WGU Academy - Intro to Sociology - Final Exam

Which sociologist noted that dying people pass through stages of denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance on their journey to death? Select one: a. Richard Kalish b. Elisabeth Kubler-Ross c. Helen Rose Fuchs Ebaugh d. Robert Atchley

Elisabeth Kubler-Ross

Which of the following is true of the functional perspectives? Select one: a. Finding or producing new members is not sufficient. b. Groups should not replace personnel when they die. c. Patriotism does not generally help people develop and maintain a sense of purpose. d. Failure to preserve order is not dangerous

Finding or producing new members is not sufficient

SAGE was established in 1977 to address the concerns of Select one: a. elderly workers with regard to their workplace rights. b. elderly homosexuals. c. elderly residents with regard to nursing home violations. d. elderly victims of bank fraud.

elderly homosexuals

An individual being imprisoned for murder is an example of a(n) Select one: a. formal sanction. b. value. c. informal sanction. d. norm

formal sanction

A college student is caught cheating on an exam and is brought before a college-wide disciplinary committee, which decides to expel the student from the school. The committee's action is an example of Select one: a. formal social control. b. informal social control. c. neutralization. d. enforcement of regulatory law

formal social control

According to Mexican American curanderismo, susto refers to Select one: a. fright sickness. b. fighting attack. c. mental illness. d. fake illness

fright sickness

Which sociological perspective views transnationals as a way for economies to maximize their use of human labor? Select one: a. functionalism b. conflict theory c. interactionism d. world systems theory

functionalism

Which of the following terms refers to hereditary systems of rank that are relatively fixed, immobile, and generally religiously dictated? Select one: a. tenures b. slavery c. castes d. feudalism

castes

Gestures, facial expressions, and other visual images all fall within the category of Select one: a. nonverbal communication. b. mores. c. cultural capital. d. formal norms.

nonverbal communication

A person who influences the opinions and decisions of others through day-to-day personal contact and communication is referred to as a(n) Select one: a. gatekeeper. b. opinion leader. c. specialist. d. concentrator

opinion leader

Which of the following would be an example of a man "redoing" traditional gender? Select one: a. fist fighting in public b. organizing a birthday lunch at work c. not crying when hurt d. carrying lots of heavy items

organizing a birthday lunch at work

A research measure that provides consistent results is considered Select one: a. valid. b. reliable. c. an index. d. a scale

reliable

Ageism is defined as Select one: a. prejudicial and discriminatory behavior directed against the elderly. b. the reflection of a deep uneasiness among young and middle-aged people about growing old. c. domination and control by the elderly. d. the scientific study of aging and the problems of the aged.

prejudicial and discriminatory behavior directed against the elderly

Assuming that flying a commercial plane is a man's job and that parental duties are a woman's job is an example of the Select one: a. social construction of gender. b. social construction of sexuality. c. social construction of expressiveness. d. social construction of genetic traits.

social construction of gender

A group of businesswomen meet on a monthly basis to assist one another in advancing their careers. They give each other job leads and advice, and they invite business leaders to attend their sessions to provide further assistance. This group is an example of Select one: a. role connection. b. impression management. c. status assistance. d. social networking.

social networking

Trying to understand why your roommate prefers a certain genre of music, over others, is an example of using one's Select one: a. cultural capital. b. conflict perspective. c. double consciousness. d. sociological imagination

sociological imagination

Jane, a former corporate executive, retires and eventually spends her time happily landscaping her home and working for a volunteer agency serving the local homeless population. According to Robert Atchley, Jane is in which phase of retirement? Select one: a. disenchantment b. reorientation c. stability d. termination

stability

Social epidemiology is defined as the Select one: a. total number of cases of a specific disorder that exist at a given time. b. total number of communicable diseases that exist at a given time. c. study of the distribution of disease, impairment, and general health status across a population. d. total number of cases of infant deaths for a given population during a specific period of time.

study of the distribution of disease, impairment, and general health status across a population

An emphasis on concerns such as ethnic food or political issues rather than on deeper ties to one's ethnic heritage is referred to as Select one: a. White privilege. b. symbolic ethnicity. c. assimilation. d. ethnocentrism.

symbolic ethnicity

We have little reliable data on human sexuality because Select one: a. it is difficult for researchers to even broach the subject. b. until the AIDS crisis, there was little scientific demand for data on sexual behavior. c. government funding for studies of sexual behavior is easily accessible, but not many want to ask for it. d. there has been an increase in the use of inaccurate data over the last decade.

until the AIDS crisis, there was little scientific demand for data on sexual behavior.

