W.H. Chapter 3 The Reformation in Europe
Anti-Semitism
Some features of society were not changed; _____________, or discrimination against Jews, continued.
Carmelites Jesuits
Two new religious orders included: the __________ and the ____________, who took vows of poverty.
Christian humanism's goal to reform the Catholic Church; Martin Luther's criticism of the Church's corrupt and worldly practices; the rise of Lutheranism; the political struggles of Charles V
What factors combined to foster a religious reformation in Europe?
Justification by faith alone.
What idea of Martin Luther became the chief teaching of the Protestant Reformation?
Lutheranism
What was the first Protestant faith?
Desiderius Erasmus
Who was the best-known Christian humanist?
Humanists wanted Church leaders to be more spiritual and less worldly. They also objected to veneration of relics and the buying and selling of indulgences. People were critical of the Church.
Why did Christian humanists call for reform in the church?
He wanted to overthrow the papacy, attack the Church's system of sacraments, and promoted salvation through faith alone.
Why was Luther made an outlaw within the Holy Roman Empire?
Husbands
Women's duties in marriage included bearing children and being obedient to their ___________.
Equal Separation
Anabaptists, who considered all believers to be __________, called for the complete _________ of church and state.
The Peace of Augsburg
How did the end to religious warfare in Germany come?
Roman Catholicism Protestants
In an effort to restore ________ _________ to England, Queen Mary I had almost 300 __________ burned as heretics.
1545 Council of Trent
In the year _________, thenPope called the __________ ______ ______, which defined Catholic doctrine.
Predestination
John Calvin emphasized the idea of _____________, which gave later Calvinists the belief that they were doing God's work on Earth.
Humanist State
Protestant teachers used ___________ methods, and Martin Luther believed that the _________ should pay for education.
Zürich Martin Luther
The Swiss priest Ulrich Zwingli introduced Protestant reforms in the city of ________ and wanted an alliance with _______ _______.
Act of Supremacy Henry VII
The ______ ____ _______ of 1534 declared that King _________ was "the only supreme head on earth of the Church of England."
He believed Christianity should show people how to live good lives. He thought that if people would read the classics, they would become more religious.
What did Desiderius Erasmus believe?
Germans were free to choose between Catholicism and Lutheranism.
What did the end to religious warfare mean for Christianity?
October 3, 1517
When did Martin Luther issue his Ninety-Five Theses?
1555
When did the end to religious warfare in Germany come?
On the door of Castle Church in Wittenberg
Where did Martin Luther issue his Ninety-Five Theses?
King Francis I
Who offered opposition to the rule of Charles V?
He was a monk in the Catholic Church and a professor at the University of Wittenberg.
Who was Martin Luther?
He saw it as a force that disrupted the political and social order. He wanted to keep the empire united and under the control of his Hapsburg dynasty.
Why did Charles V oppose the Reformation?
