western renaissance final
Cindy Sherman addressed the way that much Western art presents female beauty for the ____.
"male gaze"
Who created Knight, Death, and the Devil?
Albrecht Dürer
In Masaccio's Trinity the vanishing point can be found at which of the following?
At the foot of the cross
In Leonardo's Last Supper, how did the artist break with traditional iconography?
By the placement of Judas on the same side as Christ and the other disciples
The first known northern European self-portrait by a woman is purportedly by which of the following?
Caterina van Hemessen
In Leonardo's Last Supper, the numerous preparatory sketches and studies he made for the work indicate how carefully he thought about this work as a complete entity representing the entire story and its theme. Based on this which of the following would describe Leonardo's conceptualization of the figures from his Last Supper?
Each figure was individualized.
The 15th-century Italian artist whose work showed the most influence of the International style was ____.
Gentile da Fabriano
Which of the following artists was the winner of the famous competition for the bronze doors of the Florence baptistery?
Ghiberti
In Masaccio's Trinity he embodies two principal Renaissance interests. One is realism based on observation. Which of the following is the other?
It is the application of the new science of perspective.
The artist whose work best spoke for the French Revolution was which of the following?
Jacques-Louis David
The philosopher ____ believed that the human capacity for feeling, sensibility, and emotions came before reason.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
The aim of much Italian Baroque art was to restore the predominance of ____.
Roman Catholicism
Which of the following accounts for the decline in the role Florence played in the support of the arts at the end of the 15th century?
Savonarola's brief span of power
Why did Judith Leyster appear as elegantly attired, rather than in an artist's smock as Rembrandt did, in her own Self-Portrait?
She wanted to indicate her social prominence.
The Sistine ceiling represents which of the following themes?
The chronology of Christianity
Ghiberti's competitive panel for the baptistery doors of the Florence Cathedral shows classical references that reflect influences of humanism. Which of the following is a classical reference seen on Ghiberti's panel?
The naked figure of Isaac
In Leonardo's Last Supper, the curved pediment above the head of Christ represents which of the following?
a halo
Which of the following artists created large-scale, kinetic sculptures?
alexander calder
Although tied to International Gothic style conventions, among the naturalistic details found in the Adoration of the Magi are ____.
animals seen from a variety of angles and convincing foreshortening
Bruegel's Netherlandish Proverbs is reminiscent of the topsy-turvy scenes by ____.
bosch
In Dürer's Melencolia I, the ____ is an optimistic note suggesting that the artist can overcome depression.
burst of light on the horizon
Art historians believe that Vermeer used tools, such as the ____, to aid in his virtuoso depiction of light.
camera obscura
José de Ribera influenced the style of ____ to Spain.
caravaggio
Which of the following artists is best known for his large-scale portraits?
chuck close
Rembrandt deviated from typical group portraits in the Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp by portraying members of the guild ____.
clustered to one side
Post-painterly Abstractionists differed from Abstract Expressionists in their ____.
cool, detached rationality
The Roman Catholic response to the Reformation was formulated at which of the following?`
council of trent
José de Ribera's brutal themes, such as the Martyrdom of Saint Philip, appealed to the Spanish taste for ____.
courage and devotion
The leading figure of the Realist movement was ____.
courbet
Jacques Louis David painted the ____ to provide inspiration and encouragement to revolutionary forces.
death of marat
The French viewing public were greatly horrified by Manet's Olympia because of her ____.
defiant look
When did the center of the Western art world shift from Europe to the United States?
during the 1950s
Which phrase best expresses the sculptural style of Boccioni?
dynamic movement
A major force of political, social, and economic change in the 18th century was the ____.
enlightenment
Antoine Watteau's depiction of the amusements and entertainments of the upper classes is called a ____.
fete galante
In Money-Changer and His Wife by Quentin Massys, the artist warns that ____ are a distraction from religious life.
financial transactions
Matisse deviated from traditional representations of domestic interiors by ____ and simplifying them.
flattening forms
Which Italian city played the most important role in the development of Renaissance ideas and art forms in the early 15th century?
florence
In the ____, a band of Calvinists destroyed art works in Catholic churches in the Netherlands.
great iconoclasm
Color field painting emphasized painting's basic properties. Color field painters poured diluted paint onto unprimed canvas. Which of the following artists was a color field painter?
helen frankenthaler
The dominant figure of the Fauves, ____, believed that color should play a role in conveying meaning.
henri matisse
Elizabeth Murray is one of the artists who has experimented with ____.
highly irregular format for paintings
The Protestant concern about the role of religious imagery was in many cases outright hostile. Martin Luther spoke about destroying images. This destruction of religious imagery also occurred during the Byzantine period. Which of the following defines this act?
iconoclasm
Surrealist artists used Dada's ____ to engage elements of fantasy and activate unconscious forces.
improvisational techniques
Nanni di Banco achieved a unified spatial composition by placing the figures ____ and in relation to one another.
in a semicircle
Bernini's statue of David differed from his predecessors by showing David ____.
in the moment of combat
In the 16th century, Spain supported which of the following?
interests of the catholic church
Rembrandt's mature works, such as the Return of the Prodigal Son, differ from the religious art of Italy and Flanders in their ______________.
inward turning contemplation
The terms gestural abstraction and action painting are most appropriately applied to the work of ____.