A study of divorce rates among the populations of Canada, England, the U.S., and France, is an example of Select one: a. alienation. b. anomie. c. microsociology. d. macrosociology

macrosociology

In which of the following ways are Christianity and Islam similar? Select one: a. Both are polytheistic. b. Both include the belief in prophets. c. Both consider God's true nature to be revealed through the Torah. d. Both require confession and communion.

Both include the belief in prophets

In which way does Hinduism differ from other major religions? Select one: a. It embraces a number of major and minor gods. b. It emphasizes enlightenment through meditation. c. It is preserved mostly through a single written text. d. It embraces only one god.

It embraces a number of major and minor gods

Which of the following attributes is true regarding Buddhism? Select one: a. It is identical to Hinduism. b. It emerged in India. c. It strives for material pleasures while on earth. d. It developed in the 1800s.

It emerged in India

Which conflict theorists suggest that schools in the U.S. foster competition through built-in systems of rewards and punishments that can cause children to feel stupid and unsuccessful? Select one: a. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels b. Samuel Bowles and Herbert Gintis c. Friedrich Engels and Thomas Mann d. Daniel Albas and Cheryl Albas

Samuel Bowles and Herbert Gintis

Which sociologist argued that sociological research should be open to bringing about social change and to drawing on relevant research by nonsociologists? Select one: a. Jane Poulson b. Joyce Ladner c. Shulamit Reinharz d. Karen Barkey

Shulamit Reinharz

Downsizing refers to reductions in Select one: a. the size of urban communities through advanced planning techniques. b. a company's workforce. c. the size of unions as a result of satisfied worker apathy. d. factory pollutants output.

a company's workforce

The marginalization in sex and relationship education in schools of anything other than heterosexual relationships is an example of Select one: a. a hidden curriculum. b. the correspondence principle. c. the teacher-expectancy effect. d. the Protestant ethic.

a hidden curriculum

An unreliable generalization about all members of a group that does not recognize individual differences within the group is referred to as Select one: a. differential association. b. exploitation. c. a stereotype. d. institutional discrimination.

a stereotype

To conduct a cross-cultural study of job discrimination against women, a sociologist interviews 75 women between the ages of 20 and 40 in an American city, and 75 women in the same age group in a Canadian city. This study would be classified as Select one: a. a secondary analysis. b. participant observation. c. a survey. d. a content analysis.

a survey

If a non mainstream practice is used in place of conventional medicine, it's considered Select one: a. complementary. b. alternative. c. holistic. d. traditional.

alternative

Sociologists have documented that the class system is more rigid for Select one: a. Whites. b. African Americans. c. Asian Americans. d. Hispanics

African Americans

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Clinical sociologists take direct responsibility for implementing their ideas. b. There are no established methods for educating clinical sociologists. c. Applied and clinical sociology are the same. d. Clinical sociology has existed for only the last 20 years

Clinical sociologists take direct responsibility for implementing their ideas.

Which sociological perspective would argue that subcultures often emerge because the dominant society has unsuccessfully attempted to suppress a practice regarded as improper, such as the use of illegal drugs? Select one: a. Functionalist perspective b. Conflict perspective c. Interactionist perspective d. Feminist perspective

Conflict perspective

Which of the following factors has contributed to the rise in the cost of healthcare in the United States? Select one: a. The system is highly efficient. b. Health care is profit-driven. c. The young population is consuming less health care that previously thought. d. Pharmaceutical companies are developing generic, low-cost prescription drugs

Health care is profit-driven

Which of these comments about a bureaucracy is correct? Select one: a. The division of labor does not really produce any positive consequences. b. The hierarchy of authority has the negative consequence for the individual of depriving employees a voice in decision making. c. An organization's written rules and regulations have the positive consequence of leading to goal displacement. d. Hiring is based on technical qualifications rather than on favoritism

Hiring is based on technical qualifications rather than on favoritism

Sociologists conduct reviews of literature to do which of the following? Select one: a. Refine the problem under study. b. Identify potential sources of funding. c. Determine whether a research study is in fact feasible. d. Analyze the data and formulate conclusions.

Refine the problem under study.

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. The narcotizing dysfunction of the media was identified in the 1980s after the deluge of cable news programming. b. Massive amounts of information tend to excite audiences. c. The numbing effect of the narcotizing dysfunction may prevent people from taking action in response to compelling issues. d. The term narcotizing dysfunction was created by feminist scholars.

