

90

The 1918 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk between Russia and Germany resulted in Russia's loss of

ALl are correct

The American artist Jackson Pollock was most noted for

Abstract Expressionist paintings.

The British mathematician who designed a computer that assisted in breaking the secret German codes during World War II was

Alan Turing.

The founding members of NATO included all of the following EXCEPT

Albania

Although France granted full independence to Morocco and Tunisia in 1956, it attempted to retain its dominion in

Algeria

In his Life of Jesus, Ernst Renan

All are correct

Integral to Germany's plans for blitzkrieg was

All are correct

Which of the following powers seized German-held territories in the Pacific?

All are correct

The pioneer in nursing who founded the Female Association of the Care of the Poor and Sick was

Amalie Sieveking.

Following World War II, India

Became two new countries, one Hindu and one Muslim

American motion pictures in the postwar years have

Been the primary vehicle for the diffusion of American popular culture throughout the world

After World War I, Italy

Believed it had been cheated of its just rewards by the other victors.

The artist whose work garnered the highest price at the first Impressionist auction was

Berthe Morisot.

The author of The Feminine Mystique who was also a founder of the National Organization of Women was

Betty Friedan.

British Prime Minister Tony Blair's centrist policies were most reminiscent of

Bill Clinton's.

The politician who called terrorism "the enemy of our generation" was

Bill Clinton.

The terrorist group who murdered Israeli athletes at the 1972 Olympic Games was the

Black September.

The song "The Times They Are A-Changin'" was written by

Bob Dylan.

The Nationalist leader of China in the 1930s was

Chiang Kai-shek.

By the mid-1960s, the primary concern of the United States was

China

British Prime Minister David Cameron is a member of the

Conservative Party

At the Conference at Tehran in 1943, the Allies

Decided on an American-British invasion of the continent

The event which exemplified renewed anti-Semitism in France in the late nineteenth century was the

Dreyfus affair.

Small Is Beautiful was written by

E.F. Schumacher.

The Triple Alliance before 1914 included which of the following countries?

Germany, Austria, Italy

An important figure in the development of an early computer and the inventor of the computer language COBOL was

Grace Hopper

Which pair of nations had not practiced conscription prior to World War I?

Great Britain and the United States.

Besides the Jews, another group singled out by the Nazis for extermination were the

Gypsies.

The reunification of Germany was accomplished under the leadership of

Helmut Kohl.

At the Battle of Stalingrad

Hitler realized that he could not defeat the Soviet Union.

The film Triumph of the Will, which serves as an example of the propaganda potential of film, is a product of

Hitler's Germany.

In order to implement the Liberal Party's social reform program, David Lloyd George radically curtailed the power of the

House of lords

An example of nationalist terrorism is the

IRA in Northern Ireland.

The Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 concluded with

Improved communications between the U.S. And the Soviet Union to prevent nuclear war

Which one of the following did NOT occur after Hitler's unilateral 1935 announcement of German rearmament?

Italy praised Germany and counseled more such behavior in the future.

Which of the following artists was a Neo-Expressionist?

Jean-Michael Basquiat

The author of Facing Mount Kenya, which argued that British rule was responsible for the destruction of the traditional culture of the peoples of black Africa, was

Jomo Kenyatta.

The Ohio National Guard killed four student protesters in 1970 at

Kent State University

Following the Bolshevik seizure of power in November 1917

Lenin ratified the redistribution of land which had already been seized by peasants.

The first independence movements among the Soviet republics during Gorbachev's rule occurred in the Baltic area of

Lithuania.

Inquiry into the disintegrative processes within atoms became a central theme in the new physics in part due to the experimental work of

Marie and Pierre Curie on radium and radiation.

The European writer who used fantasy to examine moral issues and who remained confident about the human condition was

Milan Kundera.

In the Nazi New Order, the Germans established civil administrations in which of the following states?

Norway.

The most famous and spectacular of the Nazi mass demonstrations were held in the city of

Nuremberg

What were the long-range and immediate causes of World War I?