jackson pollock
Cassatt's style of work owes much to which of the following?
japanese prints
Impressionist artists, including Degas, greatly admired the spatial organization and flat, unmodeled color areas of ____.
japanese wood block prints
Impressionist artists, including Degas, greatly admired the spatial organization and flat, unmodeled color areas of ____.
japanese woodblock prints
Jacob van Ruisdael specialized in which of the following genres?
landscapes
The influence of ____ is evident in Rubens's heroic figures and foreshortened anatomy in his Elevation of the Cross.
michelangelo
The earth art of Christo and Jean-Claude did not alter the land, but rather ____.
modified it with cloth
____ developed the theory of Neoplasticism.
mondrian
Caravaggio's Calling of Saint Matthew is representative of his mature work in which he injects ____ into the depictions of sacred subjects.
naturalism
In Dürer's print of the Fall of Man, the idealization of Adam and Eve is tempered by the ____ of the background.
naturalism
In the ____ style of Surrealism, artists presented recognizable scenes that transformed into a dream or nightmare.
naturalistic
In the absence of a contrived pose, Vigée-Lebrun's Self-Portrait characterized the new ____ in art.
naturalistic impulse
Exposure to the art treasures of Italy on the Grand Tour played a major role in the rise of ____.
neoclassicim
In the Creation of Adam, Michelangelo fashioned the conception of God after ____.
olympian dieties
Which of the following describes Happenings?
participatory
Visible in his David, rather than concentrating his efforts on ideal beauty, the artist Michelangelo focused on ____.
pent up emotion
The major center for artistic development in the High Renaissance was ____.
rome
At the turn of the century, the French Academy was divided rather sharply between two doctrines. Which doctrine taught that color was the most important element?
rubenistes
____ was the Dominican monk who denounced the secular humanism of the Medici and others.
savonarola
Beuys wanted "to shape our thoughts into words." Which of the following did he want to create?
social sculptures
In light of the 1848 revolution, Salon jurors considered Courbet's depiction of the rural poor in The Stone Breakers as ____.
socialistic
The orb and the cross surmounting Bernini's Baldacchino symbolize ____.
the Church's triumph
Michelangelo deviated from earlier representations of David in his rendition by portraying ____.
the encounter before the battle
The real subject of Monet's Rouen Cathedral is ____.
the sunlight of the portal
Chris Ofili represented ____ in a manner that departed radically from conventional representations.
the virgin mary
The American leader ____ embraced Neoclassicism because of its associations with important virtues such as morality, idealism, and patriotism.
thomas jefferson
Michelangelo went beyond self-contained statues in his David by ____.
turning his head
The ____ of Francesco Borromini's architecture, visible in the facade of San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane, opposed ancient ideas about architecture.
undulating motion and enhanced three-dimensional effect
Which of the following ideas did Vincent van Gogh attempt to communicate in his Starry Night?
vastness of the universe
____ is a Dutch artist who featured as the subject of his art neat interiors of Dutch middle-class dwellings.
vermeer
The cleaning of Michelangelo's Sistine ceiling initially shocked art historians because it revealed ____.
vivid colors
A leading advocate of the Enlightenment in France was which of the following?
voltaire
How does Faith Ringgold address issues of gender and racism in her work?
By using fabrics, traditionally associated with women and incisive narrative
Which of the following statements about Dada is true?
Dada aimed to undermine traditional notions about art.
How did Allan Kaprow view art?
He viewed it as an intersection of art and life.
The influence of ____ is evident in Rodin's interest in the effect of light on the sculpted surface.
Impressionism
____ is the gay artist whose show, The Perfect Moment, was cancelled for its openly gay character.
Robert Mapplethorpe
How did Carolee Schneeman transform Performance Art?
She introduced a feminist dimension.
What is the purpose of Shirin Neshat's art?
She wants to question the fundamentalist Islamic regime in Iran.
In Synthetic Cubist works, such as ____, artists constructed paintings and drawings from objects and shapes cut from paper or other materials.
Still-Life with Chair-Caning
Which of the following describes Barbara Kruger's photo-collages?
They challenge cultural attitudes.
Barbara Kruger's work takes on the slick design of contemporary advertising. Which of the following is her principal aim?
To expose the deceptiveness of media messages
Jenny Holzer's installation at the Guggenheim Museum consisted of ____.
a large continuous LED display spiraling the interior ramp
Courbet's use of ____ in the The Stone Breakers further conveyed the dismal nature of manual labor?
a palette of dirty browns and grays
The goal of Dalí's "paranoiac-critical" method was to ____.
create images of inner reality and irrationality as concrete as the world of physical reality
Although possessing the Realist passion for accuracy, Rosa Bonheur did not depict ____.
social and political themes
The work of Ernst Kirchner shows ____.
subjects drawn from the industrialized urban bourgeoisie
Géricault's Raft of the Medusa immortalized ____.
the aftermath of a French shipwreck
In contrast to artists of the French Academy, the Impressionists attempted to capture ____.
the fleeting aspects of reality
In Night Café the artist has communicated the "madness" of the place by selecting and juxtaposing ____.
vivid hues whose juxtaposition augmented their intensity
Although Morisot's interest in leisure activities aligned with the Impressionists, her paintings are inhabited by ____.
women and children