The numbing effect of the narcotizing dysfunction may prevent people from taking action in response to compelling issues

Which of the following statements about rites of passage is true? Select one: a. The quinceañera ceremony among Hispanic girls is considered a rite of passage. b. All segments of American society celebrate the arrival of adulthood with the same rites of passage. c. People in all societies experience adolescence between the ages of 15 and 17. d. All of these answers are correct.

The quinceañera ceremony among Hispanic girls is considered a rite of passage

Which of the following relationships best shows causal logic? Select one: a. The time spent reviewing for a test may be directly related to, or produce a greater likelihood of getting a high score. b. Being less integrated into society may be directly related to, or produce a lower likelihood of, suicide. c. The time spent tending to one's vegetable garden may be directly related to, or produce a greater likelihood of overgrowth. d. Being more involved in extracurricular activities may be directly related to, or produce a lower likelihood of, college admission.

The time spent reviewing for a test may be directly related to, or produce a greater likelihood of getting a high score.

Judaism is like Christianity and Islam in which of the following ways? Select one: a. They all use the same religious text. b. They are all monotheistic. c. They are all polytheistic. d. They share the same ritualistic traditions.

They are all monotheistic

Which of the following is true of a government of a capitalist nation? Select one: a. They monitor prices. b. Values business over consumer. c. Takes ownership of entire industries. d. Disregards safety and environmental standards.

They monitor prices

Who among the following has noted that modern societies tend to be urban, literate, and industrial, with sophisticated transportation and media systems, and families in such societies are organized within the nuclear family unit rather than the extended family model? Select one: a. Wendell Bell b. Immanuel Wallerstein c. Karl Marx d. None of these answers are correct.

Wendell Bell

Which of these racial and ethnic groups in the United States has a lower death rate? Select one: a. Whites b. Asian Americans c. Hispanics d. African Americans

Whites

________ study of Italian street-corner men used participant observation. Select one: a. Terry Mizrahi's b. William F. Whyte's c. Max Weber's d. Vilfredo Pareto's

William F. Whyte's

A professional criminal is Select one: a. an affluent individual who commits crimes in the course of daily business activities. b. always a member of a highly structured criminal organization that is involved in smuggling, drug trafficking, prostitution, and gambling. c. a person who pursues crime as a daily occupation, developing skilled techniques and enjoying a degree of status among other criminals. d. an individual who commits one to two crimes within their lifespan

a person who pursues crime as a daily occupation, developing skilled techniques and enjoying a degree of status among other criminals

A social network is Select one: a. a social structure that derives its existence from the social interactions through which people define and redefine its character. b. an attempt to reach agreement with others concerning some objective. c. a series of social relationships that link a person directly to others and therefore indirectly to still more people. d. the way in which a society is organized into predictable relationships.

a series of social relationships that link a person directly to others and therefore indirectly to still more people

Transfers of money, goods, or services that are not reported to the government are indicative of Select one: a. socialist sanctions. b. communism. c. an informal economy. d. capitalistic profits.

an informal economy

Which pattern of descent is most typical in the U.S.? Select one: a. matrilineal b. patrilineal c. bilateral d. bilineal

bilateral

A table, an incense stick, and a candelabra can all be considered Select one: a. profane items. b. sacred items. c. neither sacred nor profane items. d. both sacred and profane items

both sacred and profane items

Karl Marx argued that social, economic, and political inequalities are dependent on Select one: a. class differentiation. b. achieved status. c. the Protestant work ethic. d. religious factors

class differentiation

Which of the following did Max Weber suggest were analytically distinct components of stratification? Select one: a. class, caste, and power b. class, status, and power c. class, caste, and age d. class, prestige, and esteem

class, status, and power

Invention is the Select one: a. combination of existing cultural items into a form that did not previously exist. b. process of introducing new elements into a culture. c. process of making known or sharing the existence of an aspect of reality. d. process by which a cultural item is spread from group to group or society to society.

combination of existing cultural items into a form that did not previously exist

Which of the following sociological perspectives see sexual harassment as a product of unequal power—men wielding their authority over women, and bosses over employees? Select one: a. conflict b. global c. interactionist d. functionalist

conflict

Which perspective would study how "welfare scapegoating" ignored federal handouts to individuals and families? Select one: a. functionalist b. interactionist c. conflict d. feminist

conflict

An important tenet of labeling theory is the recognition that some individuals or groups have the power to define labels and apply them to others. This view shares the emphasis on the social significance of power maintained by the Select one: a. functionalist perspective. b. conflict perspective. c. interactionist perspective. d. global perspective.