One of the immediate causes of the war was back in 1914 when Franz Ferdinand and his wife were assassinated by the Serbian black terroist in Sarajevo. But, the Austrians were up upset about that and in response they decided to send an ultimatum to Serbia and claimed that it wasn't accepted fully. The Austrians also turned down Serbians the coastline in an effort to clip their wings and soon to declare war on them. The main long term cause of World War I is the arms race that occurred in Europe. Also, another major long term cause of the WWI is the formation of rivalry alliances in Europe. Kaiser then realized if he had to succeed in taking over other European countries then he had to form an alliance and that ended up leading to the rise of the triple alliance that ended up being comprised of Germany and Italy and also austro-hungary. Nationalism is another major long term cause of WWI also.

The one issue on which the Arab states were united was

Palestine.

Hitler's first act of aggression took place in 1936 when the Germans occupied

Rhineland

The American president who journeyed to the People's Republic of China in 1972 was

Richard Nixon.

The brutal dictatorial Communist government of Nicolae Ceausescu came to an end 1989 in

Romania.

In general, by the late nineteenth century, the worst treatment of the Jews occurred in

Russia

The most famous of the Surrealistic painters was

Salvador Dali

The new state of Yugoslavia had as its nucleus

Serbia

The rivalry between Russia and Austria-Hungary for domination of the new states in southeastern Europe played out largely through a conflict involving

Serbia

The tactic of "ethnic cleansing," murdering or forcibly removing ethnic minorities from their lands in the former Yugoslavia, is a savage strategy of modern political terror practiced most brutally by

Serbians

The primary antagonists in the Balkans region were

Serbs and Austrians.

After the construction of the Berlin Wall, East Germany developed the strongest economy among the Soviet Union's Eastern European satellites.

True

As general secretary of the Communist Party, Mikhail Gorbachev abolished Article 6 of the Soviet Constitution, which had guaranteed the "leading role" to the Communist Party.

True

Austria-Hungary, Italy, and Russia had much less success than Britain, France, and Germany in mobilizing their societies for total war.

True

Functionalism refers to the belief that art had a social function and could help create a new civilization.

True

Hitler's unilateral repudiation of the disarmament clauses of the Versailles Treaty in 1935 resulted in verbal condemnation but no concrete responses from either Britain or France.

True

In 1946, former British prime minister Winston Churchill declared that "an iron curtain" had "descended across the continent" of Europe.

True

In 2013 Pope Francis became the first pope from Latin America.

True

In Asia, the turning point in World War II was the Battle of Midway.

True

Japan's attack on Manchuria resulted in condemnation by the League of Nations and Japan's withdrawal from the League.

True

The Cold War spread from Europe with the establishment of a Communist regime in China in 1949.

True

The immediate impact of World War I in Asia was the dismantling of Germany's overseas possessions and their domination by other powers in the Pacific.

True

The work of Jacques Derrida demonstrated the dependence of Western culture on binary opposition, noting that the privileged depends on the inferior.

True

Which one of the following did NOT characterize the weakness of the League of Nations?

U.S. determination to be more involved in European affairs.

James Joyce's famous novel featuring "stream-of-consciousness" was

Ulysses

Which of the following is NOT true of the video game industry?

Video games have rejected realism, using abstract images to convey action.

The city in which Hitler spent his formative years and developed his fundamental ideas was

Vienna

The Communist military response to the formation of NATO was the

Warsaw Pact.

The West German chancellor whose policy of Ostpolitik improved relations with East Germany was

Willy Brandt.

Who became the new prime minister of Great Britain in May 1940?

Winston Churchill

The Warsaw Pact included all of the following nations EXCEPT

Yugoslavia.

By the 1980s Soviet problems included all of the following EXCEPT

a collapse of the space exploration program.

A transnational corporation is defined as

a company that has divisions in more than two countries.

The Schlieffen Plan was designed to prevent

a prolonged two-front war.

After the fall of the Soviet Union, Russia struggled with all of the following EXCEPT:

a renewed Communist Party majority which took over the government.

