WH - Chapter 25.1

Industrialization

which is the process of developing machine production of goods.

Factors of production

the resources needed to produce goods and services that the Industrial Revolution required. They included land, labor, and capital (or wealth).

What were four factors that contributed to industrialization in Britain?

Agricultural revolution, Inventions, Improvements in transportation, and England had all three factors of production. They included land, labor, and capital (or wealth).

What were the two important results that the enclosure movement began?

First, landowners tried new agricultural methods. Second, large landowners forced small farmers to become tenant farmers or to give up farming and move to the cities.

What were the four major effects that the invention and perfection of the locomotive have?

First, railroads spurred industrial growth by giving manufacturers a cheap way to transport materials and finished products. Second, the railroad boom created hundreds of thousands of new jobs for both railroad workers and miners. These miners provided iron for the tracks and coal for the steam engines. Third, the railroads boosted England's agricultural and fishing industries, which could transport their products to distant cities. Fin ally, by making travel easier, railroads encouraged country people to take distant city jobs or vacations in the country.

What were the three major agricultural innovations in England that caused an increase in food production?

In 1701 Jethro Tull invented a seed drill that allowed farmers to sow seeds in well-spaced rows at specific depths. A larger share of the seeds took root, boosting crop yields. Another agricultural innovation was the use of crop rotation, which allowed nutrients to be replenished back into the soil by changing crops yearly. Lastly, livestock farmers used selective breeding to increase the size and strength of he animals.

How did population growth spur the Industrial Revolution?

More clothes were needed for the boost in population and farmers who were displaced by the enclosure movement went to cities to work in factories.

Crop rotation

proved to be one of the best developments by the scientific farmers. One year, for example, a farmer might plant a field with wheat, which exhausted soil nutrients. The next year he planted a root crop, such as turnips, to restore nutrients. This might be followed in turn by barley and then clover.

Industrial Revolution

refers to the greatly increased output of machine-made goods that began in England in the middle 1700s.

Entrepreneur

a person who organizes, manages, and takes on the risks of a business.

Enclosures

large fields bought by wealthy landowners in England during the 1700's which allowed the large landowners to dramatically improved farming methods. The landowners experimented with more productive seeding and harvesting methods to boost crop yields. These innovations amounted to an agricultural revolution.