conflict perspective

Which sociological perspective is most critical of the differential way in which education bestows status? Select one: a. functionalist perspective b. conflict perspective c. interactionist perspective d. global perspective

conflict perspective

Which sociological perspective suggests that the term medicalization of society refers to the growing role of medicine as a major institution of social control? Select one: a. functionalist perspective b. conflict perspective c. interactionist perspective d. labeling perspective

conflict perspective

Which sociological perspective would be most likely to emphasize that a person's health and educational opportunities are affected by his or her class position in important ways? Select one: a. functionalist perspective b. conflict perspective c. interactionist perspective d. global perspective

conflict perspective

Which sociological perspective would most likely suggest that although pure monopolies are not a basic element of the U.S. economy, competition is still far more restricted than is ideal? Select one: a. functionalist perspective b. conflict perspective c. interactionist perspective d. global perspective

conflict perspective

Purchasing goods not to survive, but to flaunt one's superior wealth and social standing is known as Select one: a. presumptive consumption. b. inconspicuous ridicule. c. conspicuous consumption. d. consumptive frivolity

conspicuous consumption

Life course theorists suggest socialization Select one: a. stops after a person experiences a rite of passage. b. continues through all stages of the life cycle. c. is attributable solely to biological influences. d. is attributable to both biological and physical influences.

continues through all stages of the life cycle

The ways in which the desperately poor attempt to control their hunger is referred to as Select one: a. coping mechanisms. b. dependency. c. colonialism. d. therapy

coping mechanisms

The federal bailouts of the banking and auto industries are an example of Select one: a. unemployment. b. corporate welfare. c. welfare reform. d. None of these answers are correct

corporate welfare

Which term refers to the period of maladjustment when the nonmaterial culture is still adapting to new material conditions? Select one: a. cultural relativism b. culture lag c. culture shock d. cultural integration

culture lag

Beth, who has lived all her life in an affluent neighborhood in New York City, travels to Africa and is introduced to living in a dirt-floored hut while she works digging canals for a service trip. It is safe to say she is experiencing Select one: a. cultural relativity. b. cultural diffusion. c. culture shock. d. cultural integration.

culture shock

The widespread dissemination of compromising images that were meant to be shared only among close friends is one aspect of the social phenomenon called Select one: a. cyberbullying. b. blackmail. c. bribery. d. cyberstalking.

cyberbullying

Émile Durkheim's explanation of suicide was scientific because he Select one: a. developed conclusions based on a systematic examination of data. b. carefully studied the personalities of hundreds of suicide victims. c. worked in a university setting. d. divided suicide into four distinctive categories.

developed conclusions based on a systematic examination of data.

A particular school district hires a staff member who only works with students who have specific reading difficulties. This illustrates which characteristic of a bureaucracy? Select one: a. written rules and regulations b. impersonality c. division of labor d. hierarchy of authority

division of labor

The failure of various government intelligence-gathering organizations to detect the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, illustrates which poorly functioning aspect of government bureaucracy? Select one: a. division of labor b. hierarchy of authority c. impersonality d. employment based on technical qualifications

division of labor

What is the term used for the set of cultural beliefs and practices that helps to maintain powerful social, economic, and political interests? Select one: a. gatekeeping b. surveillance function c. narcotizing dysfunction d. dominant ideology

dominant ideology

In Karl Marx's analysis, society was fundamentally divided between Select one: a. separate genders that clash in pursuit of their own interests. b. economic classes that clash in pursuit of their own class interests. c. different races that clash in pursuit of their own interests. d. the religious and the nonreligious who clash in pursuit of their own interests

economic classes that clash in pursuit of their own class interests

Jim Crow laws were passed in the Southern states in order to Select one: a. enforce official segregation. b. force legal integration. c. allow enslavement of Blacks. d. end segregation.

enforce official segregation

An American traveling abroad observes locals eating chocolate-covered crickets. She expresses disgust to her traveling companions. She is exhibiting Select one: a. xenocentrism. b. ethnocentrism. c. cultural relativism. d. monophobicism.

ethnocentrism

The tendency to assume that one's own culture and way of life represent the norm or are superior to all others is called Select one: a. culture shock. b. cultural relativism. c. ethnocentrism. d. value stability

ethnocentrism

Recent Chinese immigrants to the U.S. often find jobs working in sweatshops in New York City's Chinatown, where they work 16 or more hours a day in the garment industry, earning less than minimum wage. The big businesses that hire these illegal and often uninformed immigrants illustrate Select one: a. the contact hypothesis. b. exploitation theory. c. labeling theory. d. a self-fulfilling prophecy.