Theodor Herzl, the leader of the Zionist movement,

advocated the creation of a Jewish state in Palestine.

Khrushchev's unpopularity with the Communist Party reached its apex

after his rash plan to place missiles in Cuba.

Truman and his Western European allies responded to Stalin's blockade of Berlin in 1948 by

airlifting supplies into Berlin.

The Bolshevik takeover in November 1917 could best be described as

an armed takeover of the capital.

The Dada movement in art was known for all of the following EXCEPT

an effort to put a clear sense of purpose and ambition back into art and life.

All of the following are associated with the first presidency of Barack Obama EXCEPT

an escalation of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.

Chief among the reasons for Japanese expansion in the 1930s were

an expanding population and severe lack of natural resources on the island nation.

Efforts to maintain European peace following World War I included

an inherently weak system of alliances between France and the Little Entente.

At its premier, Igor Stravinsky's Rite of Spring, now considered as a classic example of modernism in music and ballet,

caused a riot by the audience because of its sharp dissonance and blatant sensuality.

The policy created in 1947 and used by the Americans against Communism was called

containment

Allied bombing raids on German civilians

contrary to expectations, produced stubborn resistance from the German people

As soldiers on both sides realized that no one could gain an advantage in trench warfare

daily life for the soldier became increasingly squalid and miserable in rat-infested trenches.

In 1956 in Poland, Wladyslaw Gomulka

declared his nation's right to follow its own socialist path.

In the aftermath of World War I, birthrates in Europe

declined noticeably as a result of the death and maiming of a generation of young men.

The "permissive society" is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT

declining rates of divorce.

After the attack on Pearl Harbor, the main priority for the United States was

defeating Germany first and then turning its great naval war machine against Japan.

Playboy magazine

encouraged men to find sexual satisfaction outside their marriages.

The "blank check" had the effect of

encouraging Austria to attack Serbia.

The common currency that was initially adopted by eleven member states of the European Union is the

euro

Author Milan Kundera's The Unbearable Lightness of Being emphasizes the despair caused by political repression as capable of crushing the human spirit.

false

Mikhail Gorbachev became the head of the Soviet state immediately following the retirement of Nikita Khrushchev in 1964.

false

The Berlin Air Lift was initiated by the Soviet Union to provide provisions to East Berlin after a blockade by the United States, Great Britain, and France.

false

The United States is home to 6 percent of the planet's people but consumes 50 percent of its resources.

false

​The American president Jimmy Carter proposed the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), nicknamed "Star Wars."

false

Britain's Fabian Socialists

favored evolution toward a socialist state by democratic means.

The Grand Alliance was cemented by the agreement of the Allies to

fight until the Axis powers surrendered unconditionally.

One of the underlying causes for the end of the Cold War was

financial difficulties for both the superpowers and the unbearable expenses of the arms race.

The Treaty of Versailles

forced Germany to acknowledge "war guilt" and to pay reparations for its alleged wartime aggression.

The Common Market was

founded for economic reasons, including to promote free trade among member nations.

The chief argument between Truman and Stalin at Potsdam in July of 1945 was over

free elections in eastern Europe.

The women workers of World War I played an important role in

gaining women the right to vote immediately following the war.

The first Popular Front government in France

gave ordinary workers new rights and benefits including a minimum wage.

Joseph Stalin's emergence as leader of the Communist party was aided by

his position as general secretary of the Bolshevik party.

All of the following led to decline in George W. Bush's popularity by his second term as president EXCEPT

his strong support for environmental programs that were opposed by major business interests.

The totalitarian regimes of Germany, Italy, and the Soviet Union

hoped to control every aspect of their citizens' lives.

Using Darwin's terminology, Herbert Spencer argued that

human societies were organisms evolving through time by struggling with their environments.

Walter Gropius was best known for his

ideas of functionalism in architecture.

It can be argued that this key decision early in the war by Adolf Hitler made the defeat of Germany inevitable:

immediately declaring war on the United States after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.

The greatest difference between Naturalism and Realism in literature was

in general, naturalism was more pessimistic than realism.

Lenin's New Economic Policy was designed to

increase the production of food and consumer goods.

Culture in Nazi Germany centered around

petty-bourgeois art, with sentimental and realistic scenes glorifying strong, heroic Aryans.

Marie Curie won two Nobel prizes for her achievements in

physics and chemistry.

The Symbolists were primarily associated with which of the following types of writing?

poetry

As public morale and support for the war ebbed

police powers were expanded to include the arrest of all dissenters as traitors to the state.

The major issue that troubled Italian society in recent decades has been

political corruption.

British rule brought all of the following to India in the late nineteenth century EXCEPT

political democracy.

The growth of Mussolini's Fascist movement was aided by

popular, nationalistic resentment toward Italy's treatment following World War I.

The physicist Walter Heisenberg was most noted for

proposing that uncertainty was at the bottom of all physical laws.

The Lateran Accords of 1929

recognized Catholicism as the sole religion of Italy.

In Freud's theory of psychoanalysis, the process that drives unwanted thoughts into the unconscious is known as

repression

Massive rioting in the suburbs of Paris in 2005 was caused by

resentment of some young Muslims about unemployment and living conditions.

The Meiji Restoration in Japan

sent many Japanese abroad to be educated in the ways of the west and adopted many western reforms in political and military organization.

A major trend in music since World War II, as best expressed in the works of Olivier Messiaen, has been

serialism.

Maria Montessori exemplifies the "new woman" of modern times in that

she obtained a professional degree and applied her expertise to new fields of inquiry like early childhood development.

The Vietnam War

showed the limitations of American power, leading to improved Soviet-American relations.

Student protests in Europe backfired to an extent as

some people detested what they saw as the lawlessness of the privileged.

The horrors of two world wars, the Cold War, and attendant socio-cultural upheavals have also stimulated a late twentieth-century religious revival exemplified in the works of Karl Barth, who has argued

that the sinful and imperfect nature of humans means that they can know religious truth not through reason but only through the grace of God.

The tank was introduced by to the battlefields of World War I by

the British

Germany entered the ranks of the imperialist powers by establishing African colonies including

the Cameroons.

The party that won nearly 50 percent of the vote in East Germany's 1990 election was

the Christian Democrats.

In the late 1970s, punk rock music was exemplified by

the Sex Pistols.

Hitler settled on acquiring German Lebensraum in the east in Russian territory in part because of his racist belief that

the Slavs were an "inferior" people now governed by impotent Jews among the Bolsheviks and worthy of enslavement.

At the close of World War II, the European tradition of power politics was inherited by

the Soviet Union and the United States.

The only country to use women as combatants in World War II was

the Soviet Union.

Under the Brezhnev Doctrine

the Soviets declared the right of intervention if a socialist state were threatened.

Following World War II, the country that dominated the art world was

the United States

All of the following are correct about the Bill Clinton presidency EXCEPT

the adoption of a costly national health system.

The immediate cause of World War I was

the assassination of Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand in Sarajevo.

"al-Qaeda" means

the base

All of the following is characteristic of the United States in the 1950s EXCEPT

the collapse of labor unions.

As early as July 28, 1914, European diplomats were becoming incapable of slowing a rush toward war mainly because

the complex, rigid, and demanding mobilization plans devised by European army generals made immediate military action essential.

It could be claimed that all of the following contributed to Islamic terrorist activity against the West EXCEPT

the defeat of Muslim Pakistan by India in Kashmir.

A continuing problem roiling Canadian politics for the past several decades has been

the demand by many French-speaking Canadians that the province of Quebec become independent of the rest of Canada.

The underlying motive that led Great Britain to declare war on Germany was

the desire to maintain world power.

The origins of the Vietnam War, in part, lie in the process of decolonization because

the division of Vietnam into antagonistic northern and southern states occurred after Vietnamese military forces had defeated the French, former governors of the region.