exploitation theory

The term familism refers to pride in the Select one: a. nuclear family, expressed through the maintenance of a strong system of rituals and permanence. b. extended family, expressed through the maintenance of close ties and strong obligations to kinfolk. c. single-parent family, expressed through the maintenance of close bonds and attention to the needs of children. d. a sense of virility, personal worth, and pride in one's own family.

extended family, expressed through the maintenance of close ties and strong obligations to kinfolk

Research on children's books published in the U.S. in the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s found that Select one: a. females were significantly overrepresented in central roles and illustrations. b. female characters were portrayed as passive and in need of strong males. c. females were portrayed as competent and generally equal to males. d. female characters were portrayed as aggressive and on the same level as strong males

female characters were portrayed as passive and in need of strong males

As primary agents of childhood socialization, schools play a critical role in teaching children the values and customs of the larger society. This view of the socialization process is most likely of particular interest to which sociological perspective? Select one: a. functionalist perspective b. conflict perspective c. interactionist perspective d. global perspective

functionalist perspective

Which sociological perspective supports the view of marriage as a social institution closely tied to human reproduction? Select one: a. functionalist perspective b. conflict perspective c. interactionist perspective d. feminist perspective

functionalist perspective

Which sociological perspective would suggest that the Internet serves the manifest function of facilitating communication? Select one: a. functionalist perspective b. conflict perspective c. interactionist perspective d. dramaturgical perspective

functionalist perspective

The child of about eight or nine years of age begins to consider several tasks and relationships simultaneously. At this point in development, children grasp not only their own social positions, but also those of others around them. Mead calls this stage the Select one: a. preparatory stage. b. play stage. c. imitative stage. d. game stage.

game stage

New social movements Select one: a. emphasize resource mobilization on a local level. b. generally do not view government as their ally. c. tend to emphasize economic issues. d. have their roots in social class, usually working-class, activism.

generally do not view government as their ally.

In a particular school system, a teacher's aide must report to her teacher, and the teacher must report to his assistant principal, who then must report to her principal, who then must report to the superintendent, who ultimately is responsible to the board of education. This illustrates which characteristic of a bureaucracy? Select one: a. written rules and regulations b. impersonality c. division of labor d. hierarchy of authority

hierarchy of authority

Research in the United States and other countries has consistently shown that people in the lower classes have Select one: a. lower mortality rates. b. higher rates of mortality and disability. c. lower rates of cancer and heart disease. d. both higher rates of mortality and disability and lower rates of cancer and heart disease.

higher rates of mortality and disability

A construct or model that serves as a measuring rod against which specific cases can be evaluated is called a(n) Select one: a. coalition. b. ideal type. c. metaphor. d. questionnaire.

ideal type

The practice of colleges admitting more ethnic minorities and women, under Talcott Parsons's model, is called Select one: a. differentiation. b. adaptation. c. inclusion. d. generalization.

inclusion

Jennifer is attending a business luncheon with several corporate executives. At one point during the meal, she reaches in front of another executive for a saltshaker and hits the executive's arm as he is about to put a spoonful of soup in his mouth. The soup spills on his shirt, and he glares at Jennifer. The glare is an example of a(n) Select one: a. norm. b. folkway. c. formal sanction. d. informal sanction

informal sanction

A scientific company lays off employees by seniority, retaining those that have been employed the longest. The majority of the female employees had been hired only in the past 10 years and were educated as part of the push to get more females into math and sciences. This situation is an example of Select one: a. instrumentality. b. expressiveness. c. institutional discrimination. d. pluralism.

institutional discrimination

A farmer is called to help sandbag a levy that is about to flood his town. The farmer is stationed between two correctional-center inmates who are required to assist in the flood-control efforts. As a result of this experience, the farmer has developed a newfound respect for inmates. This example would be consistent with which perspective? Select one: a. functionalist perspective b. conflict perspective c. interactionist perspective d. global perspective

interactionist perspective

In pointing out that the growth of the electronic media has facilitated the development of charismatic authority, sociologist Carl Couch draws on the Select one: a. functionalist perspective b. conflict perspective c. interactionist perspective d. global perspective

interactionist perspective

Which sociological perspective would be most likely to study the bestowal of status that activists assume in their new social roles created through social movements? Select one: a. functionalist perspective b. conflict perspective c. interactionist perspective d. epidemiological perspective

interactionist perspective

John was pulled over by police officers in his hometown without provocation and cause. John determined that it was because he was African American and thus, the officers were racially profiling. This example illustrates which of the following perspectives? Select one: a. labeling b. functionalist c. conflict d. interactionist

labeling

Which sociological approach would most likely view old age as a "master status" that has consequences for how the elderly are treated in the United States? Select one: a. disengagement theory b. activity theory c. labeling theory d. functionalist perspective

labeling theory

According to G. William Domhoff's model of the political power structure, to which coalition would colleges and universities likely belong? Select one: a. corporate-conservative coalition b. liberal-labor coalition c. environmental-elite coalition d. policy-formation coalition

liberal-labor coalition

Bestowing status on students by awarding them a diploma after they have successfully completed all graduation requirements can be considered a Select one: a. manifest function of education. b. latent function of education. c. dysfunction of education. d. goal of the interactionist approach to education

manifest function of education

Which of the following terms is used by sociologists to refer to print and electronic means of communication that carry messages to widespread audiences? Select one: a. transmitters b. opinion leaders c. mass media d. narcotizers

mass media

Under which marital form can a woman have several husbands at the same time? Select one: a. monogamy b. polygamy c. polygyny d. polyandry

polyandry

What is the general term for a marriage in which an individual can have several husbands or wives at the same time? Select one: a. monogamy b. polygamy c. polygyny d. polyandry

polygamy

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels said, "The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles.... The ________ have nothing to lose but their chains. They have a world to win. WORKING MEN OF ALL COUNTRIES, UNITE!" Select one: a. bourgeoisie b. proletarians c. Vulcans d. middle classes

proletarians

Which of the following is considered a problem with homeschooling? Select one: a. quality control b. the number of teachers c. the quality of the time children spend with parents d. the rate of learning

quality control

Rites of passage are Select one: a. gestures, objects, and language that form the basis of human communication. b. stressful periods of self-evaluation, often occurring between 35 and 50 years of age. c. rituals marking the symbolic transition from one social position to another. d. expectations regarding the proper behavior, attitudes, and activities of males and females.

rituals marking the symbolic transition from one social position to another

The difficulty that arises when the same social position imposes conflicting demands and expectations is known as Select one: a. role conflict. b. role strain. c. role exit. d. resocialization.

role strain

An invisible barrier that blocks the promotion of a qualified individual in a work environment because of the individual's gender, race, or ethnicity is called Select one: a. expressiveness. b. a gender role. c. the glass ceiling. d. instrumentality.

the glass ceiling

In most states in the U.S., an individual is not permitted to marry a parent, a sibling, an aunt or an uncle, a grandparent, or a first or second cousin. These rules reflect our societal emphasis on Select one: a. the incest taboo. b. endogamy. c. exogamy. d. homogamy.

the incest taboo

Developing nations define poverty as Select one: a. the total number of people on welfare. b. the average salary wage. c. the number of people in the nation divided by the total income earned. d. the minimum income a person needs to survive.

the minimum income a person needs to survive

In Émile Durkheim's view, Select one: a. the punishments established within a culture help to define acceptable behavior and thus contribute to social stability. b. labeling an individual is the most crucial stage in that person's becoming deviant. c. people accept or reject the goals of a society and/or the socially approved means to fulfill their aspirations. d. the punishments established within a culture help to define acceptable behavior, and people accept or reject the goals of a society.

the punishments established within a culture help to define acceptable behavior and thus contribute to social stability

Liberation theology refers to Select one: a. the use of a church, primarily the Roman Catholic Church, in a political effort to eliminate poverty, discrimination, and other forms of injustice. b. the use of a church, primarily the Muslim temple, in a political effort to eliminate poverty, discrimination, and other forms of injustice. c. people who support a literal interpretation of the book of Genesis. d. a religious organization that claims to include most of the members of a society.

the use of a church, primarily the Roman Catholic Church, in a political effort to eliminate poverty, discrimination, and other forms of injustice

A new sort of ________ is emerging online: communities developing around common interests or shared identities. Select one: a. interactive niche b. tribalism c. online nest d. identity cell

tribalism

In Immanuel Wallerstein's view, the global economic system is divided between nations that control wealth and nations from which resources are taken. This view is referred to as Select one: a. neocolonialism. b. colonialism. c. world systems analysis. d. the world exploitation model

world systems analysis