The Second Battle of the Marne was

the end of Germany's final, futile effort to win the war

Modernism in music included all of the following elements EXCEPT

the exclusive use of extremely regular rhythms.

Hitler's "Final Solution" to the Jewish problem called for

the extermination of all European Jews.

Among the factors that led to World War II was

the failure of efforts of collective security such as the League of Nations and treaties.

All of the following are correct about the European nations and their colonial empires during the interwar years EXCEPT

the political and social foundations and the self-confidence of European imperialism was strengthened during the 1920s and 1930s.

When Germany went to war in 1939

the populace was apathetic, and many feared that it would spell disaster for Germany.

Growing tensions in modern German society were exemplified by

the proliferation of ultra-nationalist right-wing political groups with anti-Semitic, racist, and imperialist beliefs.

Under the U.S. presidency of Jimmy Carter, a major goal of American foreign policy was

the protection of human rights globally.

A major cause of the Great Depression in Europe was

the recall of American loans from European markets.

Between April and June of 1940, Nazi Germany successfully invaded all of the following countries EXCEPT

the soviet union

All of the following concepts were central to the psychological theories of Carl Jung EXCEPT

the uncertainty principle.

The Truman Doctrine was a consequence of Truman's alarm over

the weakness of the British in the eastern Mediterranean.

Herbert Marcuse's One-Dimensional Man

theorized that unindoctrinated students could liberate the masses from their elite oppressors.

Wars like the ones in Vietnam and Afghanistan demonstrated that

there would be wars that the superpowers could not win against a strong nationalist and guerrilla-type opposition.

President Truman and his advisers chose to use the atomic bombs against Japan because

they became convinced that American troops would suffer heavy casualties in an invasion of Japan.

Hitler brought Germany out of the Great Depression

through rearmament and public works.

Which of the following was NOT an argument to justify imperialism at the turn of the century?

to lessen the burden of excess European population, especially criminals and other "undesirables"

To advance the cause of women's suffrage, the Women's Social and Political Union founded by Emmeline Pankhurst and her daughters

took a radical, public, and well publicized approach to the movement, employing different media and provocative public actions, like pelting male politicians with eggs.

A leading voice in the postwar women's liberation movement was Simone de Beauvoir, author of The Second Sex.

true

After the failure of his Beer Hall Putsch of 1923, Hitler made the decision to establish a political party that could compete in Germany's democratic election process.

true

By the early twentieth century, British liberalism had abandoned laissez-fairein favor of governmental activism and social reform.

true

Eastern Europe was the first area of disagreement between the United States and the Soviet Union after the end of World War II.

true

German territorial losses in the Treaty of Versailles included Alsace and Lorraine and sections of Prussia.

true

Post-Impressionist painters such as Cezanne and van Gogh differed from the Impressionists in shifting from an objective reality to a subjective reality, thus abandoning the artist's traditional task of portraying the external world.

true

The German High Command supported Lenin in his attempts to sow chaos in Russia in early 1917.

true

The country that exemplified the European debt crisis with a national debt in 2010 larger than its national economy was Greece.

true

The philosophical doctrine of existentialism, with its emphasis on God as a fiction, no preordained human destiny, and the human creation of all values

was best expressed in the works of the French writers Albert Camus and Jean-Paul Sartre.

During 1914, in contrast to events in Western Europe, the war in the east

was marked by mobility.

The Solidarity movement in Poland

was outlawed in 1981 and its leaders arrested.

During the nineteenth century, Jews

were emancipated in most countries, but still faced restrictions

The social structure of the postwar European society has been greatly affected by a dramatic increase in the number of

white-collar management and administrative personnel.

The collectivization of agriculture under Stalin was characterized by

widespread famine.

Economically, World War I

witnessed European governments gradually take full control of all aspects of their economies

As a result of World War I, Eastern Europe

witnessed the emergence of many new nation-states.

In her path-breaking text The Second Sex, the influential French feminist author Simone de Beauvoir argued that

women were always and wrongly defined by their differences from men and consequently seen as second-class beings.